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Gross volumetric production, yield and modeling of sawn timber from commercial Amazonian species
No full textEstimativas precisas da volumetria comercial são indispensáveis para o gerenciamento em planos de manejo em escala empresarial. Nesta tese buscou-se descrever de maneira técnica e objetiva o estado da arte da produção de madeira comercial para fins manejo e serraria. No capítulo 1, buscou-se fornecer alternativas confiáveis para estimar o volume comercial de árvores em diferentes tipologias florestais no Amapá, extremo norte do Brasil. Beneficiando-se de um inventário em larga escala de árvores caídas em todo o estado do Amapá, foram desenvolvidos modelos volumétricos específicos para cada tipo de vegetação bem como uma equação genérica, além de determinação do fator de forma específico para cada área. Após as estimativas de estoque de volume de madeira comercial pelos modelos para cada área, foram realizadas predições volumétricas empregando as equações genéricas e o fator de forma local para dados do inventário de árvores vivas da Flota com o intuito de avaliar taxas discrepantes de estimação de volume em níveis de área total e tipologia. De modo geral, uma equação genérica para diferentes áreas são fundamentais para nortear a produção de madeira nos planos de manejo na Amazônia. Para alcançar estimativas de volume confiáveis, equações específicas em nível de grupo ecológico, famílias, classes de diâmetro e espécies comerciais são recomendadas consideradando diferentes tipologias florestais no Amapá e na Amazônia. O fator de forma superestima a produção volumétrica comercial, não sendo recomendado para as predições. No capítulo 2, foi realizado um estudo sobre a produção de madeira serrada de espécies comerciais no Amapá. Neste capítulo, o objetivo foi obter e analisar o coeficiente de rendimento volumétrico para dez espécies arbóreas comerciais e testar a variação entre as espécies e por classes de diâmetro. Os dados foram obtidos de uma serraria localizada em Porto Grande, Amapá, onde foram obtidos os volumes, diâmetro e comprimento de 50 toras das espécies: Carapa guianensis, Dinizia excelsa, Hymenolobium petraeum, Dipteryx odorata, Goupia glabra, Handroanthus albus, Hymenaea courbaril, Ocotea rubra, Manilkara huberie Vochysia guianensis. Após o desdobro das toras foi realizada a quantificação dos volumes de madeira serrada e posterior obtenção do coeficiente de rendimento volumétrico. Assim, o rendimento geral obtido para a serraria (43,95%), bem como o redimento de cada espécie está dentro dos padrões legais estabelecidos para o funcionamento da indústria de acordo com as exigências e normas ambientais. O menor valor obtido foi para a espécie Carapa guianensis (37,80%), já Hymenolobium petraeum e Dinizia excelsa geraram maiores valores de aproveitamento de madeira (54,41% e 54,40% respectivamente). As espécies Hymenolobium petraeum, Dinizia excelsa, Ocotea rubra e Vochysia guianensis apresentam diferença (p < 0,05) de rendimento para as demais espécies devido aos maiores valores obtidos, entretanto são similares (p 0,05) quando comparadas entre si. Não foram verificadas diferenças (p 0,05) das classes de diâmetro para as espécies, exceto para Handroanthus albus e Dinizia excelsa. Entretanto não foi evidenciado incremento linear (p 0,05) entre o diâmetro e rendimento de madeira serrada para todas as espécies. No capítulo 3, foi realizada uma abordagem sobre a estimativa do volume de madeira serrada para as espécies comerciais descritas no capítulo anterior. Desta forma, foram geradas equações a partir do ajuste e seleção de 16 modelos estatísticos. Em síntese, estimativas precisas de volume de madeira serrada podem ser obtidas pelo modelo 16 para C. guianensis. Para D. excelsa e H. petraeum os modelos 13 e 15 são os mais recomendados, respectivamente. O modelo 7 apresentou os melhores ajustes para H. courbaril e V. guianensis. Os modelos 5, 10, 11, 14 e 12 são os mais indicados para D. odorata, G. glabra, M. huberi, O. rubra e H. albus respectivamente. Equações que utilizam apenas a variável diâmetro da tora sugerem estimativas com menor precisão. Outrossim, deve-se considera o volume da tora como importante variável preditora para obtenção de volume serrado para as diferentes espécies comerciais amazônicas.Accurately estimates of commercial volumetry are indispensable for management in enterprise-scale management plans. In this thesis, we tried to describe in a technical and objective way the state of the art of the production of commercial wood for the production of logs and sawn timber. In Chapter 1, we sought to provide reliable alternatives to estimate the commercial volume of trees in different forest types in Amapá, extreme north of Brazil. Benefiting from a large-scale inventory of fallen trees throughout the state of Amapá, specific volumetric models were developed for each type of vegetation as well as a generic equation, as well as determination of the specific form factor for each area. After estimating the volume of commercial timber by the models for each area, volumetric predictions were made using the generic equations and the local form factor for Fleet live tree inventory data to evaluate discrepant rates of volume estimation in total area and typology levels. In general, equations for different areas are fundamental to guide the production of wood in management plans in the Amazon. To achieve reliable volume estimates, specific equations at the ecological group level, families, diameter classes and commercial species are recommended considering different forest typologies in Amapá and Amazon. The form factor overestimates the commercial volumetric production and is not recommended for the predictions. In the chapter 2, a study was carried out on the production of sawn wood of commercial species in Amapá. In this chapter, the objective was to obtain and analyze the coefficient of volumetric yield for ten commercial tree species and to test the variation among species and by diameter classes. The data were obtained from a sawmill located in Porto Grande, Amapá, where the volumes, diameter and length of 50 logs of the species: Carapa guianensis, Dinizia excelsa, Hymenolobium petraeum, Dipteryx odorata, Goupia glabra, Handroanthus albus, Hymenaea courbaril, Ocotea rubra, Manilkara huberi e Vochysia guianensis. After the logs were split, the lumber volumes were quantified, and the volumetric yield coefficient was obtained. Thus, the general yield obtained for the sawmill (43.95%) as well as the yield of each species is within the established standards for the operation of the industry according to the legal requirements. The lowest value was obtained for Carapa guianensis (37.80%), while Hymenolobium petraeum and Dinizia excelsa generated higher values of wood utilization (54.41% and 54.40%, respectively). The species Hymenolobium petraeum, Dinizia excelsa, Ocotea rubra and Vochysia guianensis show a difference (p 0.05) in yield for the other species due to the higher values obtained, however they are similar (p 0.05) when compared to each other. There were no differences (p 0.05) in the diameter classes for the species, except for Handroanthus albus and Dinizia excelsa. However, there was no linear increase (p 0.05) between the diameter and yield of sawnwood for all species. In Chapter 3, an approach was taken on the estimated lumber volume for the commercial species described in the previous chapter. In this way, equations were generated from the fit and selection of 16 statistical models. In summary, precise estimates of lumber volume can be obtained by model 16 for C. guianensis. For D. excelsa and H. petraeum the models 13 and 15 are the most recommended, respectively. The model 7 presented the best adjustments for H. courbaril and V. guianensis. The models 5, 10, 11, 14 and 12 are the most suitable for D. odorata, G. glabra, M. huberi, O. rubra and H. albus respectively. Equations using only the log diameter variable suggest estimates with less precision. Also, the volume of the log should be considered as an important predictor variable for the obtaining of serrated volume for the different Amazonian commercial species
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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