314,580 research outputs found
A comment on "Intergenerational equity: sup, inf, lim sup, and lim inf"
No full textWe reexamine the analysis of Chambers (Social Choice and Welfare, 2009), that produces a characterization of a family of social welfare functions in the context of intergenerational equity: namely, those that coincide with either the sup, inf, lim sup, or lim inf rule. Reinforcement, ordinal covariance, and monotonicity jointly identify such class of rules. We show that the addition of a suitable axiom to this three properties permits to characterize each particular rule. A discussion of the respective distinctive properties is provided.Social welfare function; Intergenerational equity; Lim sup ; Lim inf
Multiple functions of LIM domain-binding CLIM/NLI/Ldb cofactors during zebrafish development
No full textThe crucial involvement of CLIM/NLI/Ldb cofactors for the exertion of the biological activity of LIM homeodomain transcription factors (LIM-HD) has been demonstrated. In this paper we show that CLIM cofactors are widely expressed during zebrafish development with high protein levels in specific neuronal cell types where LIM-HD proteins of the Isl class are synthesized. The overexpression of a dominant-negative CLIM molecule (DN-CLIM) that contains the LIM interaction domain (LID) during early developmental stages of zebrafish embryos results in an impairment of eye and midbrain-hindbrain boundary (MHB) development and disturbances in the formation of the anterior midline. On a cellular level we show that the outgrowth of peripheral but not central axons from Rohon Beard (RB) and trigeminal sensory neurons is inhibited by DN-CLIM overexpression. We demonstrate a further critical role of CLIM cofactors for axonal outgrowth of motor neurons. Additionally, DN-CLIM overexpression causes an increase of Isl-protein expression levels in specific neuronal cell types, likely due to a protection of the DN-CLIM/LIM-HD complex from proteasomal degradation. Our results demonstrate multiple roles of the CLIM cofactor family for the development of entire organs, axonal outgrowth of specific neurons and protein expression levels
The influence of high-intensity exercise training on the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship
No full textWhen exercise to exhaustion is performed using at least two different intensities, work to fatigue (W(lim)) can be expressed as a linear function of time to fatigue (T(lim)). Whereas the slope of this function is related to endurance ability, the y-intercept is associated with the potential to perform high intensity interval exercise. The purpose of the present investigation was to determine the influence of 8-wk intermittent high-intensity exercise training on the y-intercept derived from the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship. Eight healthy, untrained male students (19.1 +/- 0.6 yr) completed five 60-s bouts of maximal exercise on the cycle ergometer, three times a week, for 8 wk. Seven controls avoided regular activity for the same period. Prior to and immediately following the training period, the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship, VO2max, and total work completed in five 60-s exercise bouts on the cycle ergometer were determined. Correlational analysis established relationships between the y-intercept and total work accomplished in the interval test pre- (r = 0.90; P < 0.01; N = 15) and post-training (r = 0.92; P < 0.0 1; N = 15), confirming that the y-intercept is related to the ability to perform exercise of this nature. Moreover, the ''anaerobic'' energy yield, calculated from total work and oxygen consumed during the interval exercise, was also related to the y-intercept (r = 0.78; P < 0.01). Interval training significantly increased both the y-intercept (P = 0.0015) and total work accomplished in the interval test (P = 0.001), while the slope of the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship (critical power) remained unchanged. Changes in the y-intercept were correlated to changes in total work accomplished (r = 0.85; P < 0.01). Furthermore, peak post-exercise plasma lactate concentration resulting from the interval task increased from 12.2 +/- 1.6 to 16.3 +/- 0.9 mmol.-1 (P = 0.003), while oxygen consumed during this exercise demand was not significantly changed with training (P = 0. 166). The present study has demonstrated that not only does the y-intercept of the W(lim)-T(lim) relationship provide a measure of the ability to undertake repeated bouts of maximal, high intensity exercise, but that this particular characteristic is also responsive to exhaustive interval training
Four and a half LIM protein 1C (FHL1C)
No full textFour-and-a-half LIM domain protein 1 isoform A (FHL1A) is predominantly expressed in skeletal and cardiac muscle. Mutations in the FHL1 gene are causative for several types of hereditary myopathies including X-linked myopathy with postural muscle atrophy (XMPMA). We here studied myoblasts from XMPMA patients. We found that functional FHL1A protein is completely absent in patient myoblasts. In parallel, expression of FHL1C is either unaffected or increased. Furthermore, a decreased proliferation rate of XMPMA myoblasts compared to controls was observed but an increased number of XMPMA myoblasts was found in the G(0)/G(1) phase. Furthermore, low expression of K(v1.5), a voltage-gated potassium channel known to alter myoblast proliferation during the G(1) phase and to control repolarization of action potential, was detected. In order to substantiate a possible relation between K(v1.5) and FHL1C, a pull-down assay was performed. A physical and direct interaction of both proteins was observed in vitro. In addition, confocal microscopy revealed substantial colocalization of FHL1C and K(v1.5) within atrial cells, supporting a possible interaction between both proteins in vivo. Two-electrode voltage clamp experiments demonstrated that coexpression of K(v1.5) with FHL1C in Xenopus laevis oocytes markedly reduced K(+) currents when compared to oocytes expressing K(v1.5) only. We here present the first evidence on a biological relevance of FHL1C
Interpretare la LIM
No full textIl capitolo presenta le forme di utilizzo della LIM secondo la prospettiva delle competenze digitali
W. D. Snodgrass, 1st Annual Arts Reunion
No full textW. D. Snodgrass is currently the Visiting Writer at Old Dominion University. He is the author of Heart\u27s Needle, After Experience, and The Fuhrer Bunker, as well as the pseudonymous book Remains. In addition to these volumes of poetry. Mr. Snodgrass has published a collection of critical essays In Radical Pursuit and several translations. In 1967 he received the Pulitzer Prize
Perspektywy rozwoju biotechnologii w Polsce
No full textWażnym czynnikiem rozwoju biotechnologii w Polsce są nowoczesne badania naukowe. Artykuł Perspektywy rozwoju biotechnologii w Polsce zwraca uwagę na to, że wiedza z zakresu nauk biologicznych i medycznych przyczynia się do większej konkurencyjności zarówno ośrodków naukowych i badawczych, jak i przedsiębiorstw. Biotechnologiczne projekty naukowo–badawcze realizowane w Polsce nie tworzą jeszcze podstaw do wytwarzania produktów biotechnologicznych w takim zakresie, by polskie przedsiębiorstwa mogły konkurować na rynku międzynarodowych. Jedną z przyczyn, którą analizuje Autor w artykule, jest niewystarczające inwestowanie w rozwój nauki i wsparcie dla małych i średnich firm w sektorze biotechnologii. MSP są najważniejszym elementem rozwoju tego sektora, ponieważ koncentrują się na tworzeniu i rozwoju nowoczesnych produktów biotechnologicznych. Artykuł został podzielony na dwie części: Szanse rozwoju nowoczesnej gospodarki w Polsce bez biotechnologii oraz Edukacja i projekty B+R. Autor finalizuje rozważania, pokazując pozytywny scenariusz dla rozwoju sektora biotechnologicznego w Polsce.Biotechnology uses biological processes in the development of technology or manufacture of a product. It is forecasted that Polish biotechnology industry will exceed very quickly. The technology and science parks in Poland have invested millions Euros to build new laboratories. Polish market is fuelled by increased R&D funding, central and regional governments initiatives. The article on “Polish perspectives of biotechnology development” identifies significant factors for biotechnology project development. It also indicates the examples of government biotechnology initiatives in the world. The author focuses on the statistical analysis of the research and development projects conducted by Polish scientist in scientific laboratories. His main conclusion is that biotechnology will be very important in developing Poland, Polish universities, research and development organizations.Udostępnienie publikacji Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego finansowane w ramach projektu „Doskonałość naukowa kluczem do doskonałości kształcenia”. Projekt realizowany jest ze środków Europejskiego Funduszu Społecznego w ramach Programu Operacyjnego Wiedza Edukacja Rozwój; nr umowy: POWER.03.05.00-00-Z092/17-00
Acceleration of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current by Wind Stress along the Coast of Antarctica
No full textThe influence of wind forcing on variability of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is investigated using a series of eddy-permitting ocean–sea ice models. At interannual and decadal time scales the ACC transport is sensitive to both the mean strength of westerly winds along the ACC circumpolar path, consistent with zonal momentum balance theories, and sensitive to the wind stresses along the coast of Antarctica, consistent with the “free mode” theory of Hughes et al. A linear combination of the two factors explains differences in ACC transport across 11 regional quasi-equilibrium experiments. Repeated single-year global experiments show that the ACC can be robustly accelerated by both processes. Across an ensemble of simulations with realistic forcing over the second half of the twentieth century, interannual ACC transport variability owing to the free-mode mechanism exceeds that due to the zonal momentum balance mechanism by a factor of between 3.5 and 5 to one. While the ACC transport may not accelerate significantly owing to projected increases in along-ACC winds in future decades, significant changes in transport could still occur because of changes in the stress along the coast of Antarctica
Strumenti di valutazione e progettazione delle attività con la LIM
No full textIl capitolo presenta le nuove forme di comunicazione introdotte dalla LIM e le organizzazioni didattiche innovative relative a progettazione e valutazione
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