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    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed

    Variations on the Author

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    “Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship

    Effect of preharvest salt treatment and ozone low concentration on postharvest decay peaches

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    To meet the increasing demand for safe and high quality fresh peaches and the recent food safety regulations is important to embrace a holistic approach combining preand postharvest practices in view of attaining maximum quality and satisfaction at the consumer level. Modern sanitation techniques relying on application of physical methods and/or Generally Recognized As Safe (GRAS) compounds are desired for reducing microbiological spoilage. Ozone has attracted considerable commercial interest, especially because it does not leave any residue on produce and is accepted by many organic grower organizations. The activity of preharvest application of 1% calcium chloride and Fortisol (Citrosol, Valencia, Spain) in combination with postharvest O3 (150 ppb) supply on postharvest rots of peaches cv Notarangelo is reported. Water and fenhexamid (500g/ha a.i.) were used as untreated and chemical control, respectively. Three days after in the field treatment, fruits were harvested and cold-stored for 15 days (3±2°C, 92±5% RH) in presence of conventional or ozonized atmosphere. At the end of storage in both storage conditions no rotted fruits were observed. After three days of storage at 20°C shelf-life, calcium chloride and Fortisol, compared to the untreated control, resulted in a reduction of rots of 34% and 70%, respectively, instead in presence of O3 the reduction was 25 and 48%. Furthermore, in ozonized atmosphere the weight losses was significantly lower as compared to the conventional atmosphere and, consequently, fruits on the whole showed a more fresh appearance. Ozone influenced microbial epiphytic population, being bacteria and filamentous fungi reduced and yeasts increased at the end of cold storage. In addition, the activities of beta-1,3-glucanase, peroxidase, chitinase, and peroxidase were increased in salt treated peach fruits. The combined application of salts and O3 could be an acceptable strategy for preserving postharvest quality of peach fruits
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