177,245 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Inherited prothrombotic states and ischaemic stroke in childhood
No full textObjective: to investigate the prevalence of currently recognised inherited prothrombotic states in a population of children with arterial stroke.Methods: children with arterial stroke presenting to a tertiary level paediatric neurology centre between 1990 and 1996 were investigated for inherited prothrombotic states.Results: sixty seven children with arterial stroke were investigated. Abnormalities were initially identified in 16 patients; however, only eight children (12%) had an inherited prothrombotic state. This was type 1 protein S deficiency in one patient, the factor V Leiden mutation in six, and activated protein C resistance (without the factor V Leiden mutation) in one. The prevalence of the factor V Leiden mutation was not significantly higher in children with arterial stroke (12%) than in a control population of children without thrombosis attending the same institution (5.2%; Fisher's exact test, p = 0.19; difference in prevalence between patients and controls (95% confidence interval) = 6.8% (-2.78% to 16.8%)).Conclusions: currently recognised inherited prothrombotic tendencies were rarely associated with stroke in this group of children, although larger numbers of patients would be needed to confirm this. Age appropriate normal values should be used when interpreting the results of a prothrombotic screen. Prothrombotic abnormalities seen acutely are as often transient as inherited. Longitudinal assessment and family studies are required before low concentrations of an anticoagulant protein found acutely can be attributed to an inherited abnormality.</p
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Discrepancies between ADAMTS13 activity assays in patients with thrombotic microangiopathies
No full textADAMTS13 activity assays are sometimes useful in confirming the clinical diagnosis or to distinguish different thrombotic microangiopathies (TMA). We investigated the commonly used clinical assays for ADAMTS13 activity. 159 samples from normal subjects or acquired TMA patients were studied in collagen binding (CBA), Fret and chromogenic peptide substrate assays. Frozen aliquots of pooled normal plasma gave similar values by CBA, Fret-VWF73 peptide, Fret-VWF86 and chromogenic VWF73 ELISA (chr-VWF73). Two lyophilised commercial calibrants gave lower ADAMTS13 activity by CBA than peptide substrate assays. The addition of solid HEPES to normal plasma caused a significant fall in CBA, but not Fret-VWF73 activity and might partly explain the differences, since lyophilised plasmas are often HEPES buffered. Normal plasmas showed good agreement between CBA and Fret assays, although chr-VWF73 gave slightly higher values. In acquired TMA, there was reasonable agreement between assays for samples with <11% ADAMTS13 activity (83% of samples showed agreement between CBA, Fret-VWF73 and chr-VWF73), but samples with moderate deficiency frequently showed lower CBA levels (only 41-52% agreement). However, there were also some discrepancies among the peptide substrate assays, with Fret-VWF86 sometimes giving slightly higher values than the VWF73 substrate assays. An International reference plasma might improve standardisation, but is not the only problem. It is unclear which assay has greatest clinical utility, this may depend on the nature of the sample. If the activity does not match the clinical picture, an alternative method should be performed. Where therapeutic monitoring is required, the same activity assay should be used throughout
Factor XIII - an under diagnosed deficiency - are we using the right assays?
No full textBACKGROUND: The clot solubility test is the most widely used method for detection of factor (F)XIII deficiency. However, it will only detect severe deficiencies; consequently mild deficiencies and heterozygous states are probably under diagnosed.
OBJECTIVE: As an alternative first-line screening test, we assessed an automated quantitative ammonia release assay (QARA).
PATIENTS/METHODS: Inter-assay imprecision was evaluated with commercial normal and pathological control plasmas (10 replicates on each of 5 days). Using the QARA and other commercial assays a comparative assessment of congenital (FXIII range < 1-70 u dL(-1), n = 9) and acquired (n = 43) deficiencies was made. We also investigated the prevalence of acquired deficiencies in hospitalized patients using residual samples from adult patients (n = 1004) and from a paediatric intensive care unit (ICU, n = 56).
RESULTS: Assay imprecision was acceptably low (normal control: mean 86.6 u dL(-1); cv = 2.0%; pathological control: mean 27.5 u dL(-1); cv = 3.8%). Using an iodoacetamide blanking procedure, the QARA results (FXIII range < 1-70 u dL(-1)) exhibited close agreement with those from an immuno-turbidometric FXIII A-subunit (FXIII-A) method. There was also good correlation (R(2) ≥ 0.89) between the QARA (range 20-180 u dL(-1)), a second chromogenic assay, the FXIII-A and FXIII A+B-subunit ELISA. We found that 21% of samples from adult patients had FXIII levels < 70 u dL(-1) (mean normal ± 2 SD 73-161 u dL(-1)) with 6% < 50 u dL(-1). Within the paediatric ICU samples, 52% were < 70 u dL(-1), with 21% < 50 u dL(-1).
CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrates that the automated assay is sensitive, highly reproducible and the results from clinical samples suggest that acquired FXIII deficiency is a relatively common phenomenon in hospital patients after surgery and in IC
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
The incidence of factor VIII inhibitors in severe haemophilia a following a major product switch in the UK: a prospective controlled study in 1214 previously treated patients
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