683 research outputs found
The Incumbent's Reputation and the Effects of Negative Campaign Advertisement
No full text本研究旨在探討現任者的聲譽高／低以及?性／感性訴求型態，對於負面競選廣告的效果究竟有何影響。作者以實驗設計的方式，分別從廣告發起者是現任者或是挑戰者的?同面向?入，進???個實驗，研究結果發現：當負面廣告的發起人是現任者時，聲譽高的現任者比較?適合使用負面攻擊，因?如此一?，對於自己造成的傷害較大，其?使用感性訴求，則可以使傷害減少，而聲譽低的現任者，?發起負面攻擊，則??是使用?性或是感性訴求，並沒有顯著差?的效果；當負面廣告的發起人是挑戰者時，?其攻擊聲譽高的現任者，會對自己造成較大的傷害，然而，?攻擊聲譽低的，則會產生同情效應，使選民?加支持被攻擊者，因上述?種情況都產生於己??的結果，故挑戰者?適合使用負面競選廣告，?是執意使用，則以使用?性訴求?佳。Negative campaign ads have become an indispensable technique in modern day elections. Particularly for one-to-one elections, it is very common to see various ads attacking the other party, broadcast throughout the media. Although much research has been undertaken examining the effects of negative ads, the results are inconclusive and there are still many important issues worthy of further exploration. This paper investigates the effects of these ads on the incumbent's reputation. It also looks at which types of ads are important but were previously neglected by previous empirical research into negative campaign advertising. Based on the expectancy disconfirmation model and the theory of persuasive knowledge, we infer the hypotheses and conduct two experiments to explore the effects of these variables under different contexts: the ad sponsor being the incumbent or the challenger. Results indicate that when the sponsor is the incumbent, it is not beneficial for the incumbent to use attacking ads, as this leads to an increase in self imposed damage to reputation and a decrease in voters' voting intention to a greater degree than for those with lower reputation. Using emotional appeals would decrease the amount of damage done. As for low reputation incumbents, appealing types of advertisement do not make a significant difference to voter responses. When the ad sponsor was the challenger, attacking the high-reputation incumbent generated boomerang effect, causing greater damage to the sponsor, whilst attacking the low-reputation one would generate the victimsyndrome effect, improving voters' target evaluation, attitude, and voting intention toward the target. Thus it is not suitable for the challenger to use negative campaign ads. If he still decides to go with negative ads, rational appeals are more beneficial for him. Besides deceasing potential for self-inflicted damage, rational appeals would either make voters feel more unfavorable towards the targeted candidate or would maintain voters' political participation intent, depending on the incumbent's reputation. The implications of these and other findings are discussed
Map of the Boston, Concord and Montreal Railroad from Concord to Haverhill, N.H.
No full textMap covers parts of Belknap, Carroll, Grafton, and Merrimac counties, N.H. [From published bibliography]Scale ca. 1:125,000.Relief shown by hachures.Oriented with north toward the lower right.LC Railroad maps, 350Includes inset showing route from the Canadian border to Haverhill, N.H
Solipsism: Understanding Japanese Culture Through the Novel "Namaku Hiroko" by N.H. DINI (A Critical Students Discussion Perspective)
Full text linkThe aim of this research is to reveal the concept of solipsism in understanding Japanese culture in the novel Namaku Hiroko by N.H. Dini. This research raises three main problems, namely; Japanese culture, the author\u27s perspective, and the manifestation of solipsism in literary works. The aim of this research was formulated to find out; 1) the author\u27s perspective on solipsism in Japanese culture, and 2) the form of solipsism itself in literary works. Of course the literary work referred to here is the novel Namaku Hiroko by N.H. Dini. The theory of solipsism is used to understand the experience of the novel writer Namaku Hiroko in understanding culture, including the concepts and perspectives of Japanese culture as depicted in the work of N.H. Dini. Qualitative research methods with a phenomenological approach are used in this research to describe everything related to Japanese culture based on a critical student discussion. This study found that the principle of solipsism exists in Japanese culture as outlined by NH. Dini in Namaku Hiroko
Data of Figure 1 of "Gapless fluctuations and exceptional points in semiconductor lasers"
No full textData of Figure 1 of "Gapless fluctuations and exceptional points in semiconductor lasers" by N.H. Kwong, M.Em. Spotnitz and R. Binder, University of Arizona. The figure shows fluctuation mode spectra (real and imaginary part) of semiconductor lasers. Refer to the publication in Physical Review B for details.For inquiries regarding the contents of this dataset, please contact the Corresponding Author listed in the README.txt file. Administrative inquiries (e.g., removal requests, trouble downloading, etc.) can be directed to [email protected]</p
Optimizing single-molecule experimental approaches for the study of complex protein assemblies on DNA
No full textGreen Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.BN/Nynke Dekker La
Lyman Rutledge of Kittery Point is the author of several books on the Isles of S
No full textLyman Rutledge of Kittery Point is the author of several books on the Isles of Shoals. He started visiting there to conduct chapel services in 1911, and his accumulation of Shoals material is now housed at the Portsmouth, N.H., Public Library
A Singular Perspective on Chromosomal Replication: Studying Life Cells by Employing a Multi-disciplinary Approach
No full textInvestigating DNA replication in live E. coli cells using fluorescence microscopy and microfluidics.BionanoscienceApplied Science
Nano- and micro-fabrication for single-molecule biological studies
No full textHeterogeneity is a general feature in biological system. In order to avoid possible misleading effects of ensemble averaging, and to ensure a correct understanding of the biological system, it is very important to look into individuals, such as a single bio-molecule or a single cell, for details. The size of a single bio-molecule/cell typically ranges from nanometer to micrometer scale. Therefore, the tools for study single-molecule/cell often consist of nano- and micro-features. The power of nanotechnology is such that it is possible to fabricate a wide variety of nano- and micro-scale structures and devices, which find more and more frequent application as powerful tools for biophysical studies of single-molecule/cell. This thesis reports several nano- and micro-fabricated structures that I, together with my colleagues, have developed for biophysical studies at single-molecule/cell level: (1) Nanofabricated zero-mode waveguides for single-molecule fluorescence experiments at biologically-relevant high concentrations; (2) Microfabricated mirrors for three-dimensional fluorescence imaging and tracking of single molecule / particle; (3) Microfabricated polydimethylsiloxane-based microfluidics device for studying submicron-scale bacteria (4) Microfabricated birefringent cylinders for use in optical torque wrench to study torsional properties of single biomolecules. Our main interest in zero-mode waveguide lies in its powerful potential to study single telomerase at work by visualizing individual incorporation of dye-labeled nucleotides. We have successfully developed several key fundamental elements towards single-molecule fluorescence studies of telomerase in ZMW: we have designed a biotin-labeled oligonucleotide specifically for human telomerase assay in ZMW - it can be immobilized on the ZMW floor via its biotin group, and it has the highest affinity for base-pairing with telomerase. We have also designed and acquired two types of special modified nucleotides for this assay: fluorescently phospholinked nucleotides (TMR-?-dATP and Atto532-dG6P), and we have demonstrated that both phospholinked nucleotides can be incorporated processively by human telomerase. We have constructed an optical setup specifically for single-molecule fluorescence studies in ZMWs. This setup can operates in two different modes, namely, massive parallel detection mode (using wide-field illumination and EMCCD detection), and high-speed single spot mode (using focused illumination spot and APD for high speed detection). We have successfully developed methods for nano-fabrication of ZMWs. We have also performed extensive characterizations on our ZMW devices using SEM (device geometric profiles), and FCS (detection volume, fluorophore working concentration). Our characterization results show that we are able to controlledly fabricate ZMWs with a suitable size (ca. 80nm in diameter) for single-molecule fluorescent studies at biologically relevant concentration (> 1?M), which is very important for meaningful studies of telomerase kinetics. Finally, we have demonstrated a method for successful surface treatment of ZMWs, by which the DNA substrates can be tethered specifically onto the glass floor of ZMWs, and more importantly, the non-specific transient adsorption of labeled nucleotides on ZMW surfaces has been reduced to a sufficient low level (one order of magnitude lower than the typical rate of nucleotide incorporation). Microfabricated mirror is one of the most promising tools for high-precision 3D imaging and particle tracking. We have developed a method based on electron beam lithography and wet etching of single-crystal silicon for the fabrication of V-groove micromirrors. 54.7°-symmetric V-groove micromirror was fabricated using regular (100) silicon wafer. To fabricate a mirror facet 45° relative to wafer surface, an off-axis cut silicon wafer ( off 9.7° to ) was used. We have demonstrated that our V-groove micromirrors could be assembled into flow cell structures for imaging single fluorescent particles. We have also been developing a novel algorithm based on maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) for 3D tracking of single molecule/particle using micromirrors. Our simulation results demonstrated that our MLE tracking method outperformed center-of-mass tracking method as developed by Berglund et al. The ability to restrict the movement of cells in a controlled manner using microfluidics, allows one to study individual cells and gain added insight into aspects of their physiology and behaviour that can potentially be hidden in ensemble averaging experiments. We have developed a novel protocol based on electron beam lithography together with specific dry etching procedures for the fabrication of a microfluidic device suited to study submicron-sized bacteria. In comparison to approaches based on conventional optical lithography, our method provides greater versatility and control of the dimensions of the growth channels while satisfying the rapid-prototyping needs in a research environment. The widths of the submicron growth channels allow for the potential immobilization and study of different size bacteria with widths ranging from 0.3 ?m to 0.8 ?m. We verified by means of SEM that these structures are successfully transferred from Si into polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) as well as from PDMS into PDMS. As a proof-of-principle, we demonstrated that the bacterium L. lactis can successfully be loaded and imaged over a number of generations in this device. Similar devices could potentially be used to study other submicron-sized organisms under conditions where the height and shape of the growth channels are crucial to the experimental design. The Optical Torque Wrench (OTW) is a special type of optical tweezers (OT) that uses birefringent dielectric particles, and has proved to be one of the most promising tools for torsional manipulation and torque measurement of single biomolecules. The main difference between OTW and conventional OT is that OTW uses a birefringent dielectric particle, which can be rotated by controlling the polarization of trapping laser, and therefore is able to apply and measure torque on the biomolecule attaching to the particle. We describe the use of electron beam lithography for the design, fabrication and functionalization of micron-scale birefringtent quartz cylinders. We demonstrate excellent control of the cylinders’ geometry, fabricating cylinders with heights of 0.5–2 ?m and diameters of 200–500 nm with high precision while maintaining control of their side-wall angle. The flexible fabrication allows cylinders to be selectively shaped into conical structures or to include centered protrusions for the selective attachment of biomolecules. The latter is facilitated by straightforward functionalization targeted either to a cylinder’s face or to the centered protrusion alone. The fabricated quartz cylinders are characterized in an optical torque wrench, permitting correlation of their geometrical properties to measured torques. In addition, we tether individual DNA molecules to the functionalized cylinders and demonstrate the translation and rotational control required for single-molecule studies. By using micron-scale birefringent particles, OTW has the ability to measure torque of the order of kBT (~4 pN\u95nm), which is especially important in the study of biophysical systems at the molecular and cellular level. Quantitative torque measurements rely on an accurate calibration of the instrument. We have described and performed various methods of OTW calibration, some with direct OT analog and others developed specifically for the angular variables. Overall, the different methods lead to close results, which also agree with the theoretical prediction for the particle drag coefficient. However, the absolute values of the variables measured by the instrument should be expected to depend on the details of calibration method chosen. Motivated by the potential of the OTW to access the fast rotational dynamics of biological systems, a result of its all-optical manipulation and detection, we focus on the angular dynamics of the trapped birefringent particle, demonstrating its excitability in the vicinity of a critical point. This links the optical torque wrench to nonlinear dynamical systems such as neuronal and cardiovascular tissues, nonlinear optics and chemical reactions, all of which display an excitable binary (‘all-or-none’) response to input perturbations. On the basis of this dynamical feature, we devise and implement a conceptually new sensing technique capable of detecting single perturbation events with high signal-to-noise ratio and continuously adjustable sensitivity. Last but not least, we describe our efforts towards the study of single bacterial flagellar motor in OTW, which is one of our main interests in developing OTW technology. Bacterial flagellar motor is one of the most interesting and most complex molecular machines. Torque generation plays a crucial role in its functionality. Our progresses towards the study of torque generation in flagellar motor using OTW include: (1) A controlled functionalization of quartz cylinders has been developed for attaching a cylinder to a spinning flagellum, and importantly with the flagellum tethered to the cylinder’s center to avoid precession; (2) A theoretical framework has been developed to describe the rotational kinetics of a flagellum-tethered cylinder in the OTW. (3) A novel fabrication approach has been developed for nano-fabrication of birefringent particles using TiO2 rutile, which has a birefringence 32 times larger than quartz. This will enlarge the range of rotational frequency in which the flagellar motor can be studied in OTW; (4) A possible alternative construction of OTW based on circular polarized light for producing constant torque has been considered, and a method for calibration of such construction is also been discussed theoretically.Kavli Institute of NanoscienceApplied Science
Genetic Algorithms: Genesis of Stock Evaluation
Full text linkThe uncertainty of predicting stock prices emanates pre-eminent concerns around the functionality of the stock market. The possibility of utilising Genetic Algorithms to forecast the momentum of stock price has been previously explored by many optimisation models that have subsequently addressed much of the scepticism. In this paper the author proposes a methodology based on Genetic Algorithms and individual data maximum likelihood estimation using logit model arguing that forecasting discrepancy can be rationalised by combined approximation of both the approaches. Thus this paper offers a methodological overture to further investigate the anomalies surrounding stock market. In the main, this paper attempts to provide a temporal dimension of the methods transposed on recurrent series of data over a fixed window conjecturereGenetic Algorithms, Individual Maximum Likelihood Estimation, Stock Price
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