1,720,962 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Feeding ecology and competition of Atlantic vulnerable marine ecosystems
No full textThis presentation was part of WP2: functional ecosystems at the 4th ATLAS General Assembly. </p
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Eco-physiological responses of cold-water corals to anthropogenic sedimentation and particle shape
No full textCold-water coral habitats have been known to science for centuries, but only recently have scientists stated to study them. Among these habitats, also soft corals are found, and they have been even less investigated than the more well known stony corals. Some of the aspects that are known about these habitats is that they have very slow growth rates, they are also associated with high species-diversity and they are sensitive to anthropogenic disturbances. One anthropogenic disturbance that might occur is excessive sedimentation, from activities such as mine tailing disposal to the marine environment by the mining industry. Particles contained in the tailings are sharper than natural occurring sediments, thus the morphology of the particles could also affect soft corals. Two soft corals: Duva florida and Primnoa resedaeformis were chosen as model organisms to study the effects of excessive sedimentation and the corresponding effect of particle shape. Corals were exposed to a sediment concentration of 18 mg L-1 of two type of sediment.The first type was rough edged mine tailings (MT) and the second, smooth edged spherical glass beads (GB), both with particle size distribution was 0-63µm. The experiments lasted for 3 months. Sedimentation effects were investigated using 13C/12C isotope ratio to assess food intake, effects on the tissue and behavior were determined with time lapse pictures, and histological samples to enumerate and identify particles inside the polyps. Food intake decreased significantly in D. florida and increased significantly in P. resedaeformis, exposed to mine tailings. Duva. florida exhibited a behavioral response with the whole specimen being contracted for longer periods of time under MT treatment. Primnoa resedaeformis lost significantly bigger proportion of polyps than control individuals under both mine tailing and glass bead treatments. Histological samples showed onlymine tailing particles of sizes between 0-10µm embedded in the tissue of both species. The results suggest that sharp small particles are more harmful than smooth edged particles. The results of this study could aid to create guidelines for management of cold-water soft coral habitats in regard to anthropogenic sedimentation disturbance
Evaluating competition, interactions and trait differences between vulnerable marine ecosystem taxa in climate changing ocean: laboratory studies on flow and feeding responses by gorgonians (Condor seamount) and cold-water scleractinian corals, sponges and bivalves (Norwegian shelf).
Full text linkCold-water corals reefs, gardens and sponge grounds are vulnerable marine ecosystems (VMEs) as defined by UN resolution 61/105. These VMEs are protected from destructive fishing practices and are recognised due to the biodiversity they support. However, despite such international policy imperatives, we lack even basic understanding of ecological interactions between VME indicator taxa. For example, we do not understand how co-occurring VME indicator species interact or compete with each other under different conditions, such as water flow and food concentrations, both of which are likely to change in direct response to climate change. This thesis aimed to evaluate competition and trait differences underlying VME indicator species.
Taxa co-occurring in 2 different VMEs were tested under laboratory conditions. From the Condor Seamount (Azores archipelago) the octocorals Viminella flagellum and Dentomuricea meteor, were compared according to two traits: skeletal composition and sclerite shape and size. Viminella flagellum and D. meteor were also tested for competition interactions under 2 different flow regimes. From the Norwegian continental shelf, feeding efficiency, particle size and type preference under varying flow and natural food conditions was measured for species with different feeding strategies/traits (active and passive suspension feeders). The tested species include a scleractinian coral (Lophelia pertusa), demosponges (Geodia barretti, Phakellia ventilabrum and Stryphnus sp.) and a bivalve (Acesta excavata). The different traits found in co-occurring species can represent different strategies permitting them to exploit and withstand the variable a-biotic and food supply conditions, meaning they can niche partition.
Differences in feeding efficiency are more evident when comparing across taxa than individual species, reinforcing that trait differences are crucial and should be taken into consideration. Trends suggest that different species have preferences for different subsets of the natural occurring seston, which could be mediated by the different traits. Understanding the preferences of different species, and relating them to the predicted changes in food composition availability and flow changes will help refine future species distribution models and ecosystem functioning of VMEs in a changing ocean. Evidence highlights how exclusive competition could occur under specific conditions between the study species. The findings suggest other interactions besides competition should be taken into account when studying coexisting species, for example facilitating cascades and nutrient recycling. Species interactions should be taken into account when performing species distribution models in order to better predict the effect of changing conditions in ecosystem functioning
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