306,555 research outputs found
Lick-responsive neurons.
No full text(a-c) Three example neurons that are modulated at first lick or reward. Raster plots (top) and PSTHs (bottom) of odor-aligned (left) or lick-aligned (right) trials. Red lines depict odor onset and offset; blue dots depict lick times. Green dots represent the end of the response period. (d) Proportion of the total number of neurons recorded with significant task-relevant responses. (e) Proportion of neurons in each session (circles) with lick-on up and lick-on down responses. Average proportions are above each group. Error bars and shading represent mean +/− SEM. The underlying data for this figure are available for download from https://datadryad.org/stash/share/bC3NdXWDllJZYrRtq60q0WDQYhjZZuLulv91dm9WcYU. (TIF)</p
French Lick Springs Hotel
No full textA used postcard of the Famous Pluto Spring in French Lick, Indiana. Written on the back, left side, "Have not got any thing done to your waists will get at them next week and if nothing hapens Ethel and I will come out next Thursday or Friday. have got my house cleaning all done but my kitchen but it is papered Mary had not told me I was so supprised you can come in Sunday any how. Clara." Written on the back, right side, "Miss E. A. Hamaker, Blacklick, Ohio, R.F.D." One cent postage stamp of Benjamin Franklin on the back, upper right corner. Postmarked on April 5, 1910.Postcard of the Famous Pluto Spring in French Lick, Indiana
Field Guide to Big Bone Lick, Kentucky: Birthplace of American Vertebrate Paleontology
No full textBig Bone Lick is the birthplace of vertebrate paleontology in the Western Hemisphere and has a long and celebrated history in the exploration of the American colonial frontier and of the early United States. Notable European scientists of the 18th century such as Buffon, Cuvier, and Hunter discussed the fossils found there. Prominent Americans of the time, such as Boone, Washington, Franklin, and Jefferson are also part of the site’s history. It is the type locality for several extinct late Pleistocene megafaunal mammals, most notably the iconic American Mastodon, who were attracted to the area by salt licks dictated by the local geology. The valley of Big Bone Creek was unglaciated during the Wisconsinan advance and numerous saline springs well up through fractured bedrock of the Cincinnati Arch, providing essential minerals for the physiology of mammalian herbivores. The fossil remains at Big Bone Lick are an attritional assemblage, apparently including those that are the result of Native American predation. Archaeological remains from all local Native American cultural periods have also been found at the lick. The site is perhaps most notable in the history of science for its role in the development of comparative morphology and the establishment of the concept of extinction.
This special publication reflects research and scholarship produced in conjunction with the April 2022 joint North-Central and Southeastern section meeting of the Geological Society of America. As the authors are not Kentucky Geological Survey staff, the work described herein is not a product of KGS scholarship or explicitly reflective of KGS views. Additionally, cited historical documents included in this publication may include biased language or views that misrepresent indigenous cultures.https://uknowledge.uky.edu/kgs_sp/1000/thumbnail.jp
Le biblioteche del futuro, secondo Lick
No full textJoseph Licklider (conosciuto da amici e allievi come Lick), psicologo sperimentale, esperto di psicoacustica, inizia dagli anni 50 a interessarsi ai computer sia come strumento di archiviazione di dati che come "cervello" elettronico in grado di evolvere. A seguito del fondamentale articolo del 1960 (Man-Computer Symbiosis) avviene il passaggio di Lick alla ricerca anche in campo della Teoria dell'informazione. Come responsabile della sezione informatica dell'Agenzia governativa ARPA, dà avvio a ricerche e progetti che porteranno alla prima rete telematica, Arpanet, nel 1968. In questi anni fertili, anche il libro pubblicato presso MIT U.P., Libraries of the future, 1965, su cui si sofferma il presente contributo. Le biblioteche del futuro sono, secondo Lick, le banche dati. Preveggente e sapiente, Lick può essere considerato un esempio dell'intellettuale e del ricercatore contemporaneo, tra le due culture, consapevole delle istanze democratiche e sensibile alle ragioni dell'arte
A detailed study of the reflection nebula, NGC 7023
No full textPolarisation and intensity maps in three broad wavebands are presented for the reflection nebula NGC7023. The data are used to investigate the structure, dust distribution and grain characteristics of the material surrounding the central illuminating star HD200775 of the reflection nebula. Calculations have been made, using a Monte-Carlo technique, for various parameters representing the structure and content of the nebula to predict and explain the observed measurements. The successful description of the observations puts severe restrictions on the nebular parameters. It is found that the geometry of the nebula is in the form of an extended cloud with a foreground conical cavity in which the illuminating star is situated. The dust grains are required to have a power law size distribution of the form n(a) = a(^4.05) and grain material corresponding to silicates is most likely although ice cannot be excluded
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Lick latency across trial types.
No full text(a) Distribution of all lick latencies. In subsequent analyses, licks occurring before 500 ms (1.7% of all licks) were excluded. (b) Trial-type lick latency differences. Marginal mean lick latency by trial type from a 3-way ANOVA with trial type, mouse, and session. Main effect of trial type: F(20288,3) = 176.3, P = 7.2 × 10−133. Main effect of mouse F(20288,3) = 853.9, P = 0. Main effect of session F(20288,3) = 973.2, P = 9.6 × 10−209. Post hoc Bonferroni tests between trial types shown with asterisks. (c) Marginal mean lick latency for each mouse by trial type from a 2-way ANOVA with trial type and session. All mice showed a main effect of trial type (P −20 in all mice). Post hoc Bonferroni tests between trial types shown with asterisks. * P P P (d) Lick latency distributions for all trials of target, nontarget, nontarget repeats, and probe trials, for each of the 4 mice. (e) Lick latencies for all target trials and (f) nontarget trials, separately for correct and incorrect trials. Only trials during probe sessions were used. (g) Left axis: A histogram of lick latencies during probe sessions by trial type. 100 ms bins. Right axis: The proportion of correct trials as a function of lick latency. Only probe sessions were used. The last data point includes latencies of 1,200–2,200 ms. Shading represents mean +/− SEM. In panels b-g, we only considered trials in which the first lick came more than 500 ms after odor onset. The underlying data for this figure are available for download from https://datadryad.org/stash/share/bC3NdXWDllJZYrRtq60q0WDQYhjZZuLulv91dm9WcYU. (TIF)</p
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Fault, Navajo sandstone (right), Carmel formation (left), head of box canyon in Lick Wash. Kane County, UT, 1940
No full textPhoto shows a fault at the head of box canyon in Lick Wash. Kane County, Utah, in 1940. Geology: Navajo sandstone (right), Carmel formation (left). Photograph from Herbert E. Gregory Book 11: Colorado Plateau, 1938-194
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A.E. Whitford: Directorship of Lick Observatory, 1958-1968
No full textDr. Whitford was director of the Lick Observatory on Mt. Hamilton from 1959 to 1968. These were transitional years in the history of Lick Observatory. Dr. Whitford oversaw the completion of the 120-inch telescope, and the evolution of Lick Observatory from an independent campus of the University of California, to a sub-unit of the UC Berkeley Campus in 1958, to its incorporation as part of the new UC Santa Cruz campus on November 20, 1964. Whitford's narration not only covers the history of Lick Observatory during this period but also key figures and developments in the science of astronomy itself
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