1,720,975 research outputs found
Perspective in the Social Studies of Science and Technology in the United States context
No full textFil: Licha, Isabel. Universidad Central de Venezuela; VenezuelaEl objetivo del artículo es realizar una caracterización de las tendencias actuales en los estudios sociales de la ciencia y la tecnología en el contexto de los Estados Unidos de Norteamérica. Se manifiestan de ese modo dos focos de discusión centrales. En el interior de los campos académicos encontramos la oposición entre los "constructivistas" y los "críticos" en torno a una problematización adecuada de la ciencia y la tecnología.
En su exterior cobran relevancia central las polémicas existentes referidas a las políticas de propiedad intelectual en l+D y sus consecuencias. El artículo concluye con el análisis de las implicaciones de estos debates para la comunidad académica latinoamericana que trabaja en el campo de los EscyT.The aim of this article is to characterize current trends in the So-cial Studies of Science and Technology in the United States context.Two central focal points are thus manifested. Within the academic fields, we find the opposition between "contructivists" and "critics" about an adequate problematization of science and technology. Without them, current polemics on intellectual property in Research and Development, and their consequences, gain fundamental relevance.
The paper ends with an analysis of the implications of these debates for the Latin American community working on the field of Social Studies on Science and Technolog
Citizens in Charge: Managing Local Budgets in East Asia and Latin America
No full textThis book presents the papers discussed during the seminar "Citizen Participation in the Context of Fiscal Decentralization", which took place in Tokyo and Kobe in September 2002. The seminar was carried out through the support of the Japan Program of the Inter-American Development Bank in coordination with the Inter-American Institute for Social Development (INDES). The papers present case studies at the municipal level in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, and Peru in Latin America, and Indonesia, Malaysia, and the Philippines in East Asia. The seminar brought together Asian and Latin American researchers and practitioners to discuss experiences of citizen participation in local government decisions during the 1990s. As the chapters in this volume show, decentralization is a vibrant process. It is taking place in Latin America and East Asia under conditions, scope, and speed that vary widely between countries within each region and certainly between the two regions. Nevertheless, in both Latin America and East Asia, decentralization has increased citizen participation at the local government level. Participation is accompanied by challenges and opportunities for governments and civil society alike to reap the best possible results of this strong phenomenon. Income inequality is an important element that appears to influence the type of participation in which citizens engage at the local level. In Latin America, where inequality is high, citizen participation often focuses on the process of fiscal resource allocation; the effort is to reverse inequality through influence on spending. In East Asia, where inequality is lower and seems to be declining, the sector priorities of civil society groups tend to drive citizen participation. An important conclusion of the seminar participants from both regions is that fiscal decentralization and citizen participation in the affairs of local governments are strong processes that are probably irreversible, as citizens look for means of expanding democratic spaces. It is therefore important to understand these movements and to try to facilitate them in a manner that enhances development and the effectiveness of governments in increasing the wellbeing of all citizens. INDES is pleased to be able to present the results of another joint venture with the Japan Program in this series of comparative explorations of key social and economic issues and their impact on development. These studies contribute to an interesting and productive transfer of knowledge between Asia and Latin America.
Gerencia social en América Latina: Enfoques y experiencias innovadoras
No full textConjunto de trabajos sobre experiencias innovadoras y diferentes enfoques de gerencia social presentados en el Primer Seminario Latinoamericano sobre Gerencia Social Innovadora, que tuvo lugar en Asunción, Paraguay, 18 y 19 de octubre de 1999
Gerencia social en América Latina: Enfoques y experiencias innovadoras
No full textConjunto de trabajos sobre experiencias innovadoras y diferentes enfoques de gerencia social presentados en el Primer Seminario Latinoamericano sobre Gerencia Social Innovadora, que tuvo lugar en Asunción, Paraguay, 18 y 19 de octubre de 1999
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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