6 research outputs found
Solve a Complex Issue with The BRIDGE
No full textComplex issues in work, school, community or life can significantly impact productivity, performance, and goal attainment. Collective brainpower can many times be the best way to creatively solve the issues. The BRIDGE is a tool that communities, businesses, educators, staff, volunteers, and youth can use to structure the collection of those creative ideas and streamline the process for developing an implementation plan. The BRIDGE fluidly incorporates adaptations of several organization analysis tools designed by business scholars arranged in a logical flow: Covey's Circle of Control/Influence, Lewin's Force Field Analysis, SWOT, and Kotter's Change Model. The BRIDGE model supports the research of Welsh scholar David Snowden and his Cynefin Decision Making Framework. Snowden contends that different situations require different responses to successfully navigate them. His framework interprets complexity theory with four domains of decision making: obvious, complicated, complex and chaotic. Decisions in the complex domain require experimentation and creativity to come up with a new approach. The BRIDGE model lends itself well to solving those complex decisions. The BRIDGE has been used to solve complex issues with a variety of groups: 1) a nonprofit start-up created structure, policies and procedures to run their new organization; 2) a 4-H group identified a new training program; 3) a focus group of leaders in the long-term services and supports industry identified talent development as a critical concern, which led to the creation of two new non-credit curricula to improve workforce skills; 4) a training department for a for-profit company developed a plan for management approval to implement a new initiative; 5) an FFA chapter developed several service learning projects for their school and community and at the same time learned valuable critical-thinking skills; and 6) a trucking company created a strategic plan to lead the company into a new phase of services. The BRIDGE model actively engages groups of diverse people. The structure of the process allows for dynamic exchange of ideas that are captured on idea cards and ultimately churn and meld into synthesized solutions supported by the entire group.AUTHOR AFFILIATION: Myra Wilson, program director, Ohio State Alber Enterprise Center, [email protected] (Corresponding Author); Cynthia Bond, assistant professor and OSU Extension educator, community development; David Marrison, associate professor and OSU Extension educator, agriculture and natural resources; Emily Marrison, OSU Extension educator, family and consumer sciences; Amanda Woods, Healthy Finances program specialist, OSU Extension family and consumer sciences; Kyle White, OSU Extension area leader and educator, community developmentComplex issues in work, school, community, or life can significantly impact productivity, performance, and goal attainment. Collective brainpower can many times be the best way to creatively solve issues. The BRIDGE is a tool that communities, businesses, educators, staff, volunteers, and youth can use to structure the collection of those creative ideas and streamline the process for developing an implementation plan. The BRIDGE model actively engages groups of diverse people. The structure of the process allows for dynamic exchange of ideas that are captured on idea cards and ultimately churn and meld into synthesized solutions supported by the entire group. Learn how you can become a certified facilitator of The BRIDGE
Probabilistic risk assessment modelling for passenger aircraft fire safety
No full textThis thesis describes the development
of a computer simulation model
for the
investigation
of airliner
fire
accident safety.
The
aim of the work
has been to create a computer-based analysis tool that generates
representative aircraft accident scenarios and then simulates their outcome
in terms of
passenger injuries
and
fatalities. The details
of the accident scenarios are
formulated
to closely match the type of events that are
known to have
occurred
in
aircraft
accidents over the last 40
years.
This information has been obtained
by
compiling a
database
and undertaking
detailed
analysis of approximately
200
airliner
fire
accidents. In
addition to utilising
historical data, the modelling work
has incorporated
many of the key findings
obtained
from
experimental research undertaken
by the
world's air safety community.
An
unusual
feature of the simulation process is that all critical aspects of the accident
scenario have been analysed and catered for in the formative
stages of the programme
development. This has
enabled complex effects, such as cabin crash
disruption,
impact trauma injuries, fire
spread, smoke
incapacitation
and passenger evacuation to
be
simulated
in
a
balanced and
integrated manner.
The
study
is intended to further the general appreciation and understanding of the
complex events that lead to fatalities in
aircraft
fire
accidents.
This is
achieved
by
analysing all contributory
factors that are
likely to arise
in
real
fire
accident scenarios
and undertaking quantitative risk assessment through the use of novel simulation
methods. Future development
of the research could potentially enable the undertaking
of a systematic exploration and appraisal of the effectiveness of
both
current and
future
aircraft
fire
safety policies
Emerging infrastructure policy issues in developing countries - a survey of the recent economic literature
No full textThe author reviews the recent economic research on emerging issues for infrastructure policies affecting poor people in developing countries. His main purpose is to identify some of the challenges the international community, and donors in particular, are likely to have to address over the next few years. He addresses six main issues: (1) the necessity of infrastructure in achieving the Millennium Development Goals; (2) the various dimensions of financing challenges for infrastructure; (3) the debate on the relative importance of urban and rural infrastructure needs; (4) the debate on the effectiveness of infrastructure decentralization; (5) what works and what does not when trying to target the needs of the poor, with an emphasis on affordability and regulation challenges; and (6) the importance of governance and corruption in the sector. The author concludes by showing how the challenges identified define a relatively well integrated agenda for both researchers and the international infrastructure community.Health Economics&Finance,Decentralization,Banks&Banking Reform,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Health Economics&Finance,Public Sector Economics&Finance,Environmental Economics&Policies,Poverty Assessment
The Unionist Party and the First World War
No full textPhDFilling the historiographical gap created by an overemphasis upon its rival
Liberal and Labour parties, this study analyses the part played by the war in
shaping Unionist (later Conservative) fortunes between 1914-18. The first two
chapters consider the internal party dynamic between leaders, MPs and
grassroots supporters, and scrutinise the effect of war upon the central tenets of
the Unionist Party (most especially Ireland). The third and fourth chapters
concentrate. respectively upon the party's reaction to the threat of socialism and
Bolshevism, and the response to the onset of a mass electorate and of class
politics in 1918. The fifth chapter investigates the party's approach to state
intervention during the war and its immediate aftermath.
The thesis shows that a primary Unionist response to the rise of the Labour Party
was the construction of an appeal based on the wartime link between patriotism
and anti-socialism. Bolstered by state propaganda and the press, this served to
clarify the party's approach through into the 1920s and to counter the Labour
Party at a crucial juncture in its evolution. It shows how patriotism preserved the
unity of Unionism and shaped its ideological development. Patriotism also
dictated the primacy accorded to economic, social and national efficiency, and
thus shaped responses generated towards post-war reconstruction, most notably
in the emphasis upon competition along international rather than internal lines.
Moreover, because the `total' war was viewed as placing exceptional but
temporary demands upon the economy and society, the party was able to adapt
itself to war and post-war challenges in a flexible manner distinct from that of its
counterparts. This however determined that the coalition with Lloyd George and
notions of reconstruction were also viewed principally as short-term necessities
to ensure military victory and social stability in the immediate years of recovery.
Taken together, these conclusions illustrate the Conservative Party's organic
ideological development into a group committed to the protection of property,
and its willingness to utilise the means of the state and propaganda to make its
anti-socialist message a viable goal
Impact of opioid-free analgesia on pain severity and patient satisfaction after discharge from surgery: multispecialty, prospective cohort study in 25 countries
No full textBackground: Balancing opioid stewardship and the need for adequate analgesia following discharge after surgery is challenging. This study aimed to compare the outcomes for patients discharged with opioid versus opioid-free analgesia after common surgical procedures. Methods: This international, multicentre, prospective cohort study collected data from patients undergoing common acute and elective general surgical, urological, gynaecological, and orthopaedic procedures. The primary outcomes were patient-reported time in severe pain measured on a numerical analogue scale from 0 to 100% and patient-reported satisfaction with pain relief during the first week following discharge. Data were collected by in-hospital chart review and patient telephone interview 1 week after discharge. Results: The study recruited 4273 patients from 144 centres in 25 countries; 1311 patients (30.7%) were prescribed opioid analgesia at discharge. Patients reported being in severe pain for 10 (i.q.r. 1-30)% of the first week after discharge and rated satisfaction with analgesia as 90 (i.q.r. 80-100) of 100. After adjustment for confounders, opioid analgesia on discharge was independently associated with increased pain severity (risk ratio 1.52, 95% c.i. 1.31 to 1.76; P < 0.001) and re-presentation to healthcare providers owing to sideeffects of medication (OR 2.38, 95% c.i. 1.36 to 4.17; P = 0.004), but not with satisfaction with analgesia (β coefficient 0.92, 95% c.i. -1.52 to 3.36; P = 0.468) compared with opioid-free analgesia. Although opioid prescribing varied greatly between high-income and lowand middle-income countries, patient-reported outcomes did not. Conclusion: Opioid analgesia prescription on surgical discharge is associated with a higher risk of re-presentation owing to side-effects of medication and increased patient-reported pain, but not with changes in patient-reported satisfaction. Opioid-free discharge analgesia should be adopted routinely
