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Economic value of ecosystem services (cultural) of the lake Peipsi. Benefit transfer method
No full textKäesoleva bakalaureusetöö eesmärk oli anda ülevaade Peipsi järve ökosüsteemi kultuuriteenustest
ja sealhulgas nende rahalisest väärtusest. Eesmärkide saavutamiseks olid püstitatud järgmised
ülesanded:
Selgitada järve kui loodusressursi olemust ning anda ülevaade nendest teenustest,
mida järved pakuvad.
Anda ülevaade ökosüsteemiteenuse majandusliku hindamise meetoditest.
Arvutada Peipsi järve kultuuriteenuse majandusliku väärtus, kasutades tulu ülekande
meetodit.
Peipsi järv kui loodusressurs, on oma looduse ning loomastiku mitmekesisusega tugevaks
turismimagnetiks nii sise- kui ka välisturistidele. Kultuuriteenuseid, mida järv külastajatele pakub,
on järgnevad:
Turism – liikumine ning matkamine looduses, linnuvaatlused, rattamatkad,
jalgsimatkad, kalapüük, jahindus, puhkamine jne.
Rekreatsioon – ujumine, jooksmine, aerutamine, veesport, sukeldumine, sportlik
kalapüük.
Teadustöö – uurimuslikud tegevused, mis hõlmavad järve ökosüsteeme.
Tööhõive – peamine valdkond on kalastus (kutseline kalapüük) ning kalatööstused.
Kultuuripärand – kohalike kommete tundmine, erinevad uskumused jms.
Haridustegevus – teadlikkuse tõstmine veeökosüsteemidest ning nende elurikkusest.
Erinevad hariduse omandamise võimalused.
Spirituaalsed väärtused – isiklikud muljed ning heaolu.
Ökosüsteemiteenuse majandusliku hindamise meetodina kasutas autor tulu ülekande meetodit.
Tulu ülekande meetodit kasutatakse avaliku hüve väärtuse hindamiseks, võrreldes seda teise,
sarnase, juba hinnatud tuluga. Eelmainitud meetodi kasutamise eelis on selle odavus ning kiirus.
Juba teostatud analoogse uuritud objekti andmed kantakse üle uuritavale objektile. Lisauuringute
vajadus puudub. Kui samalaadne uuring on eelnevalt teostatud on ka vastavad andmed kergelt
kättesaadavad. Samas võib takistuseks saada sarnaste uuringute kättesaadavuse puudumine (ei ole
teostatud sarnaseid uuringuid). Tulu ülekande meetodi kasutamise puuduseks on ka eelnevate
sarnaste uuringute täpsus. Arvestada tuleb eelneva uuringu geograafilisi ning majanduslikke
aspekte.
Töö tulemusena selgitati välja, et Peipsi järve kultuuriteenuse, harrastuskalastus majanduslik
väärtus. Paadirendi kohta Peipsi järvel puuduvad andmed, seega selle teenuse majanduslikku
väärtust ei olnud võimalik leida.
Tulemusi kokku võttes saab öelda, et tulu ülekande meetod ei sobi kultuuriteenuste väärtuse
hindamiseks. Kõigepealt seetõttu, et järvede kultuuriteenuste rahalise väärtuse kohta on tehtud
väga vähe uuringuid nii, et puudub tulu ülekande võimalus. Teiseks, teadusartiklite otsingu
tulemusel selgus, et tulu ülekande meetodil kultuuriteenuste majanduslikku väärtust ei ole leidnud
ka teised autorid. Kolmandaks, otsides andmeid Peipsi järve kultuuriteenuste tarbijate kohta
selgus, et andmeid on väga lünklikud.
Autori soovitus on, et ei ole mõtet tulu ülekande meetodit rakendada järvede kultuuriteenuste
majandusliku väärtuse leidmiseks, kuna puuduvad algandmed. Järgmistele uurijatele soovitan
kasutada selleks reisikulu meetodit.
Käesoleva bakalaureusetöö ülesanded selgitada järve kui loodusressursi olemust ning anda
ülevaade nendest teenustest, mida järved pakuvad ja anda ülevaade ökosüsteemiteenuse
majandusliku hindamise meetoditest, said täidetud. Töö kolmas ülesanne - arvutada Peipsi järve
kultuuriteenuse majandusliku väärtus, kasutades tulu ülekande meetodit, sai täidetud osaliselt,
kuna leiti ainult ühe kultuuriteenuse (harrastuskalapüük) majanduslik väärtus. Kokkuvõttes sai töö
eesmärk - anda ülevaade Peipsi järve ökosüsteemi kultuuriteenustest ja sealhulgas nende
rahalisest väärtusest – täidetud. Samas jäi piisavalt Peipsi järve kultuuriteenuseid (6 tükki), millele
edaspidi majanduslikku väärtust leida.The aim of this Bachelor's Thesis is to present an overview of the cultural services offered in the
ecosystem of Lake Peipsi, including their financial value. To reach this goal, the following tasks
have been set:
To explain the nature of a lake as a natural resource and to give an overview of the
services that a lake can offer.
To give an overview of the methods of the economic evaluation of ecosystem-services.
To calculate the economic value of the cultural services of Lake Peipsi, using the revenue
transfer method.
Lake Peipsi as a natural resource, with its diverse natural environment and animal life, is a strong
magnet for internal as well as foreign tourists. Cultural services offered by the lake to its visitors
include the following:
Tourism - exercising and hiking in the nature, birdwatching, bike trips, hikes, fishing,
hunting, relaxing etc.
Recreation - swimming, jogging, paddling, water sports, diving, sport fishing.
Research - research activities encompassing the ecosystems of the lake.
Employment - the main field is fishing (professional fishermen) and fisheries.
Cultural heritage - knowledge of the local traditions, various beliefs etc.
Educational activities - increasing awareness of hydro-ecosystems and their biological
diversity. Various methods of education and training.
Spiritual values - personal impressions and welfare.
The revenue transfer method was used by the author for evaluating the economic side of the
ecosystem-services. This method is used for evaluating the value of a public benefit by comparing
it to another similar revenue, that has already been received. The advantages of this method are its
low cost and high speed. Data from a similar, already researched object is transferred to the object
being examined. There is no need for additional research. If a similar study has already been
conducted, the data is easily available. However, the lack of similar studies can be a setback (if no
similar studies have been carried out). Another weak point of the revenue transfer method is the
exactness of prior similar studies. Geographic and economic aspects of the prior study have to be
taken into account.
It was determined as result of the work that the economic value of the cultural service of hobby
fishing in Lake Peipsi. There is no specific data available about boat rental on Lake Peipsi,
therefore it was not possible to determine the economic value of this service.
As a conclusion, it can be said that the revenue transfer method is not suitable for assessing the
value of cultural services. The first reason for this is that not enough studies have been conducted
regarding the economic value of the cultural services offered by lakes, so there is no revenue data
to transfer. It was also determined as a result of searching research articles that other authors have
also not been able to determine the economic value of cultural services using the revenue transfer
method. Thirdly, it became clear while looking for data about the consumers of the cultural
services regarding Lake Peipsi, that there is only sparse data available.
The author recommends not using the revenue transfer method for determining the economic
value of the cultural services of lakes, as there is no source data. My recommendation for future
researchers is to use the travel expenses method.
The tasks of this Bachelor's Thesis - to explain the nature of a lake as a natural resource and to
give an overview of the services offered by lakes, and to present an overview of the economic
evaluation methods of ecosystem services - were fulfilled. The third task of the thesis, to
determine the economic value of the cultural services of Lake Peipsi using the revenue transfer
method, was fulfilled partially, as the economic value of only one cultural service (hobby fishing)
was found. In summary, the aim of the thesis - to present an overview of the cultural services
offered in the ecosystem of Lake Peipsi, including their financial value - was fulfilled. At the
same time, however, determining the economic value of a number (6) of cultural services of Lake
Peipsi remained for future researchers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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