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Hand papermaking of common reed (Phragmites australis)
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Loodusturismi õppekavalPärast paberimasina leiutamist 18. sajandil on paberite masintootmise kõrval käsitsi
valmistatava paberi tootmine hääbunud. Siiski on käsitsi paberi valmistamise traditsioon
tänapäeval säilinud mitmel pool maailmas ning valdavalt valmistatakse seda eriotstarbeks või
kunsti tarbeks. Pilliroogu kasutatakse mõnel pool maailmas käsitsi paberi valmistamiseks,
kuid mitte Eestis. Käesoleva eesmärgiks oli välja selgitada, kas igakuisest pilliroomaterjalist
saab käsitsi paberit valmistada ning millise kuu toormaterjal on selleks kõige sobivam.
Selleks korjas töö autor pilliroogu üheteistkümnel järjestikusel kuul, 2016. aasta maist kuni
2017. aasta märtsini. Korjatud pilliroo biomassist tehti paberit ning hinnati erinevate
meetoditega biomassi keemilisi, paberi mehaanilisi ja optilisi omadusi. Töö käigus selgus, et
pilliroopaberit saab valmistada igal kuul korjatud toormaterjalist. Pudeduse katse näitas, et
kõige tugevam paber on valmistatud juulikuisest materjalist ja kõige pudedam paber
veebruarikuisest materjalist. Imavuse katsega selgitati välja, et mai-juulikuu paberid imavad
teistest paberitest tunduvalt vähem vett. Eripinna katse käigus selgus, et kõige suurem kaal
pindala ühiku kohta on novembrikuu paberil ning kõige väiksem maikuu paberil. Pleekuvuse
katse näitas, et kolmekümne päeva jooksul oli kõige rohkem pleekunud juunikuine ning
kõige vähem veebruarikuine paber. Keemilise koostise mõõtmise tulemusel selgus, et kõige
suurema tselluloosisisaldusega oli jaanuarikuine ja kõige väiksema sisaldusega maikuine
toormaterjal. Kõige suurema hemitselluloosi sisaldusega oli septembrikuine ja kõige
väiksema sisaldusega detsembrikuine toormaterjal. Ligniini sisaldus oli kõige suurem
jaanuarikuises ja kõige väiksem maikuises toormaterjalis. Uurimusest tulenevalt saab tulevikus valida pilliroo korjamiseks sobivat aega vastavalt sellele, mis otstarbel paberit
soovitakse kasutada. Antud töö teema aitab leida ka pilliroole kui taastuvale loodusvarale
uusi kasutusalasid, mida Eestis veel rakendatud pole.The production of handmade paper has disappeared after invention of the paper machine in
eighteen century. However there is still handmade paper tradition preserved in many parts
of the world today and it is mainly made for art or special cases. Common reed is used for
making paper in different parts of the world but not in Estonia.
The aim of the current bachelor thesis was to find out if it is possible to make paper by
hand of every month common reed biomass and which month biomass is the best for
handmade paper. For that, the author of the research picked common reed during eleven
consecutive months from May 2016 to March 2017. The result of the paper was analysed
by making different tests to find out the chemical characteristics of common reed biomass
and the mechanical and optical characteristics of the common reed paper. The process
showed that it is possible to make paper of every common reed month biomass. The test of
brittleness showed that the strongest paper is made of July biomass and the most friable
paper of February biomass. Absorption test revealed that the papers from May to July
biomass absorb much less water than the other papers. Specific surface area test revealed
that the November paper had the biggest mass per surface unit and the May paper had the
lowest mass. Fading test showed that during the thirty days the June paper was the most
faded whereas the February paper was the least faded. As a result of the measurement of
the chemical composition was revealed that January raw material had the biggest content
of cellulose whereas May material had the least. September material had the biggest
content of hemicellulose whereas December material the least content. Lignin content was the biggest in January material and the least in May material.
The results of the research will help to find the right time for picking common reed for
handmade paper in the future, according to which purpose the paper is going to be used.
The subject of this research will also help to find new ranges of use for common reed as a
renewable natural resource, which is not yet implemented in Estonia
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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