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Spatial diagnosis and media treatments
No full textThesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Architecture, 2005.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 128-130).Contemporary approaches toward the renovation of existing spaces are mainly driven by functional requirements and aesthetic purposes. While this design approach is valid, the purpose of this thesis is to develop a methodology for architects to analyze and evaluate the quality of existing spaces on a periodical basis and improve them with the use of digital media. The first part of this thesis project has a diagnostic purpose where the architect investigates historically and empirically the physical structure as well as the users' perceived imagery of the examined space. The second part uses the diagnosis' findings as a mapping device for the application of specific digital media, deemed appropriate for the task, and the orchestration of time-related events and information flows. The goal of this thesis, which focuses solely on public spaces for the extent of this research, is twofold. On a design level, it seeks to increase the quality of space and its potential to communicate with the users through a synergic, adaptive approach. On a research level, it seeks to bring together three diverse but not distant disciplines, those of architecture, cognitive psychology and information technology, suggesting a multi-disciplinary avenue for a retrospective design inquiry.by Marianthi Liapi.S.M
Βιωματικές προσεγγίσεις στον Αρχιτεκτονικό χώρο: Η περίπτωση της Εμβύθισης
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Νευροχωρικό σύστημα : διερεύνηση της αλληλεπίδρασης των χωρικών ποιοτήτων με το ανθρώπινο νευρικό σύστημα και της δράσης τους στην καταστολή των ψυχικών διαταραχών του ατόμου
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Αειφόρο σχολείο: Χωρικά συστήματα για περιβαλλοντική εκπαίδευση.
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Play as a catalyst during the astronauts’ adaptation process in the extreme living conditions of a space mission
No full textΗ εξερεύνηση του διαστήματος είναι μια ιδιαίτερη, συναρπαστική περιπέτεια. Ακόμη πιο ιδιαίτερη, όμως, είναι η συνακόλουθη δραστηριότητα της επιστημονικής κοινότητας που επανεξετάζει σε νέες συνθήκες ό,τι θεωρούσε μέχρι σήμερα δεδομένο για την ανθρώπινη φύση. Ο αρχικός σχεδιασμός κάθε επανδρωμένης διαστημικής αποστολής δίνει προτεραιότητα στην ασφάλεια του πληρώματος, εκπαιδεύοντας τους αστροναύτες-ήρωες της περιπέτειας αυτής να επιβιώνουν απομονωμένοι σε περιβάλλον μικροβαρύτητας. Στο αληθινό πεδίο δράσης τους, όμως, οι αστροναύτες είναι επιβαρυμένοι με ένα δύσκολο πρόγραμμα έρευνας, επισκευών και διαχείρισης, φυσικά περιορισμένοι μέσα σε μια αποστειρωμένη διαστημική κάψουλα, αποστερημένη από περιβαλλοντικά ερεθίσματα. Στο πλαίσιο αυτό, ο ελεύθερος χρόνος τους είναι τυπικά ενταγμένος στο καθημερινό πρόγραμμα με καθορισμένες δραστηριότητες που ενώ έχουν τη χαλάρωση σαν στόχο, δεν καταφέρνουν να αποσυμφορήσουν τη βεβαρημένη ρουτίνα. Παρόλα αυτά, μέσα από καταγραφές στα προσωπικά τους ημερολόγια, οι αστροναύτες δείχνουν ότι προσπαθούν να αυτοδιαχειριστούν τις αρνητικές συνέπειες της απομόνωσης επινοώντας δικές τους δραστηριότητες κοινωνικοποίησης, χαλάρωσης και κυρίως παιχνιδιού. Αναγνωρίζοντας την απουσία ενός κοινωνικο-ψυχολογικού ρυθμιστή στις καθημερινές συνθήκες διαβίωσης μιας διαστημικής αποστολής και γνωρίζοντας τη ζωτική σημασία του παιχνιδιού στη διαδικασία προσαρμογής του ανθρώπου σε νέο περιβάλλον, η επιστημονική αυτή εργασία παρουσιάζει: (1) μια νέα προσέγγιση στον εγκλιματισμό των αστροναυτών σε ακραίες συνθήκες διαβίωσης με την ονομασία "Προσαρμογή στη Μικροβαρύτητα μέσα από το Παιχνίδι"; και (2) τις βασικές κατευθύνσεις για τον λειτουργικό και χωρικό προγραμματισμό που θα υποστηρίζει το παιχνίδι μέσα σε ένα επανδρωμένο διαστημικό σκάφος, εκμεταλλευόμενος τις εγγενείς παιγνιώδεις ποιότητες ενός περιβάλλοντος χωρίς βαρύτητα. Στόχος είναι να δημιουργηθούν νέες χωρικές και κοινωνικές ευκαιρίες για τους αστροναύτες να επιταχύνουν τη διαδικασία προσαρμογής τους σε συνθήκες μικροβαρύτητας, ενεργοποιώντας σταδιακά την ικανότητα που είχαν σαν παιδιά να επεκτείνουν νοητά τα όρια του κόσμου που τους περιβάλλει μέσα στον κόσμο της φαντασίας που τους καθοδηγεί.Human curiosity is insatiable. Human intellect is restless. Those two features combined with perseverance have rendered the impossible plausible and fervently fueled space explorations during the past decades. Since the visionary works of Jules Verne, Konstantin Tsiolkosvky and Wernher von Braun, who provided insights on how humankind might travel beyond the Earth orbit, we have witnessed great achievements in the physical exploration of space either conducted by robotic spacecrafts or manned spaceflights. In all these endeavors, space science and engineering secured the aspects involved with the safety of the expedition, including the survival of the crew. As technology and material science advanced, missions increased in duration with the issue of survival gradually becoming an issue of liveability and currently an issue of habitability. The proposed playscape within a habitable spacecraft module is a health and performance countermeasures initiative that targets the everyday living patterns of the astronauts in long-term missions in order to facilitate their adaptation in the confined, isolated environment. Such a playscape is powered up by transformable spatial settings and objects that promote play and channel problem-solving along with a better mood. Its design scope is to introduce play and create the possibilities and the reasons for the astronauts to expand their personality, forgetting for a while the disciplined scientist and immerse into a different world. The positive impact of play in people’s lives is well documented but there is little implementation of playscapes (environments specialized in assisting and empowering play activities) in adult environments. Especially for astronauts, play is an essential activity since it provides them with an appropriate mind-drifting task and also, as the biologist Marc Bekoff puts it, it can train them for the unexpected. Research has shown that astronauts are generally well-trained to withstand physiologically as well as psychologically strenuous conditions. Yet, prolonged living in microgravity, within a confined capsule, takes a toll on the human nature in ways that haven’t always been anticipated or prioritized by mission planers. “Real-life” astronauts on duty are at once over-scheduled, under-stimulated, crowded-in, isolated, and play deprived. Personal logs from past missions reveal that during their leisure time, astronauts have come to self-manage feelings of boredom and issues of sensory deprivation by inventing their own playful routines in order to keep sane, boost their morale, or for the mere pleasure of gaming. Still, to this day, most approaches to organized leisure in spacecraft environments are promoting efficiency-driven exercise programs designed with duty/survival rather than bliss/delight in mind. Recognizing this gap and cognizant of the importance of playfulness and joy as vital psycho-physiological regulators, especially in situations of long-term confinement, mission planners should allow astronauts to play out the dis-orienting qualities of microgravity itself. As part of the authors’ playscape investigation, and based on the similarities between the development of a child and the astronauts’ adaptation to the confined interiors of a spacecraft, this paper structures the Microgravity Playscape Adaptation (MPA) approach, which owes to the Whole Child Development (WCD) Guide, and (2) provides design guidelines for a microgravity playscape by taping the unique and inherently playful qualities of weightlessness itself. The overall purpose is to create new life-bearing opportunities for astronauts to counteract the deleterious physical, social, and psychological effects of long space flights, to break their isolation, expand their sense of being-there, and take pleasure in the 'physical' surprises of their new weightless habitat
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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