683 research outputs found
Enhancement of antroquinonol production via the overexpression of 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase biosynthesis-related genes in Antrodia cinnamomea
No full textLiu, Xiaofeng, Xia, Yongjun, Zhang, Yao, Liang, Lihong, Xiong, Zhiqiang, Wang, Guangqiang, Song, Xin, Ai, Lianzhong (2021): Enhancement of antroquinonol production via the overexpression of 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase biosynthesis-related genes in Antrodia cinnamomea. Phytochemistry (112677) 184: 1-9, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112677, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.11267
Fig. 1. A in Enhancement of antroquinonol production via the overexpression of 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase biosynthesis-related genes in Antrodia cinnamomea
No full textFig. 1. A. Effect of digestion time on protoplast yield; B. Effect of enzyme concentration on protoplast yield. a-f Different lower-case letters indicate a significant difference (p <0.05).Published as part of Liu, Xiaofeng, Xia, Yongjun, Zhang, Yao, Liang, Lihong, Xiong, Zhiqiang, Wang, Guangqiang, Song, Xin & Ai, Lianzhong, 2021, Enhancement of antroquinonol production via the overexpression of 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase biosynthesis-related genes in Antrodia cinnamomea, pp. 1-9 in Phytochemistry (112677) 184 on page 2, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112677, http://zenodo.org/record/829200
Fig. 4 in Enhancement of antroquinonol production via the overexpression of 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase biosynthesis-related genes in Antrodia cinnamomea
No full textFig. 4. The relative mRNA expression levels of the ubiA (A) and CoQ2 (B) genes. Expression levels in the pCT74-gpd strain samples are defined as 1.0, and expression levels in the transgenic strain are displayed as the fold increase over the reference sample. a-e Different lower-case letters indicate a significant difference (p <0.05).Published as part of Liu, Xiaofeng, Xia, Yongjun, Zhang, Yao, Liang, Lihong, Xiong, Zhiqiang, Wang, Guangqiang, Song, Xin & Ai, Lianzhong, 2021, Enhancement of antroquinonol production via the overexpression of 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase biosynthesis-related genes in Antrodia cinnamomea, pp. 1-9 in Phytochemistry (112677) 184 on page 6, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112677, http://zenodo.org/record/829200
Fig. 6 in Enhancement of antroquinonol production via the overexpression of 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase biosynthesis-related genes in Antrodia cinnamomea
No full textFig. 6. Time profiles of the contents of AQ (A) and biomass (B) in the pCT74- gpd, pCT74-gpd-ubiA, and pCT74-gpd-CoQ2 transformants under submerged culture condition. a-c Different lower-case letters indicate a significant difference (p <0.05).Published as part of Liu, Xiaofeng, Xia, Yongjun, Zhang, Yao, Liang, Lihong, Xiong, Zhiqiang, Wang, Guangqiang, Song, Xin & Ai, Lianzhong, 2021, Enhancement of antroquinonol production via the overexpression of 4-hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase biosynthesis-related genes in Antrodia cinnamomea, pp. 1-9 in Phytochemistry (112677) 184 on page 7, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112677, http://zenodo.org/record/829200
Synthesis of Novel Acceptor Molecules of Mono- and Multiadduct Fullerene Derivatives for Improving Photovoltaic Performance
No full textChina's rural development challenges: land tenure reform and local institutional experimentation
No full textDespite its unprecedented achievements in rural development, China remains a lower-middle income country. Unsound practices in farmland use and management have contributed to farmland loss, rising social conflicts and deprivation of the landless, which perpetuates rural poverty and land tenure insecurity of the weak and poor. The current hybrid land tenure systems characterized by collective ownership and individual use rights exert both positive and negative effects on land governance. China’s approach to land laws, policies and institutional reforms is characterized by inherent weaknesses which impede the strengthening of peasants’ rights and collective action in the process. With the simplistic assumption on the importance of land tenure to facilitate its transferability and scaled agricultural production, the current reform is undergoing a risky transformation that may backfire. In this sense, the Chinese approach bears resemblances with other countries whose experiences have failed the poor and have produced unintended consequences. In essence, the failure to take into account the livelihoods of the poor especially from sustainable land use perspectives exemplifies their pursuit of short-term gains rather than longer-term solutions to complex rural development issues. The challenges confronting China’s rural development require a renewed understanding of what constitutes an appropriate land tenure system that suits the local conditions of a given community. This needs a holistic study of what kind of land tenure systems exist in China, how they have worked in the past, what their problems are, and how they can be redressed to suit the needs of the poor.
Zie: Summary
Antrodia cinnamomea T. T. Chang & W. N. Chou
No full text4.4. Protoplasting of A. cinnamomea S-29 Ten milliliters of the spore suspension (containing 1 × 10 8 spores/ mL) of A. cinnamomea S-29 were inoculated in a 500-mL flask with 100 mL of the seed medium. The suspension was incubated at 28 ◦ C and 100 rpm for 4 days. Preparation of protoplasts was carried according to the reports (Yu et al., 2016; Wu and Chou, 2019) with some modifications. The germlings were collected by centrifugation at 3000 g for 10 min and then rinsed with osmotic stabilizer (0.8 M sucrose, pH 6.0) 3 times. A predefined workable protocol for A. cinnamomea S-29 protoplasting is 4-day-old germlings, mixed enzyme 20 mg /mL (lysing enzyme L1412, snailase, and cellulase, Sigma-Aldrich, USA), 0.8 M sucrose (pH 6) as osmotic stabilizer and shaking at 28 ◦ C, 4 h, and 80 rpm for digestion. In (2016) with some modifications. The 100 μL of ice-cold 25% PEG solution (polyethylene glycol MW 4000, 10 mM Tris buffer, 10 mM CaCl 2, pH 7.4) containing 3 μg, 5 μg, and 10 μg of ClaI linearized plasmid DNA was added to 200 μL of protoplast suspension (10 6 protoplasts/mL) in an Eppendorf tube, respectively. After mixed briefly, the sample was incubated on ice for 30 min. Then, the mixture was added 1 mL of 25% PEG solution and incubated at 25 ◦ C for 30 min. The whole mixture was inoculated in 10 mL seed medium containing 0.8 M sucrose. After 48 h of regeneration (28 ◦ C, 80 rpm), the seed culture were centrifuged at 2500 g for 10 min and spread on PDA containing 20 μg/mL of hygromycin B for selection of putative transformants.Published as part of Liu, Xiaofeng, Xia, Yongjun, Zhang, Yao, Liang, Lihong, Xiong, Zhiqiang, Wang, Guangqiang, Song, Xin & Ai, Lianzhong, 2021, Enhancement of antroquinonol production via the overexpression of 4 - hydroxybenzoate polyprenyltransferase biosynthesis-related genes in Antrodia cinnamomea, pp. 1-9 in Phytochemistry (112677) (112677) 184 on page 6, DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112677, http://zenodo.org/record/829200
Nanotechnology, an alternative with promising prospects and advantages for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases
No full textTao Li,* Weitao Liang,* Xijun Xiao, Yongjun Qian Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China *These authors contributed equally to this work Abstract: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the most important causes of mortality and affecting the health status of patients. At the same time, CVDs cause a huge health and economic burden to the whole world. Although a variety of therapeutic drugs and measures have been produced to delay the progress of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients, most of the traditional therapeutic strategies can only cure the symptoms and cannot repair or regenerate the damaged ischemic myocardium. In addition, they may bring some unpleasant side effects. Therefore, it is vital to find and explore new technologies and drugs to solve the shortcomings of conventional treatments. Nanotechnology is a new way of using and manipulating the matter at the molecular scale, whose functional organization is measured in nanometers. Because nanoscale phenomena play an important role in cell signal transduction, enzyme action and cell cycle, nanotechnology is closely related to medical research. The application of nanotechnology in the field of medicine provides an alternative and novel direction for the treatment of CVDs, and shows excellent performance in the field of targeted drug therapy and the development of biomaterials. This review will briefly introduce the latest applications of nanotechnology in the diagnosis and treatment of common CVDs. Keywords: nanotechnology, application, targeted therapy, biomaterials, cardiovascular disease
The mean suspended sediment concentration profile of silty sediments under wave-dominant conditions
No full textSuspended sediment concentration (SSC) is one of the fundamental topics in sediment study. The parameterization of the SSC profile of silty sediments is still under-researched. This study focuses on the mean SSC profile for silty sediments under non-breaking wave-dominant conditions. First, inspired by a 1DV model, different types of the distribution of mean eddy viscosity were proposed, i.e., a toe-type distribution over flat bed and a constant-toe type distribution over rippled bed. Then, the time-averaged diffusion equation for suspended sediment transport was analytically solved, and expressions for the mean SSC profiles were derived. The expressions involve several basic physical processes, including the effects of bed forms, stratification, hindered settling and mobile bed. Verification using a number of experimental datasets showed that the proposed expressions can properly calculate the mean SSC for silt and are applicable for sand as well. In conclusion, this research provides an approach to estimate the mean SSC for silty sediments under wave-dominant conditions, which is expected to be applicable for engineering practice and numerical modelling.Accepted Author ManuscriptCoastal Engineerin
Programmed exosome fusion for energy generation in living cells
No full text© 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited.Biological membrane-enclosed organelles are fascinating examples of spatially confined nanoreactors for biocatalytic transformations such as cascade reactions involving multiple enzymes; however, the fabrication of their synthetic mimics remains a considerable challenge. Here we demonstrate supramolecular chemistry-based bridging of two membranes leading to controlled fusion of exosomes that act as nanoreactors for effective biocatalytic cascades, with prolonged functionality inside of living cells. Exosome membrane proteins were chemically engineered with a catechol moiety to drive fusion by supramolecular complexation to bridge the membranes. This strategy successfully encapsulated multiple enzymes and assembled the minimal electron transport chain in the plasma membrane, leading to tuneable, enhanced catalytic cascade activity capable of ATP synthesis inside of tissue spheroids. This nanoreactor was functional for many hours after uptake into living cells, showed successful penetration into tissue spheroids and repaired the damaged region by supplying ATP, all of which represent an advance in the mimicking of nature’s own organelles. [Figure not available: see fulltext.].11Nsciescopu
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