1,720,963 research outputs found
Fabrication of All Ink-jet Printing Organic Ferroelectric Memory
No full text由於有機材料具備可撓曲、容易在低溫下製作、低成本等等特色，有機電子技術被認為是未來電子產業的明日之星。在多樣化的有機材料中，鐵電材料可用來製作更多樣化的元件。論文使用可溶聚合物材料配合噴墨印刷製程，來製作有機薄膜電晶體(OTFTs)與鐵電電晶體(FeFET)。將鐵電材料加入電晶體之絕緣層中，將會使電晶體元件出現明顯的遲滯曲線。此特性可以做為記憶體元件的讀寫動作。進而達成可撓性非揮發記憶體元件(NVM)以及更加複雜的電路應用。水溶性的導電材料(PEDOT/PSS)構成電晶體的電極部分，包含閘極、源極與汲極，使用自製噴墨系統可以在PI基板上噴印出約50微米的線寬，以及10微米以上的通道長度。接著使用鐵電材料P(VDF-TrFE) 與絕緣聚合物 PVP (polyvinylphenol) 作為雙層絕緣層結構。半導體層則選用高分子半導體材料P3HT。烘烤退火之後即完成全噴墨、全有機的電晶體元件製作。經過一連串的測試，鐵電電晶體元件表現出非揮發性記憶體的特性。對於元件施加一高電壓再釋放之後，電晶體元件在零閘極電壓的情況下仍可保持開啟。反之施予一反方向偏壓則會表現低電流狀態。本論文所完成的記憶體元件，其1-0 電流比超過200倍，並且位元資料能儲存超過1000秒的時間。證明用作非揮發性記憶體的可撓性鐵電電晶體元件可以在全噴墨製程下成功製作。The organic material has become an emerging research field because of its flexibility, low cost, and low temperature process capabilities. In variety of organic materials, ferroelectric polymer is interesting because of its highly polarized molecular structure. As the consequence, the ferroelectric polymer can be employed as the basic material for various organic electronic devices. To construct the organic electronic devices, various organic materials are needed to perform different functions. In this thesis, we have implemented both thin-film transistors (OTFTs) and non-volatile memory devices (NVMs) by homemade ink-jet printing system. To implement these devices, in detail, we chose polyimide as the flexible substrate. On the top of the substrate, the sources/drains, gates, and conductive electrodes are composed by water based conductive polymer (PEDOT/PSS). In addition, polyvinylphenol (PVP) and P(VDF-TrFE) are employed as the bi-layer insulator material. Regarding the semiconductor material, we chose poly(3-hexylthiophene), P3HT, as the semiconductor material. Based on the experimental results, the ferroelectric field-effect-transistor (FeFET) inherited the hysteresis phenomenon from the polarized structure of the P(VDF-TrFE). This demonstrated the NVM capability of the developed FeFET devices. The device operates in on-state under zero gate voltage and off-state under reverse gate voltage. The on/off state ratio is over 200. In addition the data can be sustained over 1000 seconds. Therefore, we have successfully developed flexbile FeFET NVMs by all-inkjet-printing technology.第1章 緒論 1-1 前言 1-2 研究背景 4-3 研究動機 82章 有機記憶體元件 11-1 有機記憶體原理 11-1-1 電阻式記憶體 11-1-2 電容式記憶體 12-1-3 鐵電電晶體式記憶體 16-2 有機鐵電記憶體材料 18-2-1 基板材料 19-2-2 導電材料 20-2-3 半導體材料 24-2-4 有機絕緣層材料 28-2-5 有機鐵電材料 32-2-6 封裝材料 35-3 有機記憶體發展現況 363章 噴墨製程系統 40-1 噴墨製程簡介 40-2 噴墨系統架構 43-3 環境控制系統 46-4 其它實驗儀器 474章 電晶體元件之製作 49-1 實驗結果與討論 49-1-1 噴印圖形成果 49-1-2 電晶體效能分析與討論 54-1-3 絕緣層特性分析與討論 575章 記憶體元件之製作 65-1 鐵電材料特性測試 65-1-1 電容結構測試 65-1-2 金氧半結構測試 67-2 單絕緣層鐵電電晶體元件 69-2-1 元件製程 69-2-2 實驗結果與討論 70-3 雙絕緣層鐵電電晶體元件 72-3-1 元件製程 72-3-2 實驗結果與討論 736章 結論與未來展望 79-1 研究結論 79-2 未來展望 80錄1 各噴墨材料濃度 81錄2 噴墨製程步驟 82錄3 電晶體元件製程 87考文獻 9
The Factors Affecting Taiwan Farmers’ Agricultural Revenue and Their Policy Implications
No full text我國經濟成功起飛係因雄厚穩固的農業基礎與適當的經濟政策，但在經濟發展的同時，產業發展重心由農業部門逐漸轉往至工商業部門。此外，我國農業更面臨生產面的困境，包括務農人口高齡化、農牧戶眾多，每戶農業經營面積狹小，土地零碎，平均經營面積不到1公頃、近三成的農牧戶沒有務農承接者、以及七成五以上的農牧戶內人口為務農兼業者等等。這些原因致使我國農牧戶收入較非農戶收入低。本研究之目的在於找出並分析影響我國農業收入的因子，並依照我國當前現況，對於相關影響收入因子給予政策方面的建議。 本研究使用2000年、2005年以及2010年農林漁牧普查資料，配合文獻歸納整理，並且以敘述統計、交叉分析，初步釐清影響農業收入的因子，並將其放入以多元迴歸分析以及分量迴歸分析中，檢視各因子在不同的農業收入百分比的農牧戶下，對於我國農業收入的影響程度，並給予建議。 研究結果顯示，農牧戶經營管理者的年齡及教育程度、農牧戶經營規模、農牧戶是否有務農承接者、農牧戶是否為全職農牧戶、農牧戶所在地區、以及農牧戶之經營種類，皆為影響農業收入之因子。 從研究結果對於政策的建議如下： 1. 降低農牧戶經營管理者年齡會對農業收入產生正向的影響效果，且若從畜牧養殖戶著手改善經營管理者高齡化的問題，農業收入提升的效果會比從農耕戶著手改善來的好。若從不同農業收入的角度切入，從較低農業收入的農牧戶改善經營者高齡化問題，對農業收入正向的影響效果，會比從較高農業收入的農牧戶著手進行改善，效果來的好。 2. 若要提昇農牧戶經營者的教育程度來增加農業收入，應該從畜牧養殖戶的經營管理者著手進行，研究結果顯示，與農耕戶相比，改善畜牧養殖戶經營者的教育程度，對農業收入的提昇效果比較高。 3. 與較低農業收入的農戶相比，提升農業收入較高者的經營規模，對於增加農業收入的效果較好，同時，方便與完善的農村金融機構，對於高資本投入的經營種類極為重要，即時的資金周轉，減少農牧戶經營規模擴大所面臨的障礙。 4.，從農業收入較高的農戶，著手進行解決農牧戶沒有務農繼承者的問題，對於農業收入提升的效果會比較好。 5. 鼓勵農業收入較高的農戶全職務農，以解決兼業的問題，對農業收入的提升效果會較農業收入較低的農戶來的好。The success of economic development in Taiwan is due to solid agricultural foundation and appropriate economic policies. However, during that period, the focus shifts from agriculture sector to industry and business sector. In addition, the agriculture in Taiwan encounters difficulties in production, including aging farming population, farm households with average operation area less than 1 ha, nearly 30% of farm households have no successor, and over 75% of the farming population is part-time farmers. These reasons cause lower income of farm households than non-farm households. The purpose of this research is to figure out and analyze the factors that influence the agricultural revenue in Taiwan. Furthermore, provide suggestions of agriculture policy based on the findings in this research. This research analyzes Agriculture, Forestry, Fishery and Animal Husbandry Census of 2000, 2005 and 2010. First, this research conducts descriptive statistics and cross analysis to find out the factors influence on agricultural revenue. In addition, it uses the factors as independent variables in multiple regression analysis and quantile regression analysis to examine the effects to agricultural revenue at different quantiles. The result of this study showed that farm operator’s age and education, operation scale, farm with or without successor, full-time or part-time farm, farm region, and farming type are related to agricultural revenue. Suggestions from the results in this study are as follows: 1. Lower the age of farm household operators has positive effect to agricultural revenue. In addition, from the result we can learn that improving aging problem for animal husbandry households has stronger effect than agriculture households. From different perspective of agricultural revenue, improve aging problem in low-income farms has better effect in increasing agricultural revenue than high-income farms. 2. Similarly, improve education level in animal husbandry households has more significant result in increasing agricultural revenue than agriculture household. 3. Compared with low agricultural revenue farm households, expanding the operation scale of high agricultural revenue farm households has more efficient in increasing agricultural revenue. Meanwhile, convenience and sufficiency of rural financial institution is extremely important for highly invested business. It provides easier way to improve operation scale of agriculture and animal husbandry households. 4. Overcome farm households without successor problem for high agriculture revenue farm households have preferable effect to low agriculture revenue farm households. 5. Settle part-time issues for high agriculture revenue farm households have larger effect than low agriculture revenue farm households in improving agricultural revenue
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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