10,729 research outputs found
Investigation into laser re-melting of inconel 625 HVOF coating blended with WC
Full text linkHigh velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying of Diamalloy 1005 powders mixed with WC particles onto steel (304) is considered and laser re-melting of the resulting coatings is examined. Laser re-melting process is modeled to determine the melt layer thickness while temperature increase is formulated using the Fourier heating law. The morphological and metallurgical analyses prior and post laser re-melting process are carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique is used to determine the residual stress developed in the coating while the analytical formulation is adopted to predict the residual stress levels at the coating base material interface. The indentation tests are carried out to determine the Young’s modulus and fracture toughness of the coating prior to laser re-melting. Corrosion resistance of coating is measured using potentiodynamic polarization technique prior and post laser treatment process. The predictions of the melt layer thickness are in good agreement with experimental results. The presence of WC particles modifies temperature rise and its gradient in the coating while affecting the Young’s modulus, residual stress levels, and fracture toughness of the coating. The differences in the thermal properties of Inconel 625 powders and WC particles result in formation of small size cellular structure through polyphase solidification. WC dissolution in the central region of the large polycrystalline cells is observed due to the loss of carbon through carbonic gas formation. The results of corrosion tests prevail that significant improvement of corrosion resistance can be achieved after laser treatment process
Consolidation of WC-Co nanocomposites synthesised by mechanical alloying
Full text linkA thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements of the University of Wolverhampton for the degree of Doctor of PhilosophyThe influence of mechanical alloying (MA) milling time, temperature, sintering method and microstructure on the mechanical properties of a tungsten carbide-cobalt (WC-Co) hardmetal, based on 10wt% Co, has been established. The effects of high-energy milling for 30, 60, 180 and 300 min and the interrelation between milling time and powder properties, and the resultant effects on the mechanical properties of the consolidated WC-10Co material, has been obtained for a horizontally designed ball mill. Nanostructured WC-10Co powder was synthesised after 60 min cyclic milling at room temperature with an average WC domain size of 21 nm. In direct comparison, a WC-10Co composition MA at -30°C for 60 min produced an average WC domain size of 26 nm with a higher lattice strain. WC domain size showed a slight increase with milling time, measured at 27 nm after 300 min ball milling. Extended ball milling (300 min) reduced the mean particle size from 0.148 μm for 60 min milling to 0.117 μm. Thermal analysis showed that the onset temperature of the WC-Co eutectic was related to particle size with increased milling time reducing the onset temperature from 1344°C after 60 min milling to 1312°C after 300 min milling. Onset temperature was further reduced by the addition of vanadium carbide (VC), reducing the onset temperature to 1283°C after 300 min milling. Powder contamination increased with increased milling time with Fe content measured at ~ 3wt% after 300 min ball milling. Milling at -30°C reduced Fe contamination to an almost undetectable level. Increased ball milling time resulted in decreased levels of green density with the powders milled for 30 and 300 min achieving 62.5% and 59.5% TD, respectively. Relative density increased for the powder milled at -30°C compared to the RT milled powder due to its flattened, slightly rounded morphology. A large difference in VC starting particle size compared to WC and Co led to non-uniform dispersion of the inhibitor during milling. Densification and hardness reached optimum levels for the 60 min milled powder for both pressureless sintering and sinter-HIP. Both properties decreased with increased milling time, regardless of the sintering method. Low temperature milling resulted in a higher hardness value of 1390 HV30 compared to 1326 HV30 for the 60 min, RT milled material after pressureless sintering. Densification levels of the doped materials were restricted to < 90% TD for both sintering methods due to inhomogeneity in the microstructures. Palmqvist fracture toughness (WK) of the RT milled powders increased with increased milling time and increasing WC grain size for both sintering methods. WK reached 11.6 MN.m3/2 with 300 min milling after pressureless sintering but reached 16.1 MN.m32 for the same material after sinter-HIP due to the effect of mean WC grain size and binder phase mean free path. The -30°C milled powder exhibited higher fracture toughness for both sintering methods than the 60 min, RT milled material. Spark plasma sintering (SPS) showed that the onset of densification was dependent upon particle size with the powder from 300 min milling showing an onset temperature of ~ 800°C compared to ~ 1000°C for the 60 min milled powder. The low temperature milled powder showed an onset temperature of ~ 980°C, which suggested that low temperature milling provided enhanced densification kinetics
Influencia de inhibidores de crecimiento de grano en el comportamiento tribológico de carburos cementados WC-Co a partir de polvos nanométricos
Full text linkLos carburos cementados son materiales atractivos para muchas aplicaciones industriales
debido a una combinación de propiedades mecánicas y físicas, estabilidad química y a su
excelente resistencia al desgaste. Los carburos cementados ultrafinos y nanocristalinos están
recibiendo una atención especial debido a su aplicación en el desarrollo de materiales para la
industria electrónica y automotriz. La resistencia al desgaste de estos materiales experimenta
un notable incremento cuando se reduce el tamaño de grano. La reducción en el tamaño de
grano puede obtenerse por la adición de pequeñas cantidades de inhibidores de crecimiento de
grano (especialmente Cr3C2 y/o VC), la selección del proceso y las condiciones de
sinterización.
En esta tesis se evalúa el comportamiento a fricción y desgaste por deslizamiento en seco de
carburos cementados obtenidos de mezclas ultrafinas y nanocristalinas de WC-12%pesoCo
con adición de VC y Cr3C2 como inhibidores de crecimiento de grano. Estas mezclas fueron
consolidadas mediante sinterización convencional en vacío y sinterización por chispa de
plasma. Los ensayos de desgaste por deslizamiento en seco se desarrollaron en un tribómetro
con configuración bola sobre disco utilizando bolas de WC-6Co y AISI 5210 como
contramateriales. Para los ensayos se utilizó como carga de contacto 40N y 60N, distancia de
deslizamiento de 2000m y 10000m, velocidad de deslizamiento de 0.1m/s, condiciones
medioambientales controladas.
Los resultados obtenidos han mostrado que los carburos cementados nanoestructurados
presentan una mayor resistencia al desgaste por deslizamiento en seco que los grados
ultrafinos o submicrométricos. La adición de inhibidores de crecimiento de grano a la mezcla
comercial se ha confirmado como una vía efectiva para incrementar la resistencia al desgaste,
especialmente cuando las proporciones son hasta un 1% peso y se utiliza VC como afinador.
La naturaleza elástica o plástica de las asperezas en contacto se ha manifestado en las
diferencias encontradas en el coeficiente de fricción entre los materiales obtenidos de polvos
ultrafinos y nanométricos. La sinterización por chispa de plasma, SPS, (y las condiciones de
sinterización) resultó ser el método de sinterización con el que se obtienen las mejores
propiedades tribológicas en condiciones de desgaste severo. Los parámetros de sinterización
empleados para el método tradicional, Vacío, no resultaron adecuados cuando las
proporciones de inhibidores exceden el 1%peso.
El estudio de las micrografías de las huellas de desgaste por medio de MEB, EC MEB, EDX,
reveló la coexistencia de varios mecanismos de desgaste que contribuyen al deterioro del
material. Esto se ha relacionado con las propiedades microestructurales y mecánicas de los
carburos cementados, con la naturaleza del contramaterial y con el método de procesado.
Finalmente, se ha demostrado que ejerce más influencia en la resistencia al desgaste de los carburos cementados finos un buen control microestructural que solo el incremento de la
dureza o reducción en el tamaño de grano.Espinosa Fernández, L. (2013). Influencia de inhibidores de crecimiento de grano en el comportamiento tribológico de carburos cementados WC-Co a partir de polvos nanométricos [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/29534TESI
Numerical and Experimental Investigation on Bonding Behavior of Cold Sprayed Porous WC-17Co Particles onto Different Substrates
No full textCold sprayed WC-Co metal matrix composite coatings have shown great potential in wear-resistance applications. This work aims to use experimental and numerical methods to clarify the deposition and particle-substrate bonding behavior of a single porous WC-17Co particle onto various substrates. To achieve this objective, porous WC-17Co particles were used as the feedstock; soft Al 2024 (Al alloy) and hard stainless steel 316 (SS) were used as the substrates. The experimental results revealed that brittle WC-Co particles tended to remain intact after depositing on a soft Al alloy substrate, but underwent serious fracture when impacting on a hard SS substrate. Further results indicated that the high energy dissipation and the consequent high stress concentration in the WC-Co particle was the main reason for inducing the particle fracture. In addition, two different mechanical interlocking mechanisms were identified during the WC-Co particle deposition process (namely WC reinforcement interlock and WC-Co particle interlock), dominating the particle-substrate bonding. A soft Al alloy substrate resulted in better interlocking than a hard SS substrate, thereby the corresponding particle bonding ratio was also much higher
Produção e propriedades mecanicas de carbonetos sinterizados (metais duros WC-Co)
Full text linkDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina. Centro TecnologicoAs características mecânicas e de densificação de ligas WC-Co, foram estudadas através de ensaios de dilatometria, flexão e dureza, em função dos dois principais parâmetros micro-estruturais: teor de Cobalto e tamanho de partícula do carboneto. A dureza HV variou linearmente com o aumento do teor de Co. No ensaio de flexão sob três pontos a resistência à ruptura tranversal aumentou com teores crescentes do cobalto. Na granulação grosseira atingiu um máximo, eventualmente reduzido por fases frágeis e uma dispersão incompleta. Os resultados dos ensaios de fratura frágil analisados estatisticamente, se ajustaram melhor a um modelo do elo mais fraco, distribuição de Weibull, do que ao modelo de encadeamento da distribuição de Gaus
WC-2 is associated with the telomeres in <i>Neurospora</i>.
No full text(A) WC-2 ChIP-seq and Argonaute-associated RIP-seq data in Neurospora showing WC-2 is localized to telomeres, and the binding is adjacent to Argonaute-associated Dicer-independent small interfering RNAs (disiRNA). Data were mapped to the Neurospora genome and visualized with Integrative Genomics Viewer (IGV). The interaction between WC-2 and telomere was confirmed by ChIP-qPCR under circadian entrainment (B) using the frq C-box as a control (C). The data were obtained from 4 biological replicates, error bars represent the SEM and Cosinor analysis gave p-value < 0.01, q-value < 0.01.</p
Tribological Properties of Cr/WC/DLC Film in Multiple Environments
No full textMultilayer gradient diamond-like carbon (Cr/WC/DLC) film was successfully fabricated on 304 stainless steel substrate by using magnetron sputtering technique. Microstructure and mechanical properties of the Cr/WC/DLC film were characterized by SEM, Raman spectroscopy, nanoindentor and scratch tester. Tribological performances of the Cr/WC/DLC film were investigated by UMT-3 multi-functional tribometer in the atmosphere, distilled water and engine oil. The results show that: the design of multilayer gradient transition of the Cr/WC/DLC film makes the hardness of the film amount to 32.6 GPa, and significantly improves the bonding force between the film and the substrate, and its tribological properties are excellent under the three environments. In the atmosphere, the film shows a lower average friction coefficient and leds to the greatest wear rate,which are 0.094 and 7.86*10~(-8) mm~3 (N ? m)~(-1). In the water, the film has a higher average friction coefficient of 0.124, and has a lower wear rate of 5.26*10~(-8) mm~3 (N ? m)~(-1). In the engine oil, the film has the minimum average friction coefficient and wear rate, which are 0.065 and 4.44 * 10~(-8) mm~3 (N ? m)~(-1),respectively
Knee proprioception in patients with osteosarcoma around the Knee after modular endoprosthetic reconstruction
No full textEffect of WC addition on mechanical properties of hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets
No full textAnisotropic Nd-Fe-B magnets with WC addition were prepared by hot deformation process. The effect of WC addition on the compressive and bending strength of hot-deformed Nd-Fe-B magnets has been investigated. The results suggest that the mechanical properties of hot-deformed magnets without WC addition show distinct anisotropy. Meanwhile, WC addition lowers the mechanical anisotropy in two directions parallel and perpendicular to c-axis, especially the compressive strength. The optimum mechanical properties are obtained at 1.0 wt % WC addition without sacrificing the magnetic properties. The observation for microstructure reveals that the fracture mechanism of hot-deformed magnets is a typical intergranular fracture and the crack is prior to propagate along the ribbon boundary. The improved mechanical properties might be attributed to both the grain refinement at ribbon boundaries and the reinforced effect of WC addition. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Effect of Collocation Ratio of Coarse and Fine WC on Dual Grain Structure Cemented Carbide
No full textThis paper adopts area conversion method to measure the WC grain size manually, sets up a Fibonacci Sequence plane segmentation model based on the statistical data obtained, and studies the effect of the ratio of coarse WC grains to fine WC grains on dual grain structure cemented carbide. It is believed that when SWC (fine) / SWC (coarse) ratio is 0.382, theoretically speaking, the arrangement between WC grains is the tightest. Through investigating the effect of WC grain boundary fusion on its stacking density and contiguity, and the effect of the dissolution and precipitation of WC grains on SWC(fine) / SWC(coarse) ratio, and combining Li Guangyu’s random stacking structure of the cemented carbide theory, it expounds the formation mechanism of the dual grain structure cemented carbide—making a proper amount of fine WC grains fill in the gaps between coarse WC grains so as to increase the stacking density and contiguity of WC grains to the maximum degree, and to separate the accumulated Co-phase layer between coarse WC grains, so that the Co layer more evenly distributes among the fine WC grains.</jats:p
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