841 research outputs found
The Making of "China" Through History: Li Zhi 李贄 (1527-1602) and the Shigang pingyao 史綱評要 (1613) in the Context of Late Ming Historiography
Get PDFThis dissertation examines the late Ming world chronicle Shigang pingyao 史綱評要 (Critical Annotation of the Essentials of the Outline of History, 1613) within the context of contemporary historiography. Attributed to the nonconformist thinker Li Zhi 李贄 (1527-1602), the writing provides a concise account of Chinese history, spanning from its earliest origins to the end of the Yuan dynasty (AD 1368). The text is enriched with explanations and commentaries inserted in the top margins, between the text columns, and after paragraphs.
The Shigang pingyao was lost during the Qing dynasty (1644-1911) until the 1960’s when a privately owned copy surfaced and was donated to the History Museum of Quanzhou 泉州. Based on this exemplar, a modern edition was published in 1974, at the peak of the “Criticize Lin Biao, Criticize Confucius” (pi Lin pi Kong 批林批孔) campaign. Despite the publisher’s claims that the Shigang pingyao was authored by Li Zhi, who was hailed as an “anti-Confucian hero” (fankong yingxiong 反孔英雄), doubts about Li’s authorship persisted from the outset of the chronicle’s rediscovery. Historian Wang Zhongmin王重民 (1903-1975) strongly opposed the Gang of Four’s (Sirenbang 四人幫) efforts to authenticate the book as a genuine work of Li Zhi. Thus, Wang faced reprisals from the Red Guards and ultimately committed suicide. Since then, the authorship question remains unresolved.
The Shigang pingyao serves as a paragon for a book representing major historiographical trends of the late Ming period. As part of the flourishing shiping 史評 (historical criticism) literature, the writing garnered attention due to its unconventional content, including alleged praise of the first emperor Qin Shihuangdi 秦始皇帝 (r. 247-210 BC) and Legalist policies, alongside vigorous criticism of Neo-Confucianism and its proponents. Li Zhi’s books were banned in 1602 and again in 1625. During the Cultural Revolution, Li and the writing were instrumentalized for propagandistic purposes. Research on the Shigang pingyao has been scarce to date. The writing remains relatively unnoticed by Western scholars.
Although this thesis explores the authorship issue, the focus of the study is directed toward the Shigang pingyao as a specific Chinese paradigm of conceiving the world as a historical entity, as a historical work that is organized as a histoire événementielle, yet pays also attention to long-term structures and institutions. The Shigang pingyao is juxtaposed to other surviving world chronicles from the late Ming period (c. 1580-1650) and is discussed as part and parcel of the historical discourse which had evolved over the second half of the Ming dynasty. This dissertation unravels the Shigang pingyao as a product of significant Ming historiographical trends. These developments were the thriving of “comprehensive histories” (tongshi 通 史) and “unofficial historiography” (yeshi野史), the disputes on the Legitimate Line of Succession (zhengtong 正統), and the culmination of “historical criticism” as components of a larger debate, the so-called “discourse that holds to the general norm (of what is right and wrong)” (gonglun 公論), with its discussions about the Confucian moral notion of what is “right and wrong” (shifei 是非).
This thesis investigates the significance of the Shigang pingyao and other Chinese world chronicles following the “outline and detail” (gangmu 綱目)-format in the development of what scholars have aptly termed “proto-nationalism” (see Tillman 1979). It explores the writings’ contributions to the formation of a ‘national’ historical consciousness. Additionally, this dissertation provides first English translations of selected passages from the Shigang pingyao. In the course of the research, the work critically analyzes the content and structural composition of the Shigang pingyao in the context of the late Ming period. It delves into the intriguing connection between the book’s text and commentaries with the renowned scholar and philosopher Li Zhi. Furthermore, this study thoroughly uncovers how the Shigang pingyao serves as a conduit for expressing its author’s profound philosophical insights, shedding new light on the intellectual landscape of late Ming China
La loi de la République populaire de Chine sur les droits réels: principes fondamentaux et notions de base
No full textOne law which covers property, usufructuary rights, and real Property for security came into effect on October 1, 2007 in a country whose Constitution declares that «the public property (is) sacred » . The study of the fundamental principles and the basic notions will prove that this country has technically joined the Romano-Germanic family. However, some important differences will be present during our further study. This law is the Real Property Law of the People’s Republic of China.Une loi organisant le droit de propriété et ses démembrements ainsi que les sûretés réelles est entré en vigueur le 1er octobre 2007 dans un pays dont la Constitution dit que seuls «les biens publics sont sacrés » . Si l’on observe les principes fondamentaux et les notions de base employés dans cette loi, à l’égard de la technique législative, on constate que cette branche du droit est déjà entrée dans la famille des droits romano-germaniques traditionnels. Cependant, une étude approfondie va mettre à jour certaines différences essentielles. Cette loi est la Loi de la République populaire de Chine sur les droits réels (LDR).LI Shigang. La loi de la République populaire de Chine sur les droits réels: principes fondamentaux et notions de base. In: Revue internationale de droit comparé. Vol. 61 N°1,2009. pp. 73-90
Gastric emptying is reduced in experimental NEC and correlates with the severity of intestinal damage
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Borohydride‐Scaffolded Li/Na/Mg Fast Ionic Conductors for Promising Solid‐State Electrolytes
No full textBorohydride solid-state electrolytes with room-temperature ionic conductivity up to ≈70 mS cm-1 have achieved impressive progress and quickly taken their place among the superionic conductive solid-state electrolytes. Here, the focus is on state-of-the-art developments in borohydride solid-state electrolytes, including their competitive ionic-conductive performance, current limitations for practical applications in solid-state batteries, and the strategies to address their problems. To open, fast Li/Na/Mg ionic conductivity in electrolytes with BH4 - groups, approaches to engineering borohydrides with enhanced ionic conductivity, and later on the superionic conductivity of polyhedral borohydrides, their correlated conductive kinetics/thermodynamics, and the theoretically predicted high conductive derivatives are discussed. Furthermore, the validity of borohydride pairing with coated oxides, sulfur, organic electrodes, MgH2 , TiS2 , Li4 Ti5 O12 , electrode materials, etc., is surveyed in solid-state batteries. From the viewpoint of compatible cathodes, the stable electrochemical windows of borohydride solid-state electrolytes, the electrode/electrolyte interface behavior and battery device design, and the performance optimization of borohydride-based solid-state batteries are also discussed in detail. A comprehensive coverage of emerging trends in borohydride solid-state electrolytes is provided and future maps to promote better performance of borohydride SSEs are sketched out, which will pave the way for their further development in the field of energy storage.Jing Cuan, You Zhou, Tengfei Zhou, Shigang Ling, Kun Rui, Zaiping Guo ... et al
Topology identification of uncertain nonlinearly coupled complex networks with delays based on anticipatory synchronization
No full textExploring PVFM-Based Janus Membrane-Supporting Gel Polymer Electrolyte for Highly Durable Li–O<sub>2</sub> Batteries
No full textElectrolyte is the
key to constructing the ionic transport paths and O2 gas
diffusion routes in the cathode as well as maintaining the electrode
interfacial stability in view of the complex chemistry of Li–O2 batteries. A novel poly(vinyl formal) (PVFM)-based Janus
membrane, which is prepared via coating multiwalled carbon nanotubes
(MWCNTs) on the porous side of the cross-linked PVFM membrane, has
been proposed herein to achieve membrane-supporting gel polymer electrolyte
(GPE) for Li–O2 batteries. Within Li–O2 batteries, the dense side of PVFM-based Janus membrane demonstrates
a good compatibility with lithium metal anode, while the other side
with MWCNTs coating reserves much more solvent on the surface, assisting
the cathode to form enlarged electrolyte-wetted interface. Moreover,
the comparative studies indicate that PVFM-based Janus membrane also
can provide a conductive pathway, modulate the morphology of the discharge
products, and produce accommodation space for the products. So, the
Li–O2 batteries containing PVFM-based Janus membrane-supporting
GPE not only demonstrate significantly improved discharge capacity
and cycling stability, i.e., 150 times at 1000 mAh g–1 capacity limitation, but also a narrow voltage gap of 0.90 V and
an excellent rate performance up to 1000 mA g–1
HammingMesh: A Network Topology for Large-Scale Deep Learning
No full textNumerous microarchitectural optimizations unlocked tremendous processing power for deep neural networks that in turn fueled the AI revolution. With the exhaustion of such optimizations, the growth of modern AI is now gated by the performance of training systems, especially their data movement. Instead of focusing on single accelerators, we investigate data-movement characteristics of large-scale training at full system scale. Based on our workload analysis, we design HammingMesh, a novel network topology that provides high bandwidth at low cost with high job scheduling flexibility. Specifically, HammingMesh can support full bandwidth and isolation to deep learning training jobs with two dimensions of parallelism. Furthermore, it also supports high global bandwidth for generic traffic. Thus, HammingMesh will power future large-scale deep learning systems with extreme bandwidth requirements
288V/8Ah Manganese Type Li-ion Battery System for Hybrid Electric Vehicle
No full textA 288V/8Ah manganese type Li-ion battery system for hybrid electric vehicle was developed. The performances of single-cell and battery system were tested. For the single-cell, the discharge power and regen power are more than 312.5W and 250W at 45-85% DOD, respectively, and the cycle life is more than 2000 cycles. For the battery system, the continuous discharge power is 41kW at 20C rate, and an 80% charge capacity can be achieved in 10 minutes. The values of voltage difference of 80 single-cells are stable with 0.05V, 0.1V and 0.2V at 1C, 10C and 20C rate in the range of 15%-75% DOD in the battery system, respectively. The discharge power and regen power of battery system are more than 25kW and 20kW at 45-85% DOD, respectively, and its available energy is about 1000Wh. The 288V/8Ah battery system with a good discharge rate performance and a fast charging capability could be used in HEV
Ultrastable Anode Interface Achieved by Fluorinating Electrolytes for All-Solid-State Li Metal Batteries
No full textAll-solid-state Li
metal batteries (ASSLMBs) have attracted significant
attention because of their high energy density and improved safety.
However, the poor stability at the Li anode/solid-state electrolyte
(SSE) interface is a long-standing problem that limits the current
density and capacity, thus hindering the practical application of
ASSLMBs. Herein, fluorination of an Argyrodite Li6PS5Cl (LPSCl) sulfide electrolyte is proposed to enhance the
interfacial stability toward the Li metal anode. Because of the condensed
and highly fluorinated interface that forms in situ with a self-healing
essence, the Li metal symmetric cell employing the fluorinated LPSCl
SSE enables ultrastable Li plating/stripping over 250 h at a superhigh
current density of 6.37 mA cm–2 and a cutoff capacity
of 5 mAh cm–2. Furthermore, the Li metal treated
by the fluorinated LPSCl SSE is demonstrated to deliver good durability
and rate capability in full cells. Fluorinating sulfide electrolytes
provides a new strategy for realizing high-performance ASSLMBs
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