1,721,509 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Effect of lactic fermented soymilk on the inhibition of Colon Cancer Cell Proliferation and cytotoxicity of 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide against intestine 407 cells
No full text本研究利用Streptococcus thermophilus BCRC 14085和Bifidobacterium infantis BCRC 14633對豆奶進行共同發酵。接著以不同溶劑 (水、80%甲醇、50%丙酮) 對豆奶及發酵豆奶進行萃取，檢測發酵豆奶萃取物抑制結腸癌細胞株HT-29和Caco-2增生及其抗4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO) 誘導腸道細胞株Int-407細胞與基因毒性之效果，並檢測萃取物中總酚、總類黃酮、皂素及植酸含量。
結果顯示，無論是豆奶或發酵豆奶萃取物均具有抑制癌細胞增生之效果，其中發酵豆奶萃取物抑制癌細胞增生之效果顯著高於(P <0.05)未發酵者。而在不同溶劑萃取物中，又以發酵豆奶甲醇萃取物之抑制效果最佳。
豆奶及發酵豆奶甲醇萃取物對於抑制4-NQO誘導Int-407之細胞毒性和基因毒性結果呈現劑量效應，其中發酵豆奶所呈現的抑制效果顯著高於(P <0.05)未發酵者。發酵時間會影響抗細胞毒性之效果，由結果中發現發酵豆奶甲醇萃取物以發酵32小時之抗細胞毒性效果最佳。進一步探討發酵豆奶甲醇萃取物抗細胞毒性之機制，發現其效果主要來自去致毒性作用(descytotocic effect)，使4-NQO不活化進而減少4-NQO之細胞毒性。
此外，豆奶於發酵後其總酚含量增加，而皂素及植酸含量降低。然而發酵並未使類黃酮含量有顯著之改變。In this study, soymilk was fermented by co-cultures of Streptococcus thermophilus BCRC 14085 and Bifidobacterium infantis BCRC 14633. Various solvent (water, 80% methanol, 50% acetone) extracts of soymilk and fermented soymilk were prepared. Effect of the prepared extracts against the proliferation of human colon cancer cells, Caco-2 and HT-29, as well as on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity induced by 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4NQO) toward Int-407 were then investigated. Besides, the effect of fermentation on the contents of total phenolic, flavonoid, saponin and phytate in soymilk was examined.
Results showed that the extracts of the fermented soymilk and unfermented soymilk all reduced the proliferation of cancer cells. Extract of the fermented soymilk exhibited a significantly higher (P <0.05) antitumor cell proliferation effect than did the respective unfermented soymilk extract. Among the various extracts examined, methanol extract of fermented soymilk showed the highest antitumor cell proliferation effect.
Methanol extracts of both soymilk and fermented soymilk were found to show dose-dependent suppression effect on the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of 4-NQO against Int-407. While these effects were significantly higher (P <0.05) with fermented soymilk extract than the non-fermented soymilk extract. Fermentation length affected the anticytotoxicity of the fermented soymilk extract with extract of the 32-h fermented soymilk showed the highest anticytotoxicity. Study on the possible anticytotoxic mechanism of methanol fermented soymilk extract revealed that it was essentially the descytotocic effect, interaction with 4-NQO, which contributed to the reduced cytotoxicity of 4-NQO.
Additionally, content of total phenolics increased, while the content of saponin and phytate reduced in soymilk after fermentation. On the other hand, fermentation did not cause a significantly change in the content of flavonoid
Announcement Effects of Private Equity Placements－The Impact of Corporate Governance, Earnings Management, and Intangible Assets
No full text市場通常將私募宣告視為利多消息，然而，私募提供少數人低價買進公司股票之機會，若無健全之治理機制監督把關，易生圖利特定人士而損害公司股東權益之疑慮；為壓低認購價格或吸引投資人認購，管理當局亦有操縱損益以窗飾財報數字之動機。因此，本研究欲檢視私募股票宣告之資訊內涵是否因私募公司之治理機制與盈餘管理行為而有所差異。此外，本研究亦探討私募公司無形資產與私募宣告效果之關聯性，預期無形資產衍生之資訊不對稱難以透過私募籌資有效解決，進而減弱市場正向反應。
本研究以民國91年至95年底辦理私募普通股之上市櫃公司為研究樣本，以私募過程中四個時點為事件日，估算累積異常報酬，並以迴歸分析測試宣告效果之解釋因素。四個事件日之實證結果不盡一致，但整體而言，盈餘管理變數及無形資產變數對累積異常報酬無顯著影響；而部分公司治理變數與異常報酬呈顯著相關，且與預期方向相符，顯示公司治理機制之良窳會影響投資人對於私募案件未來成效之解讀。The announcement of private equity placement is usually considered as a good signal. However, a private placement makes few investors to buy shares with high discounts, so it might benefit specific persons and sacrifice shareholders’ equity without sound corporate governance. It might also motivate managements to manipulate financial statement numbers by lowering the placement price and for attracting investors. Thus, the study examines the impact of corporate governance and earnings management on the information content of private placement announcements. In addition, we also explore the relationship between private placement announcements and information asymmetry caused by intangible assets. We expect that the positive announcement effects will be weaker since accounting information asymmetry is more difficult to be mitigated.
The sample includes TSE-listed and OTC-listed companies that place shares privately from 2002 to 2006. We define four different event dates to estimate cumulative abnormal returns and test the factors influencing the effect of private placement announcements with multiple regression analysis. Empirical results are not consistent on four event dates. In general, earnings management variables and intangible assets variables can not explain announcement effects. Some of corporate governance variables are significantly related to abnormal returns as predicted. The evidence reveals that the market reaction to the private equity placement will reflect the quality of the governance structure.目錄
謝辭 i
中文摘要 ii
Abstract iii
目錄 iv
表目錄 v
圖目錄 v
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機與目的 1
第二節 研究問題 3
第三節 研究架構 4
第二章 文獻探討與假說建立 6
第一節 私募股權制度 6
第二節 私募股權資訊內涵之文獻 9
一、 國外文獻 9
二、 國內文獻 11
第三節 假說建立 13
一、 公司治理對私募股權之影響 13
二、 盈餘管理對私募股權之影響 19
三、 無形資產對私募股權之影響 21
第三章 研究方法 23
第一節 研究模型與變數定義 23
一、 市場模式 23
二、 迴歸分析 24
第二節 樣本選取與資料來源 29
一、 樣本選取 29
二、 資料來源 30
第四章 實證結果與分析 32
第一節 敘述性統計量 32
第二節 相關係數 34
第三節 迴歸分析 35
一、 事件日為董事會決議宣告日 35
二、 事件日為股東會決議日 37
三、 事件日為私募定價日 38
四、 事件日為股款繳納完成日 39
第五章 結論與建議 40
第一節 研究結論 40
第二節 研究限制 41
第三節 建議未來研究方向 42
表目錄
表1-1 敘述性統計量—事件日為董事會決議宣告日 47
表1-2 敘述性統計量—事件日為股東會決議日 48
表1-3 敘述性統計量—事件日為私募定價日 49
表1-4 敘述性統計量—事件日為股款繳納完成日 50
表2-1 相關係數表—事件日為董事會決議宣告日 51
表2-2 相關係數表—事件日為股東會決議日 52
表2-3 相關係數表—事件日為私募定價日 53
表2-4 相關係數表—事件日為股款繳納完成日 54
表3-1 迴歸分析—事件日為董事會決議宣告日，CAR(-2,2) 55
表3-2 迴歸分析—事件日為股東會決議日，CAR(-2,2) 56
表3-3 迴歸分析—事件日為私募定價日，CAR(-2,2) 57
表3-4 迴歸分析—事件日為股款繳納完成日，CAR(-2,2) 58
表A 樣本公司資料 59
表B-1 迴歸分析—事件日為董事會決議宣告日，CAR(-1,1) 60
表B-2 迴歸分析—事件日為股東會決議日，CAR(-1,1) 61
表B-3 迴歸分析—事件日為私募定價日，CAR(-1,1) 62
表B-4 迴歸分析—事件日為股款繳納完成日，CAR(-1,1) 63
圖目錄
圖1 研究架構圖 5
圖2 公開發行公司私募具股權性質有價證券之一般程序
- …
