336 research outputs found
Supplemental Material - The Protective Effects of Apigenin Against Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Injury
No full textSupplemental Material for The Protective Effects of Apigenin Against Radiation‐Induced Intestinal Injury by Danjie Liu, Renjun Peng, Zhongmin Chen, Huijie Yu, Sinian Wang, Suhe Dong, Wei Li, Wen Shao, Jing Dai, Fengsheng Li, Qisheng Jiang and Wanjun Sun in Dose-Response</p
A systematic review of anti-inflammatory agents in the treatment of mood disorders
No full textIntroduction: Inflammatory processes have been implicated in the pathophysiology and progressionof mood disorders, and anti-inflammatory drugs have been used to enhance antidepressant treatmentresponse. This systematic review evaluates current knowledge of the effects of anti-inflammatory agentsas adjunctive treatment or in monotherapy for patients with mood disorders. Methods: Literature search(using PubMed and Embase) of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) which investigated the effects of antiinflammatory drugs in mood disorders, published before October 2016, supplemented by manual searches.Screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted. The primary outcome measureswere measures of depression and manic symptoms. A sub-analysis was performed based on adjunctivetreatment or monotherapy. Results: Thirty-six completed RCTs (including 1775 participants) withtreatment duration varying from 4 to 28 weeks met study inclusion criteria, were identified and includedin this review, including studies of omega-3 fatty acids (n=15), N-acetylcysteine (n=7), non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs (n=6), pioglitazone (n=3), statins (n=3), a tumor necrosis factor antagonist (n=1), andantibiotics (n=1). 4 RCTs investigated monotherapy with omega-3 fatty acids, and 32 studies investigatedadjunctive anti-inflammatory agents. At the endpoint of the study period, 20 of the 32 RCTs adjunctiveuse of anti-inflammatory drugs pronounced a significant improvement in depressive symptoms (P <0.05),including 16 RCTs assessed by Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) with a score variation range from-3.6 to -19.0 (treatment groups) vs -1.9 to -15.8 (placebo groups); 3 studies evaluated by Montgomery-AsbergDepression Rating Scale (MADRS) with a score decrease range from -10.0 to -18.2 (treatment groups)vs +0.9 to -8.8 (placebo groups); and 1 RCT adopting Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) as the primaryoutcome measure with a score reduction of -4.5 (treatment group) vs -0.8 (placebo group). With respectto manic symptoms, 4 of the 11 studies on adjunctive anti-inflammatory agents demonstrated a notableamelioration in bipolar disorder (P <0.05), with the reduction of Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS) scorevaried from -2.0 to -29.8 (treatment groups) vs 0 to -21.8 (placebo groups). Only 1 of the 4 studies estimating monotherapy of omega-3 fatty acids showed a significant antidepressant benefit (P <0.05). Conclusions: Data from eligible RCTs suggest potential beneficial effects for adjunctive anti-inflammatory agents in treatment of mood disorders, especially in depression. Diversity of agents and small sample sizes limited interpretation of the current review. Larger prospective studies are warranted to further elucidate the tolerability and efficacy of anti-inflammatory agents in specific diagnoses and for particular sub-groups of individuals (such as patients with high level of inflammation at baseline)
Effect of Ultrasonic-Assisted Casting on the Hydrogen and Lithium Content of Al-Li Alloy
No full textDehydrogenation of the 2195 Al–Li alloy was accomplished using argon degassing, ultrasonic degassing, and vacuum degassing. The concentration of hydrogen, its microstructure, and its mechanical characteristics were all investigated. The hydrogen content in the 2195 Al–Li alloy is high. The degassing process significantly improved the mechanical properties of the cast alloy, owing the removal of hydrogen. Among the three degassing techniques, ultrasonic argon treatment was an efficient dehydrogenation approach and an effective procedure for enhancing the microstructure while minimizing lithium loss in the Al–Li alloy. On the one hand, ultrasonic waves can dissolve purged argon bubbles, allowing them to degas more efficiently. On the other hand, ultrasonic waves may cause a large number of cavitation bubbles to form in the melt, which should be the cause of the microstructure refinement. The dynamics of rising argon bubbles and ultrasonic effects are involved in ultrasonic argon treatments such as cavitation and flow
Prevalence, clinical correlates and IQ of suicidal ideation in drug naïve Chinese Han patients with major depressive disorder
No full textHighlightsData were collected from 488 Chinese Han drug-naïve MDD patients.The prevalence of suicidal ideation in the study cohort was 32.8%.Patients with SI had a lower measured IQ than patients without SI.Patients with suicidal ideation were more likely to be divorced, have more severe depression symptoms and more psychotic symptoms.<p/
Association of vitamin D receptor gene polymorphism with type 1 diabetes mellitus risk in children: a protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textRecent genetic association studies showed that there are contradictory results on the relationship between vitamin D receptor (VDR) gene polymorphisms and type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) risk in children. The purpose of this systematic review is to collect the currently available evidence to evaluate the relationship between VDR gene polymorphisms and the risk of T1DM in children
Improving force control through end-effector vibration reduction and variable stiffness joint design
No full textPh.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH
On the comprehensive role of thermodynamic and kinetic factors in pyrolysis reaction systems
No full textThe present paper presents the view that, for complex reaction systems the Global Equilibrium Yield (GEY) could be exceeded by the observed yield. We define the Potentiel Maximum Equilibrium Yield (PMEY) which takes into account only the reversible reactions increasing the concentration of the desired product.The author has studied the reactions system of ethane pyrolysis and has calculated the maximum yield of ethylene. The GEY and the PMEY are respectively 5.6 x 10-6 and 0.9745 (in molar fraction) while the observed maximum yield is 0.669.The discussion deals with the comparative roles of thermodynamic and kinetic factors
Polynomial tail solutions of the non-cutoff Boltzmann equation near local Maxwellians
No full textThis paper aims to incorporate the Caflisch\u27s decomposition into the macro-micro decomposition in Boltzmann theory for allowing the microscopic component to exhibit only the polynomial tail in large velocities. In particular, we treat the Cauchy problem on the non-cutoff Boltzmann equation under the compressible Euler scaling in case of three-dimensional whole space. Up to a finite time we construct the Boltzmann solution around a local Maxwellian corresponding to small-amplitude classical solutions of the full compressible Euler system around constant states. We design a new energy functional which can capture the convergence rate in the small Knudsen number and allow the microscopic part of solutions to decay polynomially in large velocities. Moreover, the energy norm of perturbations can be of the order which the usual method of Hilbert expansion fails to obtain. As a byproduct of the proof, our estimates immediately yield a global-in-time existence result when the Euler solutions are taken to be constant states.58 pages. All comments are welcom
Global bounded solutions to the Boltzmann equation for a polyatomic gas
No full textIn this paper we consider the Boltzmann equation modelling the motion of a
polyatomic gas where the integration collision operator in comparison with the
classical one involves an additional internal energy variable
and a parameter standing for the degree of
freedom. In perturbation framework, we establish the global well-posedness for
bounded mild solutions near global equilibria on torus. The proof is based on
the approach. Precisely, we first study the decay
property for the linearized equation, then use the iteration technique for the
linear integral operator to get the linear weighted decay, and in
the end obtain bounds as well as exponential time decay of solutions
for the nonlinear problem with the help of the Duhamel's principle. Throughout
the proof, we present a careful analysis for treating the extra effect of
internal energy variable and the parameter .Comment: 31 pages. All comments are welcom
Functional Coupling with Cardiac Muscle Promotes Maturation of hPSC-Derived Sympathetic Neurons
No full textNeurons derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are powerful tools for studying human neural development and diseases. Robust functional coupling of hPSC-derived neurons with target tissues in vitro is essential for modeling intercellular physiology in a dish and to further translational studies, but it has proven difficult to achieve. Here, we derive sympathetic neurons from hPSCs and show that they can form physical and functional connections with cardiac muscle cells. Using multiple hPSC reporter lines, we recapitulated human autonomic neuron development in vitro and successfully isolated PHOX2B::eGFP+ neurons that exhibit sympathetic marker expression and electrophysiological properties and norepinephrine secretion. Upon pharmacologic and optogenetic manipulation, PHOX2B:: eGFP+ neurons controlled beating rates of cardiomyocytes, and the physical interactions between these cells increased neuronal maturation. This study provides a foundation for human sympathetic neuron specification and for hPSC-based neuronal control of organs in a dish.
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