1,072 research outputs found
Courtesans and soldier's wives: an analysis of three cases in the Qingming ji 清明集
No full textIn this article the author discusses three lawsuits in the Ming gong shu pan qingming ji 名公書判清明集 (“Collection of Enlightened Judgements”) which concern the punishment of women, either by registration as a government-courtesan or by being forced to become a soldier’s wife
sj-pdf-1-pic-10.1177_09544062211025073 - Supplemental material for Numerical investigations of the clinching process and the failure prediction of clinched joints for dissimilar sheets
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-pic-10.1177_09544062211025073 for Numerical investigations of the clinching process and the failure prediction of clinched joints for dissimilar sheets by Qihan Li, Chuanwei Xu, Song Gao, Fenglei Ma, Qingming Zhao, Dongwei Gu and Xiaoheng Han in Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science</p
Urbanization in China: Through the City Construction in Qingming Scroll and the Proposition of New-Type Urbanization
Full text linkIn the 2019 Government Work Report of The State Council[1], Prime Minister of the People’s Republic of China, Li Keqiang, stressed the need to “promote coordinated regional development and improve the quality of new-type urbanization.” The Government Work Report of The State Council in May 2020 puts forward the basic principles of strengthening the new-type urbanization and improving the capacity of public service facilities[2]. (Xinhua News Agency [XNA], 2020). It is necessary to promote sustainable and livable urbanization. What should urbanization be like in the case of the new type as a crucial task of construction? How should it deepen the reform of the household registration system and promote economic development beyond the population balance of cities? Based on city clusters, how should urbanization further be promoted and comprehensively driven the Chinese economy after the epidemic? Will the "street stall economy" and "small shop economy" jointly proposed by the Central Civilization Office and Prime Minister in 2020 be a new opportunity? By reviewing Urbanization in China (2019) written by Houkai Wei, this paper believes that Qingming Scroll, as an observable example of the economic prosperity of the Northern Song Dynasty, can be a breakthrough in the analysis of the new-type urbanization. Taking the urbanization of the Northern Song Dynasty shown in Qingming Scroll as a base, this paper will further give a new answer on how to further develop and improve the new urbanization. Based on the analysis of the national urbanization of Bianjing in the Northern Song Dynasty shown and the process given by Urbanization in China, this paper further speculates and constructs the possibility of development. Therefore, according to the characteristics of cities and the nature of urban development in the Northern Song Dynasty, this paper tries to analyze the structure of urbanization in New China and discusses feasible new ways of the urban economy.[1] Li, Keqiang. (2019). Report on the Work of the Government of the State Council.[2] Xinhua News Agency. (2020). Report on the Work of the Government for 2020
Advances in Optical Coherence Tomography for Biological Imaging
No full textAdvances in Optical Coherence Tomography will be discussed. Sensitivity advantages of Spectral or Fourier Domain and Optical Frequency Domain Imaging or Swept Source OCT will be explained, and examples of clinical applications will be presented
Electromagnetic scattering from biological tissue
No full textBased on the mathematical models of the experimentally fitted spectrum of index inhomogeneities, we
analyze the electromagnetic field scattered from biological tissue. The resulting cross-spectral density
matrices are expressed in spherical polar coordinates and the two-dimensional definition of polarization
could be used. The results show that the polarization characteristics of the far scattered field depend closely
on the types of the tissue
Molecular application of spectral photoacoustic imaging in pancreatic cancer pathology
No full textSpectral imaging is an advanced photo-acoustic (PA) mode that can discern optical absorption of contrast agent(s) in
the tissue micro-environment. This advancement is made possible by precise control of optical wavelength using a
tunable pulsed laser, ranging from 680-970 nm. Differential optical absorption of blood oxygenation states makes
spectral imaging of hemoglobin ideal to investigate remodeling of the tumor microenvironment- a molecular change
that renders resistance to standard cancer treatment.
Approach: Photo-acoustic imaging was performed on the Vevo® LAZR system (VisualSonics) at 5-20 Hz. Deep
abdominal imaging was accomplished with a LZ250D probe at a center frequency of 21MHz and an axial resolution
of 75 μm. The tumor model was generated in an immune compromised mouse by surgical implantation of primary
patient derived tumors, in the pancreas.
Results: Spectral imaging for oxygen saturation at 750 nm and 850 nm characterized this tumor with a poorly
oxygenated core surrounded by a well oxygenated periphery. Multispectral imaging identified a sub region in the
core with a four-fold signal exclusively at 750 and 800 nm. A co-registered 2D image of this region was shown to be
echogenic and calcification was suspected. Perfusion imaging with contrast enhanced ultrasound using
microbubbles (Vevo MicroMarker® contrast agents, VisualSonics) identified functional vessels towards this sub
region. Histology confirmed calcification and vascularization in the tumor core. Taken together, non-invasive
characterization of the tumor microenvironment using photo-acoustics rendered spectral imaging a sensitive tool to
monitor molecular changes representative of progression of pancreatic cancer that kills within 6 months of
diagnosis
Numerical Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar (NSHPB) test and its applications in the assessment and improvement of SHPB test results
No full textThe current SHPB technique together with its limitation and inaccuracy is reviewed and studied in this research program.Doctor of Philosophy (CEE
Effects of positive and negative mood induction on the prefrontal cortex activity measured by near infrared spectroscopy
No full textThe neurophysiological mechanism of positive versus negative emotions is insuffi ciently understood. In the present study, we examined the effect of event recall tasks on the prefrontal cortex (PFC) activity using near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Nine healthy adults were instructed to recall episodes of their life associated with positive (happiness) and negative (anger) emotion, both silently and verbally. Heart rate (HR) changes were simultaneously measured. NIRS showed an increased oxyhemoglobin (oxy-Hb) in the bilateral PFC during silent and verbal recall of both positive and negative episodes. The changes of oxy-Hb in the bilateral PFC during silent recall of negative episodes were signifi cantly larger than those during silent recall of positive episodes (p < 0.01). There was no difference in average changes of oxy-Hb between silent and verbal recall of negative episodes (p > 0.95), while changes of oxy-Hb during verbal recall of positive episodes were larger than those during silent recall of positive episodes (p < 0.05). Both verbal and silent recall of positive and negative episodes increased HR; however, verbal recall caused larger increases of HR than silent recall (p < 0.01). The present results suggest that recall of negative episodes affect the PFC activity, which plays a key role in cognitive control of emotions, more than positive episodes
Simulation of near-infrared light propagation through the thorax of a neonate : Addressing the optimisation of source and detector positions for measuring lung oxygen content in preterm infants
No full textGas in scattering media absorption spectroscopy shortly called GASMAS, is a tunable diode laser spectroscopic technique developed for the measurement of gas present in turbid media. The technique relies on the sharp and specific absorption lines of gases which enables sensitive measurements of gas concentrations in the presence of a scattering solid medium with much broader absorption features. The Biophotonics laboratory at Tyndall National Institute (Biophotonics@Tyndall) is currently exploring the clinical translation of GASMAS technology into the respiratory healthcare of neonates. In this study, we use computational tools to assess the potential gain in gas absorption signal. One of the challenges in the development of the GASMAS technique is to obtain a sufficiently good signal in the measurements, as the light attenuation is high in tissue and the lungs are interior organs. To have an estimation of the capabilities and limitations in this specific application of gas spectroscopy, we model the transmission of near infrared (NIR) light in tissue when a 760 nm source and a set of 68 detectors are placed in different locations over the thorax. We segmented the main organs of the thorax from anonymized DICOM images of a neonate. This is followed by the creation of 3D computational models to solve light propagation with the diffusion equation, and the modelling of light propagation through the thorax of an infant including optical properties of lung, heart, arteries, bone, muscle, trachea, fat and skin. Finally, we calculate a map of the optimal light source - detector configurations to obtain the highest signal from oxygen gas imprint in the lungs. The use of computational tools such as NIRFAST Slicer 2.0 for investigation and further understanding of the advantages and limitations of the technology is fundamental. Such simulations enable the recreation of different clinical scenarios and identification of the minimum requirements necessary to further improve the application and develop a bedside clinical device that can potentially be used for continuous monitoring of lung function and control of ventilator settings. The potential capability of measuring non-invasively oxygen, water vapour and carbon dioxide in the lungs, would reduce the need for intubation and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, as well as lower the incidences of chronic lung disease
Recovery of gold from hydrometallurgical leaching solution of electronic waste via spontaneous reduction by polyaniline
No full textThe present study is primarily designed to develop an environmentally-benign approach for the recovery of precious metals, especially gold, from the ever increasingly-discarded electronic wastes (e-waste). By coupling the metal reduction process with an increase in the intrinsic oxidation state of the aniline polymers, and the subsequent re-protonation and reduction of the intrinsically oxidized polymer to the protonated emeraldine (EM) salt, polyaniline (PANi) films and polyaniline coated cotton fibers are able to recover metallic gold from acid/halide leaching solutions of electronic wastes spontaneously and sustainably. The current technique, which does not require the use of extensive extracting reagents or external energy input, can recover as much as 90% of gold from the leaching acidic solutions. The regeneration of polyaniline after gold recovery, as confirmed by the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements, promises the continuous operation using the current approach. The as-recovered elemental gold can be further concentrated and purified by incineration in air
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