24,840 research outputs found
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No full text[[abstract]]<<韓非子>>是集法家之大成的著作,同時也是法學專著的代表,此乃學術界
所公認之事實,然而在其法家思想的背後,卻又以儒、道、墨、法、名、陰
陽等各家思想為其思想背景,本篇論文即以<<韓非子>>的道家色彩為命題,
旨在探討<<韓非子>>與道家思想的關係,一方面對<<韓非子>>的思想做一
追本溯源的釐清,另一方面也由此突顯出<<韓非子>>中濃厚的道家色彩
。<<韓非子>>中最具道家色彩的篇章,如<主道>、<揚搉>、<解老>、<喻
老>、<大體>、<觀行>等諸篇,很多學者認為此六篇應非韓非之著作,然本
篇論文便以<<韓非子>>的現行本為研究對象,並以此六篇為研究主軸,由思
想與文學兩方面來論證此六篇在<<韓非子>>書中應有的存在價值及意義,
並由此六篇道、法結合的微妙思想內容及文學用語,揭示出<<韓非子>>中
以道為法用、因道全法的思想面貌,同時也由此六篇在<<韓非子>>中所扮
演的角色,論定其他各篇具有道家色彩的篇章也應為<<韓非子>>中的一部
分,而不可斷然將之畫出<<韓非子>>思想體系之外。由<<韓非子>>的<解
老>、<喻老>中,可知韓非的解釋<<老子>>,乃是透過黃老思想的影響,進一
步對<<老子>>哲學做一番新的吸收與改造,而<主道>、<揚搉>、<大體>、<
觀行>四篇的虛靜、自然、因等詞,也是以含有黃老道家的思想成分進一步
為法家所用的道家用語,因此,本篇論文的道家便包含了原始道家以及黃老
道家兩層意義。原始道家以老子、莊子為代表,黃老道家以慎到、申不害
為代表,由此表現出<<韓非子>>思想與道家思想的關係。本篇論文的研討
路線是以道家之「道」為總綱,而後以「道」的特質因情、虛靜、任自然
三者,分別論述其與<<韓非子>>法、術、勢三者間的轉化與結合,並以道、
法二家的共同理想「無為而治」為政治理論的總結,最後再以單一的「相
對」概念與文學層面的研討,由另一角度探討<<韓非子>>中濃厚的道家色
彩,並呈現出此六篇獨特的文學特色。
None-Mother-Powder Method to Prepare Dense Li-Garnet Solid Electrolytes with High Critical Current Density
No full textCubic Li-garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (c-LLZO) is a promising
Li+ ion conductor for applications as a ceramic solid electrolyte
in next generation high safety lithium batteries. The sintering temperature
of c-LLZO is usually higher than 1100 °C, where Li-loss is severe,
especially in conventional air ambient sintering method. Covering
the green body with “mother powder” is often adopted
for compensating the Li-loss. The mother powder having the same composition
as the green body cannot be repeatedly use, which raises the cost
of the c-LLZO ceramics. A self-compensating Li-loss method without
mother powder is proposed and investigated to prepare high-quality
c-LLZO ceramics. In this method, excess lithium is added to c-LLZO
green pellets to self-compensate Li-loss at high temperature. The
impact of different amounts of excess Li and crucible material, such
as Pt, MgO, Al2O3, and ZrO2 is studied.
With optimized such sintering method, Ta doped LLZO pellets with 10%
excess Li can be well sintered inside low-cost MgO crucible without
mother powder at 1250 °C for only 40 min and laboratory scale
production is demonstrated. The ceramics have relative densities of
∼96%, conductivities of ∼6.47 × 10–4 S cm–1 and critical current density of 1.15 mA
cm–2 at 25 °C, which is fundamental for further
researches on solid-state batteries
None-Mother-Powder Method to Prepare Dense Li-Garnet Solid Electrolytes with High Critical Current Density
No full textCubic Li-garnet Li7La3Zr2O12 (c-LLZO) is a promising
Li+ ion conductor for applications as a ceramic solid electrolyte
in next generation high safety lithium batteries. The sintering temperature
of c-LLZO is usually higher than 1100 °C, where Li-loss is severe,
especially in conventional air ambient sintering method. Covering
the green body with “mother powder” is often adopted
for compensating the Li-loss. The mother powder having the same composition
as the green body cannot be repeatedly use, which raises the cost
of the c-LLZO ceramics. A self-compensating Li-loss method without
mother powder is proposed and investigated to prepare high-quality
c-LLZO ceramics. In this method, excess lithium is added to c-LLZO
green pellets to self-compensate Li-loss at high temperature. The
impact of different amounts of excess Li and crucible material, such
as Pt, MgO, Al2O3, and ZrO2 is studied.
With optimized such sintering method, Ta doped LLZO pellets with 10%
excess Li can be well sintered inside low-cost MgO crucible without
mother powder at 1250 °C for only 40 min and laboratory scale
production is demonstrated. The ceramics have relative densities of
∼96%, conductivities of ∼6.47 × 10–4 S cm–1 and critical current density of 1.15 mA
cm–2 at 25 °C, which is fundamental for further
researches on solid-state batteries
None Corresponding author
No full textPURPOSE. The outer blood-retina barrier (BRB) separates the neural retina from the choroidal vasculature, which is responsible for approximately 80% of blood supplies in the eye. To determine the significance of outer BRB breakdown in diabetic retinopathy, the outer BRB-specific leakage of macromolecules in diabetic and ischemic rodents was investigated. METHODS. Diabetes and ischemia were induced in rodents by streptozotocin and oxygen-induced retinopathy, respectively. Diabetic and ischemic rodents were injected intravenously with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-dextran. The outer BRB-specific leakage in diabetic and ischemic rodents was visualized by fluorescent microscopy. RESULTS. A microscopic imaging assay was developed to examine outer BRB breakdown. The outer BRB-specific leakage of fluorescent macromolecules was visualized in diabetic and ischemic rodents. Substantial leakages of macromolecules through the outer BRB in diabetic and ischemic rodents were detected with this assay. The number of severe outer BRB leakage sites is inversely proportional to the size of macromolecules. Significant depletion of occludin in the RPE of ischemic and diabetic rodents was also observed. CONCLUSIONS. For the first time, a microscopic imaging assay for directly visualizing macromolecules leaked through the outer BRB in rodents was developed. Using this assay, the authors demonstrated the significance of outer BRB breakdown in diabetes and ischemia, which will have implications to the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of diabetic macular edema and other ocular diseases with outer BRB defects. The microscopic imaging assay established in this study will likely be very useful to the development of drugs for macular edema. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2011;52:2160 -2164 DOI:10.1167/ iovs.10-6518 A unique feature about the human retina is the presence of two blood-retina barriers (BRBs), the inner and outer BRBs that are formed by tight junctions between adjacent endothelial or retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. While the inner BRB has been well studied due to its apparent relevance to diabetic retinopathy and retinopathy of prematurity, little is known about the biology and pathophysiology of the outer BRB. The outer BRB separates the neural retina from a network of fenestrated vessels called choriocapillaris, which is the major blood supplier for the neural retina. The outer BRB plays many essential roles in the maintenance of normal physiological processes in the retina, through the transport of nutrients, water, and ions, and the removal of metabolic wastes (for review, see Ref. 1). A major outer BRB function is to participate in phagocytosis, a process that requires the daily renewal and removal of approximately 10% of lipid-rich photoreceptor outer segment discs. 2 Thus, the outer BRB plays a crucial role in the transport and recycle of fatty acids, 3 such as docosahexaenoic acid, which is a major component of photoreceptors and is important to retinal function. 7 These active transports are fueled by the Na ϩ -K ϩ -ATPase, located in the apical side of the RPE. 1 Finally, the outer BRB is also responsible for the removal of excessive water in the subretinal space to the choriocapillaris, which is driven by the transport of Cl Ϫ and K ϩ . 1,8 The diabetes-induced outer BRB dysfunction has been observed in humans and animals. 9 -12 Morphologic changes in the RPE can be readily detected in diabetic animals, 18 Despite these observations, the contribution of outer BRB dysfunction in diabetic retinopathy is almost neglected. A major hurdle for an insufficient progress in this area is the difficulty to measure the outer BRB-specific leakage experimentally, as existing methods cannot clearly distinguish the macromolecules leaked through the outer BRB and what appeared to be the overwhelming inner BRB-specific leakage under pathologic conditions. Consequently the extent and significance of outer BRBspecific leakage to the pathology of macular edema and other BRB diseases are unclear. Therefore, we recently developed a fluorescent microscopic imaging assay for visualizing and quantifying the outer BRB-specific leakage in diabetic and ischemic rodents after intravenous injection of fluorescent macromolecules. This report summarizes our study on the development of the methodology and visualization/detection of outer BRB breakdown in diabetic and ischemic rodents
none
No full textThe purpose of this study was to explore the effects of K.K.phonetic symbols-assisted instruction on students\uef\ubc English achievement and motivation for learning.
A quasi-expermental design was used. The subjects were 75 sixth-grade students from elementary school.They were divided into three groups.After an English achievement Test and the scale of Motivation for Learning English,the K.K.phonetic symbols-assisted instruction was implemented .After 4 months of instruction, all groups took an English Achievement Test and the Scale of Motivation .
The results were as the followings:
1. No significant difference was found between the phonics group and the phonics+K.K. phonetic symbols group in their English Achievement Test.
2. No significant difference was found between the phonics group and the phonics+K.K. phonetic symbols group in their motivation for learning English.
3. There were significant differences found between the phonics+K.K. group-consonant and vowel taught together and the phonics+K.K. phonetic symbols group-taught separately in their English Achievement Test.
4. There were significant differences found between the phonics+K.K. group-consonant and vowel taught together and the phonics+K.K. phonetic symbols group-taught separately in their motivation for learning English.
Finally, based on the findings of this study, suggestions for administrators, teachers, and future research were discusse
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