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New fossil Praeaulacinae wasps (Insect: Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Praeaulacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China
No full textLi, Longfeng, Shih, Chungkun, Ren, Dong (2014): New fossil Praeaulacinae wasps (Insect: Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Praeaulacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China. Zootaxa 3814 (3): 432-442, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.1
Figure 2 in Two new fossil wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apocrita) from northeastern China
No full textFigure 2. Praeaulacus obtutus sp. nov. line drawings of holotype. (A) Body with wings (CNU- HYM-NN-2012039p); (B) body with wings (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039c); (C) forewings of counterpart; (D) hind wing of counterpart. Scale bars = 1 mm.Published as part of Li, LongFeng & Shih, ChungKun, 2014, Two new fossil wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apocrita) from northeastern China, pp. 829-840 in Journal of Natural History 49 (13) on page 832, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.953223, http://zenodo.org/record/400395
Figure 1 in Two new fossil wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apocrita) from northeastern China
No full textFigure 1. Praeaulacus obtutus sp. nov., photographs of holotype CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p/c. (A) Part (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039p); (B) counterpart (CNU-HYM-NN-2012039c); (C) wings of counterpart (with alcohol); (D) head and thorax of part (with alcohol); (E) head and thorax of counterpart. pro, pronotum; me, mesonotum; mm, mesoscutellum; met, metanotum; pm, propodeum; hc, hind coxa. Scale bars = 1 mm.Published as part of Li, LongFeng & Shih, ChungKun, 2014, Two new fossil wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apocrita) from northeastern China, pp. 829-840 in Journal of Natural History 49 (13) on page 831, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.953223, http://zenodo.org/record/400395
Praeaulacus Rasnitsyn 1972
No full textGenus Praeaulacus Rasnitsyn, 1972 Type species Praeaulacus ramosus Rasnitsyn, 1972 Included species Eight species: P. cephalotus, P. cubocephalus, P. elegans, P. leptogaster, P. magnus, P. obscures, P. ramosus and P. ventricosus, are from Upper Jurassic of Karatau- Mikhailovka in Kazakhstan; eight species (including a new species): P. orientalis, P. daohugouensis, P. scabratus, P. exquisitus, P. sculptus, P. robustus, P. afflatus and P. obtutus sp. nov. from Middle Jurassic of Jiulongshan Formation in China; two species: P. patiens and P. sharteg, from Lower Cretaceous of Shar-Teg in Mongolia.Published as part of Li, LongFeng & Shih, ChungKun, 2014, Two new fossil wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apocrita) from northeastern China, pp. 829-840 in Journal of Natural History 49 (13) on pages 830-831, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.953223, http://zenodo.org/record/400395
Proapocritus Rasnitsyn 1975
No full textProapocritus Rasnitsyn, 1975 Emended diagnosis Wings with complete venation, forewing with 1-Rs directed slightly posterodistally; 1r-rs, 2r-m, 3r-m, 2m-cu, 2A and a 1 -a 2 present, cu-a interstitial or postfurcal; hind wing with enclosed cell r; Rs originating not basad of M + Cu fork. Type species Proapocritus praecuesor Rasnitsyn, 1975 Included species The type species and Proapocritus densipediculus, Rasnitsyn and Zhang, 2010; Proapocritus sculptus, Proapocritus formosus, Proapocritus atropus, Proapocritus longantennatus, Proapocritus elegans and Proapocritus bialatus sp. nov.Published as part of Li, LongFeng & Shih, ChungKun, 2014, Two new fossil wasps (Insecta: Hymenoptera: Apocrita) from northeastern China, pp. 829-840 in Journal of Natural History 49 (13) on page 834, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2014.953223, http://zenodo.org/record/400395
Archaulacus Li, Shih & Ren, 2014, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Archaulacus gen. nov. Type species. Archaulacus probus sp. nov. Etymology. From the Greek arch-, meaning “ancient”, and generic name Aulacus. Diagnosis. Head transversely board. Antenna consisting of more than 20 antennomeres. Fore wing with Rs originating far from pterostigma, pterostigma narrow, long, parallel-sided; first abscissa of Rs subvertical to R; 2 rrs meeting Rs quite basad of 2 r-m and slightly longer than the maximal width of 2 rm; 2 m-cu slightly basad of 2 r-m, 2 rm slightly longer and narrower than 3 rm; 2 rm in contact with 1 mcu by a point; cu-a postfurcal. Hind wing with C present. Metasomal long-ovoid with first metasomal segment nearly triangular, ovipositor longer than fore wing. Remarks. We assigned Archaulacus to Praeaulacidae by the following diagnosis: long, polymerous antennae with smooth contours; fore wing with M+Cu forking much close to pterostigma than to wing base, 1 r-rs absent, 2 rm, 3 r-m and 2 m-cu present, 2 A absent; ovipositor long with sheaths more than half length of metasoma. However, the new genus differs from other praeaulacines in fore wing with first abscissa of Rs subvertical to R; 2 r-rs meeting Rs quite basad of 2 r-m and slightly longer than the maximal width of 2 rm; 2 m-cu slightly basad of 2 r-m. Species included. Archaulacus probus sp. nov.Published as part of Li, Longfeng, Shih, Chungkun & Ren, Dong, 2014, New fossil Praeaulacinae wasps (Insect: Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Praeaulacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China, pp. 432-442 in Zootaxa 3814 (3) on page 433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/23048
Archaulacus Li, Shih & Ren, 2014, gen. nov.
No full textGenus Archaulacus gen. nov. Type species. Archaulacus probus sp. nov. Etymology. From the Greek arch-, meaning “ancient”, and generic name Aulacus. Diagnosis. Head transversely board. Antenna consisting of more than 20 antennomeres. Fore wing with Rs originating far from pterostigma, pterostigma narrow, long, parallel-sided; first abscissa of Rs subvertical to R; 2 rrs meeting Rs quite basad of 2 r-m and slightly longer than the maximal width of 2 rm; 2 m-cu slightly basad of 2 r-m, 2 rm slightly longer and narrower than 3 rm; 2 rm in contact with 1 mcu by a point; cu-a postfurcal. Hind wing with C present. Metasomal long-ovoid with first metasomal segment nearly triangular, ovipositor longer than fore wing. Remarks. We assigned Archaulacus to Praeaulacidae by the following diagnosis: long, polymerous antennae with smooth contours; fore wing with M+Cu forking much close to pterostigma than to wing base, 1 r-rs absent, 2 rm, 3 r-m and 2 m-cu present, 2 A absent; ovipositor long with sheaths more than half length of metasoma. However, the new genus differs from other praeaulacines in fore wing with first abscissa of Rs subvertical to R; 2 r-rs meeting Rs quite basad of 2 r-m and slightly longer than the maximal width of 2 rm; 2 m-cu slightly basad of 2 r-m. Species included. Archaulacus probus sp. nov.Published as part of Li, Longfeng, Shih, Chungkun & Ren, Dong, 2014, New fossil Praeaulacinae wasps (Insect: Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Praeaulacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China, pp. 432-442 in Zootaxa 3814 (3) on page 433, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/23048
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Archaulacus probus Li, Shih & Ren, 2014, sp. nov.
No full textArchaulacus probus sp. nov. (Fig. 1) Etymology. The specific name is from Latin “ probus ” meaning excellent, referring to the well-preservation of this specimen. Type material. Holotype: female. No. CNU-HYM-NN- 2012033. Well preserved with almost complete body, antenna and wings. Color brown, particularly on mesosoma and metasoma. Occurrence. Daohugou Village, Shantou Township, Ningcheng County, Inner Mongolia, China, Jiulongshan Formation, late Middle Jurassic (Callovian–Bathonian boundary). Diagnosis. As for genus. Description. Head medium-sized, transversely broad, nearly 1.6 times as wide as long. Antenna with 20 antennomeres as preserved; scape thin basally, swollen distally, and slightly longer than wide; pedicel short, distinctly narrower than scape distally; first through seventh flagellomeres as preserved subequal in length and about 2–3 times as long as wide, remaining ones slightly longer than wide. Mesosoma stout, nearly as long as high. Pronotum comparatively long but partly covered by head. Mesonotum transversely ridged; mesoscutellum about half length of mesoscutum. Metanotum short; propodeum, metanotum and coxae coarsely areolate; propodeal foramen much closer to metapostnotum than to hind coxa. Legs incomplete, mid-coxa close hind-coxa, both swollen; hind leg with coxa thick, slightly longer than wide; trochanter swollen, nearly 2 times as long as wide; hind femur slightly longer and wider than mid femur. Fore wing with Rs origin far from pterostigma; first abscissa of Rs subvertical to R and Rs+M, 1 Rs shorter than that of 1 M and 0.8 times length of its distance to pterostigma; 2 r-rs meeting Rs quite basad of 2 r-m and slightly longer than the maximal width of 2 rm; 2 m-cu slightly basad of 2 r-m, 2 rm slightly longer and narrower than 3 rm; 2 rm in contact with 1 mcu by a point, 1 mcu nearly parallelogrammic, about 1.7 times as long as wide; cu-a postfurcal and slightly shorter than first abscissa of M. Metasoma long-ovoid, with seven segments; first segment broadly triangular and about as long as maximum width; remaining subequal in length and slightly shorter than first. Ovipositor slightly longer than fore wing. Measurements in mm. Antenna length 4.2 (as preserved); head length 0.8, width 1.3 mm; mesosomal length 1.9; fore wing length 4.6, width 1.9; metasomal length 3.8; ovipositor length 5.8.Published as part of Li, Longfeng, Shih, Chungkun & Ren, Dong, 2014, New fossil Praeaulacinae wasps (Insect: Hymenoptera: Evanioidea: Praeaulacidae) from the Middle Jurassic of China, pp. 432-442 in Zootaxa 3814 (3) on pages 433-435, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3814.3.10, http://zenodo.org/record/23048
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