1,720,955 research outputs found
The Research of Performance Evaluation Implemented by the Administration of R.O.C.-- Based on the Ministry of the Interior Implements the Performance Bonus System
No full text績效獎金制度雖為提振我國公務人員競爭力之重大變革，惟其中似有制度設計與實際執行時的問題，尤其是在績效指標的建立與及其評估的運作過程，更是此項制度是否成功的重要關鍵因素，因此，希冀以內政部實施績效獎金為例，藉由深度訪談內政部員工之反應與分析目前所遭遇之困難，討論目前績效獎金制度設計之優劣，期能對現行績效獎金制度的相關缺失提出具體的改進建議，俾能使得此項新制度能更臻於完善，進而提升行政績效與國家競爭力。第一章 緒論…………………………………………………………………1
第一節 研究動機、目的與問題………………………………………1
第二節 研究途徑與方法………………………………………………6
第三節 研究範圍與限制………………………………………………8
第四節 研究架構與章節安排…………………………………………10
第二章 績效評估理論、國內外績效獎金制度分析及文獻回顧…………12
第一節 績效評估理論…………………………………………………12
第二節 國外實施績效獎金制度之經驗分析…………………………30
第三節 我國實施績效獎金制度之實務分析…………………………39
第四節 文獻回顧………………………………………………………52
第三章 我國實施績效獎金之背景分析……………………………………63
第一節 政治層面………………………………………………………63
第二節 法律層面………………………………………………………69
第四章 內政部實施績效獎金制度之個案分析……………………………72
第一節 內政部績效獎金評核作業及衡量指標之設計………………72
第二節 訪談設計………………………………………………………84
第三節 訪談實施與資料歸類及編碼…………………………………87
第四節 訪談資料分析…………………………………………………92
第五章 發現與建議…………………………………………………………97
第一節 研究發現………………………………………………………97
第二節 政策建議………………………………………………………100
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………102
附錄一：訪談資料逐字稿……………………………………………………107
附錄二：內政部95年度施政計畫……………………………………………118
附錄三：內政部95年實施績效獎金評核作業計畫…………………………12
Study of Heterogeneous Aggregation, Packing, and Self-Assembly of Colloids using Discrete Elements
No full text膠體粒子(colloid)均勻分散於某種介質中就是所謂的膠體分散系(colloidal dispersion)，應用膠體系統於陶瓷製程已有數百萬年的歷史，而在各種陶瓷製程中，本研究主要著眼於光閘晶體(photonic bandgap crystals, 簡稱PBG crystals)的相關製程，其中，如何維持膠體系統的穩定則是最關鍵的課題。
應用電腦模擬來研究膠體系統的穩定是一個相當有趣的方式，文獻中可以找到不少膠體系統的模擬方法，然而，至今尚未有一個較具代表性的模擬工具，要取得程式碼來根據我們的應用需求加以修改也相當困難。因此，本研究的第一個目標就是開發一個研究膠體粒子動態行為的數值模擬工具。在本研究中，我們根據布朗動力學（Brownian dynamics）的Langevin Equation，整合粒間作用力（主要為DLVO理論）、布朗運動（Brownian motion）和系統力場（field forces），開發了一個物件導向的離散元素模擬程式。程式開發中，解決了模擬過程中的幾何衝突、聚結的形成與移動、碰撞效率等課題，模擬結果並與文獻中的模擬案例以及smoluchowski的聚結理論相比較，來驗證程式的適用性。
本研究的第二個目標是利用上述膠體粒子模擬程式來模擬光閘晶體相關的製程，從觀察模擬過程中的微結構變化來掌握合成光閘晶體的關鍵因素，並以異質聚結(heterogeneous aggregation)、光閘晶體的堆疊(packing of PBG crystals)、利用樣板的自我組裝(template-directed self-assembly)為研究案例。
在異質聚結的案例研究中，對於奈米到次微米等級的膠體粒子，受到布朗運動與DLVO作用的交互影響有深入的探討，從而推論布朗運動對於奈米等級的膠體粒子有顯著的重要性。另外，從對異質聚結製程的模擬，我們也提供合成SiO2/TiO2核殼結構(core/shell structure)複合粒子的重要因素。
在光閘晶體的堆疊案例研究中，我們觀察SiO2顆粒在水中從沉降到聚結成形的過程。藉由觀察堆疊過程中顆粒排列微結構與RDF分析的變化，可以發現當沉積體形成後，顆粒間仍不斷地調整顆粒與顆粒間排列的位置；而當顆粒間的表面互斥能量較大時，可以形成區域性的整齊排列。
在利用樣板的自我組裝的案例研究中，利用簡單的幾何分析，搭配1000顆SiO2取向附生(epitaxy)的模擬驗證，我們認為用來合成三維光閘晶體的樣板，其最佳排列模式為具有2.45r間距的方形排列。
總和而言，利用電腦模擬配合實驗觀察的研究方法，十分適合膠體系統製程的研究，後續將可期待更廣泛的應用。A colloidal dispersion is a system in which the dispersed particles through the medium are much larger than the molecules of the medium. Ceramic manufacturing has been processed by means of the colloidal system for several millennia. The colloidal system applications in this study focus on photonic bandgap (PBG) crystal related processes where the maintenance of the stability is critical.
Computer simulation offers a potential means to study colloidal stability. Several simulation methods have been presented in the literature for the colloidal system simulation. However, none of them is eminent and none of the source code is available for further modification to conduct our application cases of interests. Thus, the first objective of this study is to develop a simulation program which can properly mimic the dynamic behaviors of colloids in a finite system. In this study, an Object-Oriented DEM (discrete element method) based Brownian dynamics simulation system is developed to mimic the integrated behavior of colloidal particles in a suspension. The Langevin-type equations of motion are employed in the DEM simulation program to govern the movement of colloidal particles subjected to inter-particle interactions (mainly DLVO interaction), field forces, and the Brownian motion (in diffusive scale). Several techniques are proposed to solve the relating problem during the simulation, including the overlapping of particles, formation of agglomerations, and the collision efficiency. Simulation cases of a centrifugal casting and a rapid Brownian coagulation have been conducted to verify the feasibility of the program. The simulation results agree well with the simulation results reported in the literature and the theoretical predictions of Smoluchowski’s kinetics of coagulation theory.
The second objective is to seek the implications of the recipe for synthesizing the PBG crystals by monitoring transformation during simulation. To this end, three simulation cases were conducted; these include coating PBG particles by heterogeneous aggregation, packing of PBG crystals, and template-directed crystallization of PBG crystals.
For the case of heterogeneous aggregation, intensive studies have been conducted to understand the importance of Brownian motion for colloidal particles in nano and sub-micron scales. The importance of Brownian motion was illustrated when the particle size is in the order of ten nm. The recipes for synthesizing core/shell structures by mean of heterogeneous aggregation were suggested.
For the case of PBG crystal packing, the processes of self-assembly of the silica spheres on the solid substrate were studied. The evolution of the positional order in the process of the assembly was demonstrated by means of snapshots visualization and RDF analysis. We found that particles inside a sediment cake continue adjusting their positions by inter-particle interactions even after the height of the sediment cake has reached a stable condition.
For the case of template-directed crystallization, a simple and heuristic analysis to find the most appropriate template pattern to synthesize well-ordered PBG by colloidal epitaxy was proposed. The analysis was verified by a series of simulations based on a system of 1000 SiO2 particles. The cubic array template provided only one kind of site for the upward layers. A cubic array with lattice spacing of 2.45r was illustrated to be the best designed template for synthesizing the PBG crystals.
In conclusion, we have shown that computer simulation is a proper tool to study the colloidal process, for example, to monitor the transformation from the initial state to the consolidated result. The collaboration of simulations and experiments on studying the colloidal processes have been demonstrated in this study, and we believe that further novel advancing through such venue is expected in the future.Table of Contents
誌謝 I
摘要 III
Abstract V
Table of contents VII
List of Figures XI
List of Tables XVII
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 General 1
1.2 Colloidal domain and computer simulation 3
1.3 PBG colloidal system for applications 6
1.4 Objectives and outlines 7
Chapter 2 Theories and Simulation Methodologies 9
2.1 Introduction 9
2.2 DLVO theory 10
2.2.1 van der Waals forces 11
2.2.2 Electrostatic forces 13
2.2.3 DLVO theory in force field 15
2.3 Very-short-range force and JKR adhesion theory 16
2.4 Brownian motion 18
2.4.1 Random walk of Brownian motion 18
2.4.2 Brownian dynamics simulation 19
2.5 Object-Oriented colloidal particle simulation system 22
2.5.1 Governing equations over separation distance 23
2.5.2 Particle agglomeration 25
2.5.3 Collision efficiency 26
2.5.4 Verification of the simulation program 27
Chapter 3 Modeling Motion and Interaction of Nanosized Bimodal Colloids 35
3.1 Introduction 35
3.2 Brownian motion v.s. DLVO of silica and tinania 38
3.3 Simulation and discussion 53
3.4 Concluding remarks 57
Chapter 4 Simulation of Colloidal Particle Packing for Photonic Bandgap Crystals 59
4.1 Introduction 59
4.2 Experimental 60
4.3 Simulation process 63
4.4 Simulation results and discussion 69
4.5 Concluding remarks 77
Chapter 5 The Simulation on Synthesizing 3D PBG Crystals by Self-assembly with Proper Template 79
5.1 Introduction 79
5.2 Geometrical analysis for optimum template 81
5.3 Simulation and discussion 87
5.4 Concluding remarks 92
Chapter 6 Conclusions 93
6.1 Summary 93
6.2 Future studies 95
Reference 97
Appendix A Object-Oriented Discrete Element Simulation System of Brownian Dynamics 103
A.1 System design 103
A.2 Classes 104
A.3 Simulation parameters 105
A.4 Post processing 107
Appendix B A Tutorial to Estimat
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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