1,721,226 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Engineering dynamic protein-based hydrogels
No full textHydrogels are water-containing soft materials made of cross-linked polymer networks. Hydrogels can emulate many features of native tissues and organisms, and have therefore found many applications in biomedical studies. Recently, driven by the needs for stimuli-responsive materials in various biomedical applications, “dynamic” hydrogels that can change their physical, chemical, biological, or mechanical properties have attracted increasing interest. Recombinant proteins are promising hydrogel building blocks due to their biocompatibility, diverse biofunctions, and designable structures. Moreover, stimuli-responsive conformational changes and interactions of proteins provide possibilities for constructing dynamic protein-based hydrogels.
This thesis reviews the state-of-the-art studies of dynamic protein-based hydrogels, including the cross-linking methods, the design principles, and the future directions of this field. Driven by the needs for more predictable, sensitive, and reversible hydrogels, we engineer novel protein-based hydrogels in this thesis. An elastomeric protein-based hydrogel is first engineered with thermo-responsive properties, which is controlled by the thermo-responsive in situ phase transition of the polypeptide side chains in the hydrogel network. Then, two dynamic hydrogels are physically cross-linked by a coiled coil interaction and a protein-protein interaction, respectively, which both exhibit time-dependent viscoelastic properties, multiple energy dissipation modes, and injectability. The viscoelastic properties of these two physically cross-linked hydrogels are stimuli-responsive due to the stimuli-responsive nature of their cross-linking methods. Finally, a light-controlled information writing approach is developed by using a light-responsive protein-protein interaction to decorate fluorescent proteins onto protein-based hydrogel blank slates. Consequently, 2D/3D fluorescence images can be produced and stored in protein-based hydrogels.
The developed hydrogels are mainly responsive to temperature or light, which are two types of stimuli that have been widely adapted as therapeutic tools in biomedical studies. The stimuli-responsive property changes in the developed hydrogel systems are highly dose-sensitive and reversible, which facilitates customized fine tuning of hydrogel functionality. Therefore, we anticipate that these developed dynamic protein-based hydrogels will find various applications in biomedical studies. Moreover, the results of this thesis are expected to contribute to the quantitative prediction of dynamic hydrogel properties and inspire the bottom-up designs of other dynamic hydrogels.Science, Faculty ofChemistry, Department ofGraduat
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Single-molecule optical tweezers studies on the mechanical unfolding and refolding of azurin
No full textOptical tweezers (OT) are a powerful single-molecule technique that utilizes highly focused laser beams to trap and manipulate microscopic particles, allowing precise measurement of forces and movements at the molecular level. In this thesis, OT were employed to investigate the mechanical unfolding and refolding processes of the copper-containing protein azurin, known for its role in bacterial electron transfer. Azurin, with significant implications for understanding protein folding mechanisms, was studied in both its apo- (copper-free) and holo- (copper-bound) forms. Our research revealed that apo-azurin unfolds and refolds through both 2-state and 3-state processes. In contrast, holo-azurin displayed more complex behaviors, undergoing 2-state, 3-state, and even 4-state pathways. Interestingly, holo-azurin refolds in the opposite direction of its unfolding, with the copper coordination site reconstituting first, thus acting as a refolding nucleus. This highlights the intricate role of copper ions in the folding dynamics of azurin. Kinetic analysis showed that holo-azurin has faster unfolding and refolding rates compared to apo-azurin. Additionally, we successfully observed the apo-to-holo transition in real-time, confirming that copper binding lowers the unfolding force required. These findings not only confirm previous insights into azurin's mechanical stability but also advance our understanding by exploring the refolding mechanisms and direct observation of metal ion influence at the single-molecule level. This research contributes to a deeper comprehension of metalloprotein mechanics and the critical role of metal ions in protein folding, with potential applications in the development of protein- based nanotechnologies.Science, Faculty ofChemistry, Department ofGraduat
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