94,515 research outputs found
Li Hongzhang und Krupp : Die militärische Zusammenarbeit und die Modernisierung Chinas
No full textLi Hongzhang (1823-1901) war einer der mächtigsten Staatsmänner der späten Qing-Dynastie (1840-1911) und einer der wichtigsten Persönlichkeiten im Modernisierungsprozess Chinas. Krupp war eine deutsche Familiendynastie im Industriebereich des 19. und 20. Jahrhunderts; die Firma Krupp war zeitweise das größte Unternehmen Europas. Die militärische Zusammenarbeit zwischen Li und Krupp dauerte etwa 25 Jahre, von Anfang der 1870er Jahre bis zum Ende der Selbststärkungsbewegung 1895. Neben dem umfangreichen Waffenhandel als Hauptinhalt umfasste sie auch Herstellung der Kriegswaffen, Kauf und Einführung von Maschinen und Produktionsanlagen, Anstellung deutschen militärischen und technischen Personals in China sowie Ausbildung chinesischen Militärpersonals in Deutschland. Die Zusammenarbeit weist eine lange Laufzeit, eine breite Palette von Kooperationen, umfangreichen Handel und eine große Anzahl von Teilnehmern auf.
Aufgrund der chinesischen und deutschen Quellenmaterialien sowie der Sekundärliteratur widmet diese Arbeit sich u.a. folgenden Fragestellungen: Welche Vermittler und Komponenten bestimmen die militärische Zusammenarbeit zwischen Li und Krupp? Wie funktioniert diese Verbindung und warum gelingt es Krupp, die Konkurrenz zu besiegen und Lis Aufträge zu erhalten? Welche Rolle spielen die unterschiedlichen Komponenten in der militärischen Zusammenarbeit zwischen Li und Krupp? Was tragen das Rüstungsgeschäft und die militärische Zusammenarbeit zwischen Li und Krupp zur militärischen Modernisierung Chinas bei
Aspektsysteme
No full text„Die folgenden Papiere sind im Umfeld eines Hauptseminars "Aspekt und Tempus" entstanden, das im Wintersemester 1989/90 am Institut für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität zu Köln stattfand. In den folgenden Beiträgen werden nicht alle Aspekte des Aspekts gedeckt; im Vordergrund steht hauptsächlich die Frage der Interaktion von lexikalischer Semantik und Aspektmorphologie, so daß sich die Beschreibung der Aspektmorphologie auf aspektrelevante Fälle beschränkt und Nebenfunktionen (z.B. temporale), Konventionalisierungen, Neutralisierungen usw. weitgehend vernachlässigt werden. Kritik und Anregungen sind höchst willkommen.“ ---
Inhalt:
Aspekttheorie (Hans-Jürgen Sasse); Albanisch (Christina Leluda); Spanisch (Olga Chapado Chorro & Luisa Garcia Garcia); Japanisch (Antje Seidel & Helga Weyerts); Maa (Christa König); Modemes Chinesisch (Chor-Shing Li); Samoanisch (Mario Longino
An experimental verification of the excitation power of a transmission line with a shunt load
No full text[[abstract]]The excitation power of a scattering body is governed, in general, by the forward-scattering theorem. In this paper, the theorem is reconfirmed by simply applying Poynting's theorem to a loaded transmission line. It is shown that the excitation power is determined by the interaction of the incident voltage with the forward-scattered current. For some special cases, the backward-scattering formula can yield the same result. A transmission line with a shunt load is one of the examples where the excitation power can be expressed as the real part of the product of the incident voltage and the conjugate of the backward-scattered current. In this work, an experiment has been performed to verify the above results.[[note]]SC
Physical optics models for the backscatter response of road-surface faults and roadside pebbles at millimeter-wave frequencies
No full text[[abstract]]In this paper, the theoretical models based on the physical optics (PO) approximation are presented to predict the backscatter response of road-surface faults and roadside pebbles. Two types of the surface faults are considered, cracks and potholes. By applying the PO model, the backscattering coefficients of a road-surface crack are approximated by the radar cross section (RCS) per unit length of a lossy dielectric cylinder. For a road-surface pothole with simple geometry, its RCS is estimated by the coherent sum of the backscattered fields from the pothole edges with significant backscatters. The backscatter response of the roadside pebbles is a combination of the surface scattering from surface roughness and the volume scattering from a layer of rock particles. The surface scattering is depicted by the integral equation method, a simplified second-order iterative physical optics approximation. The hybrid scattering model based on the theory of vector radiative transfer is employed to predict the volume scattering. The validity of the theoretical models is examined by comparing the simulation results with the experimental data from the University of Michigan, where the backscatter measurements at W-band frequencies were conducted on the road-surface faults and the roadside pebbles at near grazing incidence, angles (74degrees-88degrees).[[note]]SC
Designs for broad-band microstrip vertical transitions using cavity couplers
No full text[[abstract]]Two designs for broad-band vertical transitions using microstrip-fed cavity couplers are presented in this paper. Both designs feature a cavity in an electrically thick ground plane between two parallel back-to-back microstrip lines terminated by open-circuited stubs. The cavity in the first design can be treated as a section of a waveguide, whereas the second design has the cavity operate in nonresonant modes. The electrically thick ground plane can provide isolation between modules, thermal dissipation for on-board active devices, as well as structural support for thin substrates. The finite-element method is chosen to carry out the required simulations for the proposed designs because of its accuracy. Both rectangular and circular cavity couplers are investigated. More than 100% fractional bandwidth can be achieved. The validity of the simulation results is verified experimentally. For applications at millimeter-wave frequencies, sensitivity study is conducted to demonstrate that the proposed design is robust and not susceptible to potential errors in dimension and misalignment, which may occur during the fabrication process of the vertical transitions.[[note]]SC
Traumatic identity and aura in David Lodge's "Author, author"
No full textEste artículo analiza la novela Author, Author (2004) de David Lodge como ejemplo de bioficción neo-victoriana centrada en una celebridad, en este caso concreto, Henry James. El género forma parte del renacimiento Victoriano actual que afecta a los estudios culturales en su conjunto. Mi argumento central es que la novela de Lodge constituye una respuesta a las ansiedades culturales actuales, en particular a las que se refieren a la crisis identitaria y autoría literaria, así como a la pérdida del aura artística de Walter Benjamin, sublimándolas a través de los traumas de finales del siglo XIX. La elección de James, como demuestra el artículo, no es casual. Es el último representante de un mundo perdido en el que el aura aún tenía un espacio; el ser humano en crisis y traumatizado porque no encaja en un status quo nuevo.This paper delves into David Lodge’s Author, Author (2004) as an example of neo-Victorian celebrity biofiction, more concretely on Henry James. The genre belongs to the wave of Victorian revival in current literature which also affects cultural studies in general. My main contention is that Lodge’s novel responds to current cultural anxieties, particularly the crisis of identity and authorship and the end of Walter Benjamin’s concept of aura, by sublimating them into late-nineteenth-century traumata. The choice of James is, the article argues, not casual. He represents the redeeming figure of a lost auratic world; the human in crisis, traumatized because he does not fit in the new status quo
Li-Yorke chaos in linear dynamics
No full textWe obtain new characterizations of Li Yorke chaos for linear operators on
Banach and Fréchet spaces. We also offer conditions under which an operator admits a
dense set or linear manifold of irregular vectors. Some of our general results are applied
to composition operators and adjoint multipliers on spaces of holomorphic functions.The present work was done while the first author was visiting the Departament de Matematica Aplicada at Universitat Politecnica de Valencia (Spain). The first author is very grateful for the hospitality. We thank the referees whose reports led to an improvement in the presentation of this work. The first author was partially supported by CAPES: Bolsista - Proc. no. BEX 4012/11-9. The second author is partially supported by MEC and FEDER, project no. MTM2011-26538. The fourth author was supported in part by MEC and FEDER, Projects MTM2010-14909 and MTM2013-47093-P, by UPV, Project SP UPV20120700, and by GVA, Project PROMETEOII/2013/013.Bernardes, N.; Bonilla, A.; Müller, V.; Peris Manguillot, A. (2015). Li-Yorke chaos in linear dynamics. Ergodic Theory and Dynamical Systems. 35:1723-1745. https://doi.org/10.1017/etds.2014.20S172317453
Effect of heat treatment environment on Li depletion and on mechanical properties in AI-Li alloy sheets
No full textThe loss of lithium during solution heat treatment of various commercial AI-Li alloy sheets as a function of the heat treatment environment is investigated. The thickness of the soft layer formed due to solutionizing at for 30 rain in laboratory air, argon and salt bath environments is determined by microhardness measurements. Li loss from the surfaces is interpreted with the help of normalized microhardness profiles. Results showed that prior Li-depleted layer does not hinder further loss of Li from the surfaces and the heat treatment environment has relatively little effect on the loss of Li. The loss of tensile strength due to the Li depletion in the peak-aged condition is found to be more pronounced in 1 mm thick sheet than in 1.5 mm or 2 mm thick sheets. Possible reasons for loss of strength in 8090 series alloys after the heat treatment are discussed. Explanations for the observed ductile fracture features in Li-depleted layers is offered
Post Li-ion batteries
No full textIn the last decades, the investigation of new secondary cells has been increased considerably, because high energy density rechargeable batteries are supremely demanded for different applications, such as consumer electronic, electro mobility and renewable energy storage. Very promising battery systems are the so called “Post Li-ion batteries” (4. generation batteries) with metal anodes: metal-sulfur and metal-air (oxygen) batteries, in particular Li-sulfur and Li-air batteries.
Li-sulfur battery is a promising system, due to its high theoretical capacity (1675 mAh/gsulfur), energy density (2500 Wh/kg), the low cost and non-toxicity of sulfur. Nevertheless, some of the drawbacks of lithium-sulfur batteries are the poor rechargeability and high self-discharge rates. Due to the low electrical conductivity of sulfur, electrical conductive material has to be added in order to encourage the electrochemical reaction. Furthermore, polysulfides of high order (Li2Sn with 2 ≤ n ≤ 8) dissolve in the electrolyte and can diffuse to the anode and react directly with lithium metal. This so-called shuttle mechanism causes irreversible loss of sulfur. Moreover, insulating and insoluble polysulfide discharge product (Li2S) can precipitate on the surface of electrodes, avoiding further electrochemical reaction.
Metal-oxygen cells exhibit highest theoretical energy densities. Among them, the Li-O2 system offers highest theoretical gravimetric energy density (11680 Wh/kg) however, anodes of highly abundant elements, such as Al, Si or Zn, offer several advantages over lithium. Apart from the availability, these latter metals are safer and more stable, allowing the battery processing in air. State-of-the-art metal-oxygen cells mainly suffer from severe cyclic aging and low Coulombic efficiency. To overcome these challenges, the underlying complex electrochemical reactions between the electrolyte and the electrocatalyst and the electrodes have to be understood. One of the major challenges is the development of suitable electrolytes and electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction and gas evolution reactions. One of the major limiting factors on performance and round-trip efficiency is the catalyst used. Today´s Lithium-air batteries still suffer from high charge- and discharge overpotentials caused by insufficient catalysts. The major goal is to reduce overpotentials by using bifunctional catalysts catalyzing both the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) as well as the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Noble metal catalysts show good performance on both reactions but with increasing prices of noble metals metal oxides have drawn attention recently.
In the presentation new results from the production and characterization of Lihium-sulfur batteries and bifunctional cathodes for Li-air batteries will be shown
Identifying author-inventors from Spain: methods and a first insight into results
No full textThe aim of this paper is to describe a matching and disambiguation methodology for the identification of author-inventors located in the same country. It aims to maximize precision and recall rates by taking into account national name writing customs in the name matching stage and by including a recursive validation step in the person disambiguation stage. An application to the identification of Spanish author-inventors is described in detail, where all SCOPUS 2003-2008 publications of Spanish authors are matched to all 1978-2009 EPO applications with Spanish inventors. Using this data, we identify 4,194 Spanish author-inventors. A first look at their patenting and publication patterns reveal that Spanish author-inventors make quite a significant contribution to the overall country’s scientific and technological production in the time periods considered: 27% of all EPO patent applications invented in Spain and 15% of all SCOPUS scientific articles authored in Spain, with important differences across fields and excluding journals in non-technologically relevant fields.Peer reviewe
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