2,303 research outputs found
Tuning the structure of cerium-based metal-organic frameworks for efficient removal of arsenic species: The role of organic ligands
No full textThe ability of organic ligands to change the structure of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) in nature and influence their adsorption efficiency for arsenic species is enormous. The current work was designed to investigate the adsorption performance of cerium-based MOFs with tunable structures through the use of organic ligands (Ce-MOF-66 and Ce-MOF-808) towards arsenic species from water. The structural features of Ce-MOF-66 and CeMOF-808 with varying crystallinity, morphology, particle size, and surface area are considerably altered by organic ligands tuning, resulting in clearly distinct arsenate (As (V)) and arsenite (As (III)) adsorption capabilities. The experimental results showed that the Langmuir adsorption capacities of As (V) by Ce-MOF-66 and CeMOF-808 reached 355.67 and 217.80 mg/g, respectively, while for As (III) were 5.52 and 402.10 mg/g for CeMOF-66 and Ce-MOF-808, respectively. Except for the impact of PO43- on As (V), co-existing ions had no significant influence on adsorption, illustrating the high selectivity. Furthermore, to understand the structure and adsorption mechanism, two adsorbents were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, specific surface area, Fourier transform infrared and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, in which identified that unsaturated sites and ligand exchange were the main adsorption mechanisms of As (V) and As (III). Overall, this research presents a novel approach for developing high-performance Ce-derived MOFs adsorbents to capture arsenic species
A new generalized model for predicting the density of single- and mixed-electrolyte solutions
No full textA new generalized method is proposed for predicting the density of single- and mixed-electrolyte solutions at 298.15 K from osmotic pressure and ionic radii. In this treatment, the electrolyte solution was modeled as a mixture of ionic hard sphere and compressible water situated in the field of an external pressure, i.e., osmotic pressure. The molar volume of the solution is considered to be the sum of both intrinsic volume of ions and apparent molar volume of water. The former is estimated from the method suggested by Conway et ai. [B.E. Conway, J.E. Desnoyers, C. Smith, Philos. Trans. R. Sec. London, Ser. A 256 (1989) 389-392], and the latter directly from the osmotic pressure. The applicability of the model was tested with 138 single- and 15 binary-electrolyte solutions. The overall average absolute relative deviations (AAD) were found to be 2.38% and 1.13% for the single-electrolyte solutions and 2.80% and 0.96% for the binary-electrolyte solutions when the Pauling radii and the maximum Shannon radii were used for the ionic radii in solutions. On the other hand, in cases where the ionic radii in solutions were treated as the ion-specific parameters that can be applied to all types of salts, the AAD were greatly improved to 0.88% for the 138 single-electrolyte solutions and 0.65% for the 15 binary-electrolyte solutions. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science B.V
Gamasomorpha virgulata Tong & Li, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textGamasomorpha virgulata sp. nov. Figs 1 D–F, 2 D–F, 4 A–D. Type material: Holotype male, 1 male and 7 females paratypes, CHINA: Hainan Province, Bawangling National Natural Reserve (alt. 825 m, 19 °05.753´N, 109 ° 10.557´E), 24 July 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg.; 1 male paratype, CHINA: Hainan Province, Diaoluoshan National Natural Reserve (alt. 653 m, 18 ° 43.766´N, 109 ° 51.815´E), 15 August 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg.; 3 females paratypes, CHINA: Hainan Province, Jianfengling National Natural Reserve (alt. 888 m, 18 ° 44.383´N, 108 ° 51.062´E), 19 July 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg.; 2 males paratypes, CHINA: Hainan Province, Limushan National Natural Reserve (alt. 811 m, 19 ° 10.686´N, 109 ° 44.490´E), 12 August 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg.; 1 male paratype, CHINA: Hainan Province, Tongling National Natural Reserve, 17 August 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg.; 1 male paratype, CHINA: Hainan Province, Wuzhishan National Natural Reserve, 9 August 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg. All type materials are deposited in IZCAS. Etymology: The specific name comes from a Latin word, virgulatus, meaning “with stripes”, referring to the distinctively striated carapace. Diagnosis: The new species can be distinguished from all the other congeners by the distinctively striated carapace, the rows of small pits on well developed radial furrows in sternum (Fig. 1 F), the smaller eyes size and the knob-like elevation on proximo-ventral surface of male palpal bulb (Fig. 4 B). Description: Male. Body reddish brown, chelicerae and sternum lighter, legs yellow. Body length 2.77–2.97; carapace 1.20–1.26 length, 0.83–0.88 width; abdomen 1.37–1.57 length, 0.91–1.03 width. Clypeus with a row of hairs at anterior margin; clypeus height about 1 time the diameter of anterior eyes. Pars cephalica slightly elevated in profile (Fig. 1 E). Carapace smooth on the top and distinctively striated at sides (Fig. 1 D), with a row of finely hairs along margin, its dorsal surface with a row of short, finely hairs laterally and several directed hairs medially. Eyes six, nearly equal sized, distinctively smaller than those of the congeners (compare Figs 1 D and 1 A, G, J); ALE separated by about its diameter; posterior eye row slightly recurved in dorsal view. Labium with 2 setae at anterior margin. Sternum with narrow, transverse palpal groove, covered with thin hairs standing in medium-sized, round pits; radial furrows well developed, composing of rows of small pits (Fig. 1 F). Measurements of legs: I 2.96 (0.91, 0.51, 0.63, 0.57, 0.34); II 2.82 (0.86, 0.48, 0.57, 0.57, 0.34); III 2.40 (0.80, 0.37, 0.43, 0.46, 0.34); IV 3.26 (1.00, 0.49, 0.71, 0.69, 0.37). Leg formula: IV–I–II–III. Dorsal scutum ovoid, smooth, densely covered with short hairs. Booklung covers oval, large. Pedicel tube short, with dorsolateral extension, scuto-pedicel region with paired curved scutal ridges (Fig. 2 E, F). Sperm pore narrow, slit-like. Colulus small, bearing two setae. Cymbium and bulbus of palp yellow. Bulbus longer than cymbium, bulged proximo-ventrally, apex conical, acute tipped. Embolusconductor complex, mesially bent in dorsal view (Figs 4 A, B). Female. Similar to male in coloration and general features, but body size larger, sternum without palpal groove. Body length 3.03–3.41; carapace 1.31–1.38 length, 0.96–1.01 width; abdomen 1.48–1.76 length, 1.21–1.31 width. Measurements of legs: I 3.48 (1.08, 0.66, 0.74, 0.66, 0.34); II 3.23 (1.03, 0.57, 0.63, 0.66, 0.34); III 2.76 (0.86, 0.48, 0.51, 0.57, 0.34); IV 3.93 (1.14, 0.66, 0.85, 0.83, 0.45). Epigastric area without any external specialities (Figs 2 D, 4 C). Vulva with a large receptaculum and complicated sclerites (Fig. 4 D).Published as part of Tong, Yanfeng & Li, Shuqiang, 2009, Three new species and one newly recorded species of oonopid spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) from Hainan, China, pp. 22-32 in Zootaxa 2060 on pages 24-26, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18680
Gamasomorpha comosa Tong & Li, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textGamasomorpha comosa sp. nov. Figs 1 A–C, 2 A–C, 3 A–E. Type material: Holotype male, 7 males and 25 females paratypes, CHINA: Hainan Province, Bawangling National Natural Reserve, 24–29 July 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg.; 11 males and 8 females paratypes, CHINA: Hainan Province, Jianfengling National Natural Reserve, 17–20 July 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg.; 2 males and 8 females paratypes, CHINA: Hainan Province, Limushan National Natural Reserve, 12–13 August 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg.; 1 male and 3 females paratypes, CHINA: Hainan Province, Sanya City, Liudao coast (alt. 576 m, 18 ° 10.645´N, 109 ° 33.989´E), 15 July 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg.; 6 males and 13 females paratypes, CHINA: Hainan Province, Wuzhishan National Natural Reserve, 4–7 August 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg.; 1 male and 3 females paratypes, CHINA: Hainan Province, Yinggeling National Natural Reserve, 2 August 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg. All type materials are deposited in IZCAS. Etymology: The specific name comes from a Latin word, comosus, meaning “with long hairs”, referring to the medially long hairs on dorsal surface of carapace. Diagnosis: The new species can be easily distinguished from all the other congeners by the shape of booklung covers, which is rectangular, and strongly chitinized at anterolateral edge (Figs 2 B, C), by the smooth sternum (Fig. 1 C), and by the carapace anterior strongly narrowed (Figs 1 A, 3 A) and with medially long hairs on dorsal surface. Description: Male. Body yellowish brown, chelicerae and sternum lighter, legs yellow. Body length 2.42–2.71; carapace 1.14–1.17 length, 0.91–0.97 width; abdomen 1.48–1.66 length, 1.03–1.14 width. Clypeus with a row of finely hairs at anterior margin; clypeus height about 0.3 times the diameter of anterior eyes. Pars cephalica slightly elevated in profile (Fig. 1 B). Carapace smooth all over, anterior strongly narrowed (Figs 1 A, 3 A), with a row of finely hairs along margin; its dorsal surface with two rows of short, finely hairs laterally and several directed long hairs medially, the long hairs about 5–6 times as long as the short lateral hairs (Fig. 3 B). Eyes six, ALE slightly larger, PLE smallest, ALE separated by less than its radius; posterior eye row nearly straight in dorsal view. Labium with 2 setae at anterior margin. Sternum smooth, with narrow, transverse palpal groove, covered with thin hairs standing in small pits; without radial furrows (Fig. 1 C). Measurements of legs: I 3.07 (0.91, 0.43, 0.68, 0.63, 0.42); II 3.07 (0.91, 0.43, 0.68, 0.63, 0.42); III 2.65 (0.80, 0.37, 0.54, 0.60, 0.34); IV 3.53 (1.06, 0.48, 0.74, 0.83, 0.42). Leg formula: IV–I–II–III. Dorsal scutum ovoid, punctate, densely covered with short hairs. Booklung covers nearly rectangular, anterolateral edge with well developed tubercle. Pedicel tube short, without dorsolateral extension, scuto-pedicel region unmodified (Figs 2 B, C). Sperm pore small, slit-like. Colulus represented only by two setae. Cymbium and bulbus of palp yellowish white, the other segments yellow. Bulbus longer than cymbium, apex conical, acute tipped. Embolus-conductor complex, mesially bent in dorsal view (Figs 3 C, D). Female. Similar to male in coloration and general features, but body size larger, sternum without palpal groove. Body length 2.79–3.27; carapace 1.14–1.31 length, 0.96–1.10 width; abdomen 1.75–1.93 length, 1.37–1.45 width. Measurements of legs: I 3.40 (1.03, 0.48, 0.79, 0.69, 0.41); II 3.40 (1.03, 0.48, 0.79, 0.69, 0.41); III 3.16 (0.96, 0.45, 0.65, 0.69, 0.41); IV 3.93 (1.14, 0.52, 0.89, 0.93, 0.45). Epigastric area without any external specialities (Fig. 2 A). Vulva with a large receptaculum and complicated sclerites (Fig. 3 E).Published as part of Tong, Yanfeng & Li, Shuqiang, 2009, Three new species and one newly recorded species of oonopid spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) from Hainan, China, pp. 22-32 in Zootaxa 2060 on page 23, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18680
Atomic layer deposited high-κ films and their role in metal-insulator-metal capacitors for Si RF/analog integrated circuit applications
No full text10.1002/cvde.200506393Chemical Vapor Deposition122-3165-171CVDE
ViT-CX: Causal Explanation of Vision Transformers
Full text linkDespite the popularity of Vision Transformers (ViTs) and eXplainable AI
(XAI), only a few explanation methods have been designed specially for ViTs
thus far. They mostly use attention weights of the [CLS] token on patch
embeddings and often produce unsatisfactory saliency maps. This paper proposes
a novel method for explaining ViTs called ViT-CX. It is based on patch
embeddings, rather than attentions paid to them, and their causal impacts on
the model output. Other characteristics of ViTs such as causal
overdetermination are also considered in the design of ViT-CX. The empirical
results show that ViT-CX produces more meaningful saliency maps and does a
better job revealing all important evidence for the predictions than previous
methods. The explanation generated by ViT-CX also shows significantly better
faithfulness to the model. The codes and appendix are available at
https://github.com/vaynexie/CausalX-ViT.Comment: IJCAI2023 Camera-read
Xestaspis rostrata Tong & Li, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textXestaspis rostrata sp. nov. Figs 1 J–L, 2 J–L, 6 A–C. Type material: Holotype male, 2 males and 3 females paratypes, CHINA: Hainan Province, Bawangling National Natural Reserve, Wangxia Town, 26 July 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg.; 1 male paratype, CHINA: Hainan Province, Jianfengling National Natural Reserve (alt. 811 m, 18 ° 44.751´N, 108 ° 51.234´E), 17 July 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg.; 2 females paratypes, CHINA: Hainan Province, Diaoluoshan National Natural Reserve (alt. 1010 m, 18 ° 43.766´N, 109 ° 51.815´E), 15 August 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg.; 2 males and 3 females paratypes, CHINA: Hainan Province, Wuzhishan National Natural Reserve, 4–7 August 2007, SQ Li & CX Wang leg. All type materials are deposited in IZCAS. Etymology: The specific name comes from a Latin word, rostratus, meaning “with a beak”, referring to the duck-beak shaped distal part of embolus-conductor in male palp. Diagnosis: The new species is similar to X. linnaei Ott & Harvey, 2008, but can be distinguished by the epigastric scutum, which is not strongly extending far dorsal pedicel, the remarkable small receptaculum of female and the smooth carapace. Description: Male. Body yellow or reddish brown, chelicerae and sternum lighter, legs yellow. Body length 2.40–2.71; carapace 1.02–1.17 length, 0.80–0.94 width; abdomen 1.37–1.49 length, 0.94–1.03 width. Clypeus with a row of strong hairs at anterior margin; clypeus height about 0.8 times the diameter of anterior eyes. Pars cephalica slightly elevated in profile (Fig. 1 K). Carapace shiny and smooth all over (Fig. 1 J), with a row of finely hairs along margin, its dorsal surface with two rows of short, finely hairs laterally and several directed, adpressed hairs medially. Eyes six, ALE slightly larger, PLE and PME nearly equal sized; ALE separated by about 0.8 times of its diameter; posterior eye row slightly recurved in dorsal view. Labium with 2 setae at anterior margin. Sternum with narrow, transverse palpal groove, covered with thin hairs standing in small pits, radial furrows present, but only discernible at base (Fig. 1 L). Measurements of legs: I 2.37 (0.74, 0.37, 0.51, 0.49, 0.26); II 2.27 (0.61, 0.40, 0.51, 0.49, 0.26); III 1.88 (0.49, 0.34, 0.37, 0.43, 0.25); IV 2.69 (0.80, 0.43, 0.60, 0.57, 0.29). Leg formula: IV–I–II–III. Dorsal scutum ovoid, punctate, densely covered with short hairs. Booklung covers very small, anterolateral edge with tubercle. Pedicel tube short, with dorsolateral extension, scuto-pedicel region with straight scutal ridge, but interrupted at middle, and conspicuous ventralarched anterior scutal ridge (Figs 2 K, L). Sperm pore narrow, slit-like. Colulus very small, bearing two setae. Cymbium and bulbus of palp yellow. Bulbus slightly shorter than cymbium,. Embolus-conductor complex, distal part duck-beak shaped in profile, mesially bent in dorsal view (Figs 6 A, B). Female. Similar to male in coloration and general features, but body size larger, sternum without palpal groove. Body length 2.77–2.91; carapace 1.14–1.20 length, 0.88–0.94 width; abdomen 1.66–1.72 length, 1.22–1.29 width. Measurements of legs: I 2.53 (0.80, 0.41, 0.57, 0.49, 0.26); II 2.49 (0.80, 0.41, 0.51, 0.51, 0.26); III 2.23 (0.71, 0.34, 0.46, 0.46, 0.26); IV 3.08 (0.94, 0.51, 0.66, 0.66, 0.31). Epigastric area without any external specialities (Fig. 2 J). Vulva with a small receptaculum and complicated sclerites (Fig. 6 C).Published as part of Tong, Yanfeng & Li, Shuqiang, 2009, Three new species and one newly recorded species of oonopid spiders (Araneae: Oonopidae) from Hainan, China, pp. 22-32 in Zootaxa 2060 on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18680
Effect and Safety of CX-DZ-II Intelligent Electroacupuncture Therapeutic Instrument for Neck Pain Caused by Cervical Spondylos: Study Protocol for A Randomized Controlled Trial
No full textBackground:
Neck pain caused by cervical spondylosis (CS) is a chronic pain condition, with an increasingly high incidence in the general population. Electroacupuncture is a common analgesic modality that has been widely applied in neck pain treatment. However, current electroacupuncture instruments used in the clinic have low intelligence levels and obscure parameter standards. We here designed this study for assessing the effect and safety of a new, intelligent electroacupuncture instrument, the CX-DZ-II, in treating neck pain.
Methods:
The present study is a prospective, two-center, randomized, controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial for CX-DZ-II on treating neck pain caused by CS. Totally 160 eligible patients will be included in this trial and randomly assigned to an experimental group and a control group in a 1:1 ratio. A semi-standard acupoint selection strategy will be employed. In the experimental group, selected acupoints will be stimulated by CX-DZ-II. Electroacupuncture treatment will be accomplished by a pre-existing electroacupuncture instrument in the control group. The duration of treatment will be 2 weeks. The primary outcome is the change of Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score after one course of treatment. The secondary outcomes include the VAS scores after each treatment, the responder rate, drug-usage rate of non-steroidal antipyretic analgesics, the rate of adverse events occurrence, and the performance of instrument.
Discussion:
This study will evaluate the effect and safety of the CX-DZ-II intelligent electroacupuncture therapeutic instrument in comparison with a pre-existing non-intelligent instrument in the treatment of neck pain caused by CS. The results will hopefully demonstrate a more optimal electroacupuncture instrument for the treatment of neck pain. (Trial registration No. gov NCT03005301).link_to_subscribed_fulltex
ViT-CX: Causal Explanation of Vision Transformers
No full textDespite the popularity of Vision Transformers (ViTs) and eXplainable AI (XAI), only a few explanation methods have been designed specially for ViTs thus far. They mostly use attention weights of the [CLS] token on patch embeddings and often produce unsatisfactory saliency maps. This paper proposes a novel method for explaining ViTs called ViT-CX. It is based on patch embeddings, rather than attentions paid to them, and their causal impacts on the model output. Other characteristics of ViTs such as causal overdetermination are also considered in the design of ViT-CX. The empirical results show that ViT-CX produces more meaningful saliency maps and does a better job revealing all important evidence for the predictions than previous methods. The explanation generated by ViT-CX also shows significantly better faithfulness to the model. The codes and appendix are available at https://github.com/vaynexie/CausalX-ViT.</p
Parameters of Coseismic Reverse- and Oblique-Slip Surface Ruptures of the 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake, Eastern Tibetan Plateau.
No full text- …
