287 research outputs found
Research on Digital Currency and Financial Technology Innovation of the People’s Bank of China
No full textDigital currencies are becoming increasingly important to governments and financial institutions around the world as advanced technology develops. The central bank of China has led research on digital currency around the world since China has one of the largest electronic payment markets. With this digital currency, the People's Bank of China is promoting inclusive financial growth, enhancing monetary policy transmission, and improving payment efficiency. As well as its impact on international monetary systems, financial security, privacy protection, and financial security protection will also be profoundly affected. In this paper, the focus will be on the Chinese central bank's digital currency development, technical foundation, and application status. As well as analyzing its impact on future innovations in financial technology, opportunities and challenges will also be discussed. By developing a digital currency, China has expressed its interest in the future of the modern financial system in a positive way with forward-looking and responsive layouts. DCEP, as a new payment tool, aims to replace some cash and improve the speed and security of fund circulation. Compared with traditional electronic payment methods, CBDC is expected to bring breakthroughs in user privacy protection, reduced transaction costs, and improved cross-border payment convenience
Synthesis and gas separation properties of a N-donor ligand based zinc (II) metal organic framework
No full textAs the power source of modern society, petroleum and related products are playing important role in chemistry and environment. Basically, light aromatics and C6 paraffines are crucial parts of petrochemical industry. Effective and economic separation of those hydrocarbons from the mixture of isomers or homologous series remains a difficult problem for oil company. Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) or coordination polymers (CPs) would be the potential candidate to this problem due to the porosity and stability. In this work, a novel flexible dual-ligand MOF, Zn-atz-bpda was synthesized and it exhibits very interesting adsorption behavior toward hydrocarbons. The framework can be very easily made by solvothermal reaction of aminotriazole ligand and dicarboxylate ligand with zinc ions. Introducing of triazole ligands enhance the stability and certainty of the MOF. Single crystal XRD unveiled the pillared-layered structure and the distorted aromatic rings might be crucial for the flexibility of Zn-atz-bpda. The structure of Zn-atz-bpda remained robust in organic solvent and acidic solutions and it displayed interesting adsorption properties to aromatic and C6 hydrocarbons. The mechanism and flexibility of it might be a new strategy for designing MOFs with higher performance.M.S.Includes bibliographical reference
The carrier’s exemption from liability in the Hague, Hamburg and Rotterdam Rules : an examination from the perspectives of fairness and clarity
No full textLe commerce international est souvent relié au transport maritime. La poursuite des règles uniformes se rapportant à ce dernier avait débuté à la fin du XIXe siècle et a abouti à l’émergence des Règles de La Haye, des Règles de Hambourg et des Règles de Rotterdam. L’exonération du transporteur maritime, qui suscitait des controverses favorisant le développement des règles maritimes internationales, a été réglementée de trois façons différentes dans les trois Règles précitées. La question principale abordée dans la thèse présente est si elles sont suffisamment satisfaisantes. Une autre question, qui se pose s’il est prouvé qu’aucune d’entre elles ne l’est, est quelle serait une meilleure façon. Pour y répondre, deux critères, soit la justice et la clarté, ont été choisis. Les recherches effectuées dans le cadre de la thèse présente visent à donner une évaluation profonde des régimes existants en matière de réglementation de l’exonération du transporteur maritime ainsi que des suggestions d’amélioration à cet égard.The international trade is usually connected with the carriage of goods by sea. The campaign in pursuit of uniform rules governing such carriage was launched in the late nineteenth century and has led to the emergence of the Hague Rules, the Hamburg Rules and the Rotterdam Rules. The carrier’s entitlement to exemption from liability, which triggered much controversy contributing to the development of the international shipping rules, has been regulated in three different ways in the aforementioned three Rules. The principal question addressed in the present thesis is whether they are sufficiently satisfactory. Another question, which is to be dealt with if none of them proves to be the case, is what a better way could be like. Two criteria, namely fairness and clarity, have been chosen in answer to the aforesaid questions. The research contained in the present thesis aims to give a thorough evaluation of the existing regimes regarding the carrier’s exemption from liability and some improvement suggestions in this respect
The carrier’s exemption from liability in the Hague, Hamburg and Rotterdam Rules : an examination from the perspectives of fairness and clarity
No full textLe commerce international est souvent relié au transport maritime. La poursuite des règles uniformes se rapportant à ce dernier avait débuté à la fin du XIXe siècle et a abouti à l’émergence des Règles de La Haye, des Règles de Hambourg et des Règles de Rotterdam. L’exonération du transporteur maritime, qui suscitait des controverses favorisant le développement des règles maritimes internationales, a été réglementée de trois façons différentes dans les trois Règles précitées. La question principale abordée dans la thèse présente est si elles sont suffisamment satisfaisantes. Une autre question, qui se pose s’il est prouvé qu’aucune d’entre elles ne l’est, est quelle serait une meilleure façon. Pour y répondre, deux critères, soit la justice et la clarté, ont été choisis. Les recherches effectuées dans le cadre de la thèse présente visent à donner une évaluation profonde des régimes existants en matière de réglementation de l’exonération du transporteur maritime ainsi que des suggestions d’amélioration à cet égard.The international trade is usually connected with the carriage of goods by sea. The campaign in pursuit of uniform rules governing such carriage was launched in the late nineteenth century and has led to the emergence of the Hague Rules, the Hamburg Rules and the Rotterdam Rules. The carrier’s entitlement to exemption from liability, which triggered much controversy contributing to the development of the international shipping rules, has been regulated in three different ways in the aforementioned three Rules. The principal question addressed in the present thesis is whether they are sufficiently satisfactory. Another question, which is to be dealt with if none of them proves to be the case, is what a better way could be like. Two criteria, namely fairness and clarity, have been chosen in answer to the aforesaid questions. The research contained in the present thesis aims to give a thorough evaluation of the existing regimes regarding the carrier’s exemption from liability and some improvement suggestions in this respect
Disruption of outdoor activities caused by wildfire smoke shapes circulation of respiratory pathogens
No full textAs climate change accelerates, the frequency and severity of extreme weather events, such as wildfires, are increasing, with profound impacts on human health. While much attention has been paid to the direct health consequences of these events, such as chronic diseases from poor air quality, less is known about how behavioral shifts induced by such events can influence the transmission of infectious diseases. This study investigates how wildfire-induced changes in human behavior during the U.S. West Coast wildfires of 2020 may affect the spread of airborne diseases. Using a mobility data-driven indoor activity index, we find that the wildfire-induced deterioration of air quality led to a substantial increase in indoor activities, fostering conditions conducive to airborne disease transmission. Specifically, counties in Oregon and Washington experienced an average 10.8% and 14.3% increase in indoor activity, respectively, during the wildfire events, with major cities like Portland and Seattle experiencing increases of 11% and 16%, respectively. We quantify these behavioral changes and integrate them into an SIR epidemic model to characterize the increased indoor activity and disease dynamics. The model predicts the greatest impact on diseases with shorter generation times, such as RSV and influenza. Our results show that even a modest increase in indoor mask-wearing (as low as 10%) could significantly reduce the risk of disease spread in these settings, with higher compliance needed for more substantial reductions. As wildfires and other climate-related events become more frequent, integrating behavioral responses into public health policies will be crucial to mitigate the compounded risks of climate change and its secondary health impacts.[Author summary] The effects of climate change on human health are becoming more evident, but we often overlook one crucial factor: how extreme weather events influence our behaviors and, in turn, the spread of infectious diseases. In this study, we explore the role of wildfire-induced behavioral changes on the transmission of airborne diseases, focusing on the U.S. West Coast wildfires of September 2020. Our findings show that wildfires led to a dramatic increase in indoor activities, creating the ideal conditions for respiratory diseases such as influenza to spread. But—by incorporating simple measures like indoor mask-wearing, we can reduce this risk. This research underscores the importance of considering human behavior responses when tackling health risks associated with climate change. As we face more frequent extreme events, public health strategies must evolve to address not just the environmental impact, but also the ways we adapt, react to the emergency. By understanding and planning for this behavioral response, we can better protect public health in a warming world.Research reported in this publication was supported by the Fritz-Family fellowship program to SB and GP.Peer reviewe
- …
