488 research outputs found
Somatization vs. Psychologization of Emotional Distress: A Paradigmatic Example for Cultural Psychopathology
No full textThis paper describes the developing area of cultural psychopathology, an interdisciplinary field of study focusing on the ways in which cultural factors contribute to the experience and expression of psychological distress. We begin by outlining two approaches, often competing, in order to provide a background to some of the issues that complicate the field. The main section of the paper is devoted to a discussion of depression in Chinese culture as an example of the types of questions that can be studied. Here, we start with a review of the epidemiological literature, suggesting low rates of depression in China, and move to the most commonly cited explanation, namely that Chinese individuals with depression present this distress in a physical way. Different explanations of this phenomenon, known as somatization, are explored and reconceptualized according to an increasingly important model for cross-cultural psychologists: the cultural constitution of the self. We close by discussing some of the contributions, both theoretical and methodological, that can be made by cross-cultural psychologists to researchers in cultural psychopathology
Corrigendum to: Facultative Parthenogenesis in California Condors
No full textThis is a correction to: Journal of Heredity, Volume 112, Issue 7, October 2021, Pages 569–574, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esab052
In the originally published version of this article there were errors within an author’s affiliations. The author names for Conservation Genetics, Beckman Center for Conservation Research should read: “Ryder, Thomas, Judson, Sidak-Loftis, Steiner, and Chemnick” instead of (Ryder, Thomas, Judson, Romanov, Sidak-Loftis, Steiner, and Chemnick”. The author names for San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance should read: “Mace, Romanov” instead of “Mace”. These errors have now been corrected online
Relativistic spin operator for dirac particles
No full textIt is shown that a relativistic spin operator, obeying the required SU(2) commutation relations, may be defined in terms of the Pauli-Lubanski vector W-mu. In the case of Dirac particles, this operator reduces to the Foldy-Wouthuysen "mean-spin" operator for states of positive energy
Relativistic treatment of inertial spin effects
No full textA relativistic spin operator for Dirac particles is identified and it is shown that a coupling of spin to angular velocity arises in the relativistic case, just as Mashhoon had speculated, and Hehl and Ni had demonstrated, in the non-relativistic case
Agent-Based Support for Human/Agent Teams
No full textIn this paper, we present an interface agent, MokSAF, which facilitates time-critical team-planning tasks for teams of both humans and heterogeneous software agents. This agent assists in the formation of teams of humans (via other MokSAF agents) and task agents that can autonomously perform team subtasks. It provides a suitable interaction mechanism to instruct the various task agents in the team; and, by monitoring the human’s progress, reallocate or modify the sub-tasks if the human fails to achieve that sub-task. A military domain has been used to investigate this interface agent. The task consists of three military (human) commanders that each assemble a platoon, and plan routes so that all three platoons arrive at a given rendezvous by a specified time. An experimental study has been conducted to evaluate MokSAF and the assistance provided by one of three different task agents, and the results summarized
Agent-Based Team Aiding in a Time Critical Task
No full textIn this paper we evaluate the effectiveness of agent-based aiding in support of a time-critical team-planning task for teams of both humans and heterogeneous software agents. The team task consists of human subjects playing the role of military commanders and cooperatively planning to move their respective units to a common rendezvous point, given time and resource constraints. The objective of the experiment was to compare the effectiveness of agent-based aiding for individual and team tasks as opposed to the baseline condition of manual route planning. There were two experimental conditions: the Aided condition, where a Route Planning Agent (RPA) finds a least cost plan between the start and rendezvous points for a given composition of force units; and the Baseline condition, where the commanders determine initial routes manually, and receive basic feedback about the route. We demonstrate that the Aided condition provides significantly better assistance for individual route planning and team-based re-planning
Palaeoecological, archaeological and historical data and the making of Devon landscapes. I. The Blackdown Hills
No full textThis paper presents the first systematic study of the vegetation history of a range of low hills in SW England, UK,lying between more researched fenlands and uplands. After the palaeoecological sites were located bespoke archaeological, historical and documentary studies of the surrounding landscape were undertaken specifically to inform palynological interpretation at each site. The region has a distinctive archaeology with late Mesolithic tool scatters, some evidence of early Neolithic agriculture, many Bronze Age funerary monuments and Romano- British iron-working. Historical studies have suggested that the present landscape pattern is largely early Medieval. However, the pollen evidence suggests a significantly different Holocene vegetation history in comparison with other areas in lowland England, with evidence of incomplete forest clearance in later-Prehistory (Bronze?Iron Age). Woodland persistence on steep, but poorly drained, slopes, was probably due to the unsuitability of these areas for mixed farming. Instead they may have been under woodland management (e.g. coppicing) associated with the iron-working industry. Data from two of the sites also suggest that later Iron Age and Romano-British impact may have been geographically restricted. The documented Medieval land management that maintained the patchwork of small fields, woods and heathlands had its origins in later Prehistory, but there is also evidence of landscape change in the 6th–9th centuries AD. We conclude that the Blackdown Hills area was one of many ‘distinctive subregions’, which due to a combination of edaphic, topographic and cultural factors could qualify as an eco-cultural region or ‘pays’. It is argued that the use of such eco-culturally distinctive regions or pays can provide a spatial and archaeological framework for palaeoecology, which has implications for landscape research, designation and heritage management
General relativistic treatment of the Colella-Overhauser-Werner experiment on neutron interference in a gravitational field
No full textIn the Colella-Overhauser-Werner (COW) experiment a gravity-induced phase shift of spin 1/2 particles was detected. The experimental results were explained by using the Newtonian theory or gravity. The explanation can be easily given using general relativistic arguments and the highest order term reproduces the result of Colella, Overhauser, and Werner together with additional, lower order corrections. The derivation can be considered as an interesting exercise for students with basic knowledge of the field of general relativity. (C) 2000 American Association of Physics Teachers
The effect of Schwarzschild field on spin 1/2 particles compared to the effect of a uniformly accelerating frame
No full textThe Dirac Hamiltonian is calculated in the Schwarzschild space and compared to the analogous one in a uniformly accelerating Minkowski frame yielding a test of the equivalence principle. Comparing these Hamiltonians, we see that the flat-space energy-mass terms and their redshifted forms are the same in the two cases, but the coefficient of the spin-orbit coupling term is different and an additional term appears in the gravitational case
Matter-Antimatter Asymmtry in the Early Universe and Violation of Time-Reversal Symmetry
No full textAfter some general remarks about 'big bang' cosmology it is pointed out how, in order to explain why there is matter but no antimatter in the observed Universe, reactions involving violation of baryon number must have taken place at early times. It turns out that processes violating time reversal invariance are also necessary. The article surveys the subjects of the discrete symmetries (space inversion, time reversal and particle-antiparticle transformation) and their violation in elementary-particle physics, and grand unified theories, which predict baryon number violation. A simple model is then presented which could account qualitatively for the dominance of matter over antimatter in the Universe. It is pointed out that grand unified theories are not the only providers of a mechanism for baryon number violation; one other possibility, the sphaleron, is briefly explained
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