1,721,252 research outputs found
The Relationship Between Spoken Word Production and Comprehension
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56966.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)0ntbrkt;RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 26 juni 2006Promotor : Levelt, W.J.M. Co-promotor : Roelofs, A.P.A.129 p
On the production of morphologically complex words with special attention to effects of frequency
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56450.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 27 november 2007Promotores : Baayen, R.H., Levelt, W.J.M.138 p
Producing complex spoken numerals for time and space
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64777.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)This thesis addressed the spoken production of complex numerals for time and space. The production of complex numerical expressions like those involved in telling time (e.g., 'quarter to four') or producing house numbers (e.g., 'two hundred forty-five') has been almost completely ignored. Yet, adult speakers produce such expressions on a regular basis in everyday communication. Thus, no theory on numerical cognition or speech production is complete without an account of the production of multi-morphemic utterances such as complex numeral expressions. The main question of this thesis is which particular speech planning levels are involved in the naming and reading of complex numerals for time and space. More specifically, this issue was investigated by examining different modes of response (clock times versus house numbers), alternative input formats (Arabic digit versus alphabetic format; analog versus digital clock displays), and different expression types (relative 'quarter to four' versus absolute 'three forty-five' time expressions).RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 07 juli 2004Promotor : Levelt, W.J.M. Co-promotor : Roelofs, A.P.A.119 p
Syllables in speech production : effects of syllable preparation and syllable frequency
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64769.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)The fluent production of speech is a very complex human skill. It requires the coordination of several articulatory subsystems. The instructions that lead articulatory movements to execution are the result of the interplay of speech production levels that operate above the articulatory network. During the process of word-form encoding, the groundwork for the articulatory programs is prepared which then serve the articulators as basic units. This thesis investigated whether or not syllables form the basis for the articulatory programs and in particular whether or not these syllable programs are stored, separate from the store of the lexical word-forms. It is assumed that syllable units are stored in a so-called 'mental syllabary'. The main goal of this thesis was to find evidence of the syllable playing a functionally important role in speech production and for the assumption that syllables are stored units. In a variant of the implicit priming paradigm, it was investigated whether information about the syllabic structure of a target word facilitates the preparation (advanced planning) of a to-be-produced utterance. These experiments yielded evidence for the functionally important role of syllables in speech production. In a subsequent row of experiments, it could be demonstrated that the production of syllables is sensitive to frequency. Syllable frequency effects provide strong evidence for the notion of a mental syllabary because only stored units are likely to exhibit frequency effects. In a last study, effects of syllable preparation and syllable frequency were investigated in a combined study to disentangle the two effects. The results of this last experiment converged with those reported for the other experiments and added further support to the claim that syllables play a core functional role in speech production and are stored in a mental syllabary.RU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 16 juni 2004Promotor : Levelt, W.J.M.147 p
Fixed expressions and the production of idioms
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63832.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)This PhD-thesis explores the mental representations of Fixed Expressions (FEs). Chapter 1 gives an introduction to the field of FEs and provides an overview of Chapters 2-5. In Chapter 2, research on the frequency of Dutch FEs is reported. The results suggest that about 7% of written Dutch language use is related to FEs. The most frequent of these FEs are likely to be restricted collocations, like for example 'met name' ('with-name', namely). In Chapter 3, current models of FE processing/production, are discussed. Three experiments are presented that test assumptions about the internal structure of idioms and the involvement of 'nomal' lexical items during production. Idiom production can be primed with words that are identical to one of the idiom's elements, indicating that idioms are not frozen phrases. The assumption that idioms are represented by their own lexical entry in the mental lexicon is supported by an interaction between priming and sentence type (idioms vs. compositional phrases). The effect of priming is stronger for idioms, suggesting spreading activation from the primed word to the remaining elements of an idiom, via a common representation. The resulting Superlemma model of idiom processing is can accommodate for the fact idioms are unitary and compositional at the same time. Chapter 4 presents two experiments that explore the activation of the semantic representations of the words of an idiom. The first experiment shows that words that are semantically related to the noun of an idiom can speed up idiom production. The second experiment shows that the preparation of an idiom includes activating the conceptual representations of its words. Priming can be observed when subjects produce words that are semantically related to a word that is part of a to-be-prepared idiom. In Chapter 5 the different findings are summarized and discussedRU Radboud Universiteit Nijmegen, 16 juni 2003Promotores : Levelt, W.J.M., Kempen, G.A.M.135 p
Moving eyes and naming objects
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19013.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)The coordination between eye movements and speech was examined while speakers were naming objects. Earlier research has shown that eye movements reflect on the underlying visual attention. Also, eye movements were found to reflect upon not only the visual and conceptual processing of an object, but also on the length of linguistic planning processes of retrieval of the object's name. In one series of experiments speakers used noun phrases and pronouns to name objects that were recently seen before. Looking rates were lower when pronouns instead of noun phrases were used, and viewing time on the objects were shorter, reflecting the shorter, easier processing needed to name a pronoun compared to a noun phrase. In another experiment speakers named the object names and two adjectives, describing colour and size, either early or late in the sentence. Speakers fixated the information on the screen that was being verbalized, and returned their gaze to that visual information when it was mentioned later (The mouse, which is next to the ball, is large and red). In a final experiment, the order of mentioning four objects was either given or needed to be retrieved from the visual presentation. Speakers previewed the information they needed to decide upon the correct word order first (comparing two of the four objects), and than fixated each and every one of the objects while producing the correct name for them. Previewing the objects caused viewing times during the naming phase to be significantly reduced, indicating that (part of) the underlying processing was speeded up or skipped when seeing the previewed object again. In all experiments viewing times were found to reflect upon the underlying linguistic processing of producing the object's name or referent: speakers kept their eyes on an object to be named for the time they needed to retrieve the object's name. Therefore, the timing of eye movements reflects on both conceptual and linguistic processing, and records of eye movements can be used to study object naming and language production, even when experimental tasks get more complicated or when sentences get longer130 p
Visual conspicuity as an external determinant of eye movements and selective attention
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Producing past and plural inflections
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145660.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access)191 p
The speaker's linearization problem
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5635.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access
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