1,720,978 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
Territorial planning of care in France to ensure the quality and safety of care : contribution of the study on French administrative databases
No full textLa littérature scientifique plaide depuis les années 1990 en faveur d'un effet du volume d'activité d'un établissement sur le devenir du patient après chirurgie. Si ce constat conclut généralement les travaux menés sur le sujet, les méthodes utilisées en limitent en réalité la généralisation des conclusions.Objectifs L'objectif était d'explorer l'effet des caractéristiques des établissements hospitaliers sur le devenir des patients, à partir du Système National des Données de Santé (SNDS). L'enjeu était autant d'évaluer les indicateurs de qualité des soins que de proposer aux autorités des méthodes de monitorage de la population et d'évaluation du parcours de soin des patients.Méthode Une revue de la littérature a été réalisée pour étudier les manières d'évaluer l'impact du centre hospitalier sur le devenir des patients, permettant ensuite de guider les travaux. Les conclusions de cette revue ont permis de développer la méthode utilisée pour extraire les données du SNDS pour 3 activités chirurgicales : l'arthroplastie totale de hanche, la prostatectomie radicale et l'accouchement, chacune présentant des caractéristiques d'intérêt. L'arthroplastie est un acte fréquent dont l'indication est double : traumatique ou arthrosique ; la prostatectomie est une chirurgie oncologique soumise à seuil d'activité ; l'accouchement est une activité régionalisée et graduée depuis 1998.Les critères de jugements principaux ont été adaptés à chaque chirurgie. La mortalité et la réadmission à l'hôpital à 90 jours ont été analysées chez les patients après arthroplastie, les complications précoces et la survie sans récidive à 3 ans après une prostatectomie, et les complications maternelles et néonatales après un accouchement à l'aide de scores spécifiques adaptés aux bases administratives.Résultats Après une arthroplastie de hanche, l'âge, le sexe, et le score de Charlson étaient retrouvés associés à la mortalité et à la réadmission. Les établissements de haut volume étaient associés à une mortalité inférieure à 90 jours chez les patients opérés pour fracture (HR = 0,1 ; p<0,01). Concernant la prostatectomie, la survie sans récidive à 3 ans était supérieure chez les patients avec le moins de comorbidités, dans les établissements privés non lucratifs (HR = 0,43 ; p = 0,006) et dans ceux de haut volume (3ème et 4ème quartiles, HR à 0,38 et à 0,60 respectivement ; p<0,05). L'analyse distinguant les établissements ayant ou non dépassé le seuil fixé à 30 chirurgies par an ne montrait pas d'effet du volume.A propos de l'accouchement, les établissements de haut volume étaient associés à un meilleur pronostic pour la mère et le nouveau-né (3ème et 4ème quartiles respectivement, avec OR à 0,86 et à 0,85 ; p < 0,01) dans les analyses multivariées. La distance entre le domicile et la maternité et un temps de trajet supérieur à 30 minutes étaient associés à une morbidité supérieure chez le nouveau-né (p < 0,001). Interprétation Si le volume a un effet certain sur les chirurgies étudiées, il n'est pas constant selon le critère de jugement utilisé et concerne surtout les très hauts volumes. Les comorbidités des patients semblent en revanche un critère de choix des établissements autorisant la réalisation des actes étudiés avec le plus de sécurité. L'utilisation brute de ces résultats en termes de planification sanitaire pourrait, sous couvert d'une apparente course à la qualité, avoir un effet délétère sur l'accès aux soins, agissant comme catalyseur des inégalités de santé. Il semble donc nécessaire de mettre en balance l'effet du volume avec l'accessibilité, en cherchant le bon curseur entre proximité, qualité et volume.La modélisation réalisée du territoire français suggère que la bonne réorganisation des établissements devrait se faire selon une graduation des soins permettant aux personnes présentant le plus de comorbidités d'être prises en charge dans des établissements de « référence », dont il convient de s'assurer de l'accessibilité.Introduction Since the 1990s, the scientific literature has argued in favor of a volume-outcome relationship in surgery. Although this observation generally concludes the work carried out on the subject, the methods used limit the generalization of the conclusions.Objectives : The objective was to explore the effect of hospital characteristics on patient outcomes, using the National Health Data System (SNDS). The aim was both to evaluate quality of care indicators and to propose to the authorities methods for monitoring the population and evaluating the patient's care pathway.MethodA literature review was carried out to study methods used to assess the volume-outcome relationship, which then guided the work. The findings of this review were used to develop the method used to extract data from the SNDS for 3 surgical activities: total hip arthroplasty, radical prostatectomy, and childbirth, each with characteristics of interest. Arthroplasty is a frequent procedure with a dual indication: traumatic or arthrosic; prostatectomy is an oncological surgery subject to an activity threshold in France; childbirth is a regionalized and graduated activity since 1998.The main evaluation criteria were adapted to each surgery. Mortality and 90-day hospital readmission were analyzed in patients after arthroplasty, early complications and 3-year recurrence-free survival after prostatectomy, and maternal and neonatal complications after delivery using specific scores adapted to administrative databases.ResultsAfter hip arthroplasty, age, sex, and Charlson score were found to be associated with mortality and readmission. High-volume facilities were associated with lower 90-day mortality in patients operated on for fracture (HR=0.1; p<0.01).Regarding prostatectomy, 3-year recurrence-free survival was higher in patients with the fewest comorbidities, at private nonprofit facilities (HR=0.43; p=0.006) and high-volume facilities (3rd and 4th quartiles, HR at 0.38 and 0.60, respectively; p<0.05). Analysis distinguishing facilities that did or did not exceed the threshold of 30 surgeries per year showed no effect of volume.Regarding delivery, high-volume facilities were associated with better maternal and newborn outcome (3rd and 4th quartiles, respectively, with OR at 0.86 and 0.85; p<0.01) in multivariate analyses. Home-to-maternity distance and travel time greater than 30 minutes were associated with higher newborn morbidity (p < 0.001).InterpretationWhile volume has a definite effect on the surgeries studied, it is not consistent by the endpoint used and is most relevant for very high volumes. Patient comorbidities, on the other hand, seem to be a criterion for choosing the institutions that allow the procedures studied to be performed with the greatest safety. The crude use of these results in terms of health planning could, under cover of an apparent race for quality, have a deleterious effect on access to care, acting as a catalyst for health inequalities. It therefore seems necessary to balance the effect of volume with accessibility, by seeking the right cursor between proximity, quality and volume.The modelling of the French territory suggests that the correct reorganization of establishments should be based on a gradation of care allowing people with the most co-morbidities to be cared for in "reference" establishments, the accessibility of which must be ensured
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