1,839 research outputs found
Jeunesse: Lecture suivie
No full textI am delighted to have found this little paperback in a favorite bookshop in Paris. I look forward to using it myself. It brings two of his best illustrators to a pupil's book of Florian's fables. The colored illustrations are not the only help for those of us trying to understand a sometimes difficult author. There are vocabulary notes, comments, and -- especially -- a short discussion of each fable's moral. These discussions are pleasantly candid, as in this comment on "La taupe et les lapins": "La fable de Florian est peut-être moins claire qu'elle n'y paraȋt" (55). Great work on rendering the colored illustrations!Language note: FrenchFloria
Does reduced precipitation trigger physiological and morphological drought adaptations in European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)? Comparing provenances across a precipitation gradient
No full textGlobal warming and associated decreases in summer rainfall may threaten tree vitality and forest productivity in many regions of the temperate zone in the future. One option for forestry to reduce the risk of failure is to plant genotypes which combine high productivity with drought tolerance. Growth experiments with provenances from different climates indicate that drought exposure can trigger adaptive drought responses in temperate trees, but it is not well known whether and to what extent regional precipitation reduction can increase the drought resistance of a species. We conducted a common garden growth experiment with five European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) populations from a limited region with pronounced precipitation heterogeneity (816–544 mm year−1), where phylogenetically related provenances grew under small to large water deficits. We grew saplings of the five provenances at four soil moisture levels (dry to moist) and measured ∼30 morphological (leaf and root properties, root : shoot ratio), physiological (leaf water status parameters, leaf conductance) and growth-related traits (above- and belowground productivity) with the aim to examine provenance differences in the drought response of morphological and physiological traits and to relate the responsiveness to precipitation at origin. Physiological traits were more strongly influenced by provenance (one-third of the studied traits), while structural traits were primarily affected by water availability in the experiment (two-thirds of the traits). The modulus of leaf tissue elasticity ϵ reached much higher values late in summer in plants from moist origins resulting in more rapid turgor loss and a higher risk of hydraulic failure upon drought. While experimental water shortage affected the majority of morphological and productivity-related traits in the five provenances, most parameters related to leaf water status were insensitive to water shortage. Thus, plant morphology, and root growth in particular, did respond to reduced water availability with higher phenotypic plasticity than did physiology. We conclude that beech provenances exposed to different precipitation regimes have developed some genotypic differences with respect to leaf water status regulation, but these adaptations are associated with only minor adaptation in plant morphology and they do not affect the growth rate of the saplings
Stomatal regulation and water potential variation in European beech: Challenging the iso/anisohydry concept
No full textAbstract The iso/anisohydric continuum has been used to classify tree species’ drought response strategies. The range over which stomata are regulating leaf water potential (ψl) before turgor loss occurs, can be described with metrics such as the dependence of ψl on soil water potential (ψsoil), and the size of ‘hydroscape area’ (HA), but corresponding field data from adult trees are scarce. We examined the stomatal conductance (gs)—ψl relationship in its temporal (diurnal vs. seasonal and inter-annual) and spatial (within-crown vs. between-site) variation in European beech, using extensive ψl and gs measurements in the canopy of four beech stands across a precipitation gradient and complemented the data set by published ψl and gs measurements in further Central European beech stands (including the extreme 2018 drought) in order to cover the full water potential operation space of the species. Both metrics characterize beech as a strictly anisohydric species with δψl/δψsoil > > 1 and HA = 4 MPa2. However, stomates close sensitively in response to increasing vapor pressure deficit, disproving the widely assumed dependence of large ψl variation on looser stomatal control. Characterizing the water status regulation mechanisms of trees requires separating diurnal from day-to-day variation in ψl and gs. The large diurnal and seasonal ψl variation in beech leaves is partly caused by a low leaf tissue elasticity, suggesting that a whole-plant perspective with consideration of osmotic and elastic tissue properties and stem and root hydraulics is needed for fully understanding ψl regulation and the drought tolerance strategy of trees.Abstract The iso/anisohydric continuum has been used to classify tree species’ drought response strategies. The range over which stomata are regulating leaf water potential (ψl) before turgor loss occurs, can be described with metrics such as the dependence of ψl on soil water potential (ψsoil), and the size of ‘hydroscape area’ (HA), but corresponding field data from adult trees are scarce. We examined the stomatal conductance (gs)—ψl relationship in its temporal (diurnal vs. seasonal and inter-annual) and spatial (within-crown vs. between-site) variation in European beech, using extensive ψl and gs measurements in the canopy of four beech stands across a precipitation gradient and complemented the data set by published ψl and gs measurements in further Central European beech stands (including the extreme 2018 drought) in order to cover the full water potential operation space of the species. Both metrics characterize beech as a strictly anisohydric species with δψl/δψsoil > > 1 and HA = 4 MPa2. However, stomates close sensitively in response to increasing vapor pressure deficit, disproving the widely assumed dependence of large ψl variation on looser stomatal control. Characterizing the water status regulation mechanisms of trees requires separating diurnal from day-to-day variation in ψl and gs. The large diurnal and seasonal ψl variation in beech leaves is partly caused by a low leaf tissue elasticity, suggesting that a whole-plant perspective with consideration of osmotic and elastic tissue properties and stem and root hydraulics is needed for fully understanding ψl regulation and the drought tolerance strategy of trees
Fables de Florian, Nouvelle Edition
No full textHere is a small edition, 3¼" x 5¼," of 162 pages. It seems to be identical to Bodemann #274, published by the same people two years earlier. As Bodemann notes in a very short description, the illustrations come as three panels per page. One panel often represents two fables. My favorites among these very small illustrations are "The Blind and the Lame" (18); "Two Bachelors" (48); "Owl and Pigeon" (83); and "Ass and Flute" (111). Do not miss the gigantic crocodile on 120! Illustrations occur facing these pages: 1, 12, 18, 29, 38, 48, 66, 83, 111, and 120. There is an AI at the back.This is a hardbound book (hard cover)Language note: FrenchNo Autho
Recent Climate Warming-Related Growth Decline Impairs European Beech in the Center of Its Distribution Range
No full textIncreasing summer droughts represent a major threat for the vitality and productivity of forests in the temperate zone. European beech, the most important tree species of Central Europe’s natural forest vegetation, is known to suffer from increased drought intensity at its southern distribution limits, but it is not well known how this species is affected in the center of its distribution range in a sub-oceanic climate. We compared tree-ring chronologies and the climate sensitivity of growth (MS) in 11 mature beech stands along a precipitation gradient (855–576 mm y−1) on two soil types with contrasting water storage capacity (WSC) in northwest Germany to test the hypotheses that recent warming is impairing beech growth also in the center of its distribution below a certain precipitation limit, and stands with low soil WSC are more susceptible. We found a threshold of about 350 mm of mean growing season precipitation below which basal area increment (BAI) showed a consistent decline since the 1970s. The frequency of negative pointer years and MS were highest in low-precipitation stands on sandy soil, but both parameters have increased during the last decades also in the moister stands. The factor with largest impact on BAI was precipitation in June, in combination with high mid-summer temperatures. Contrary to our hypothesis, the edaphic effect on growth dynamics was surprisingly small. We conclude that global warming-related growth decline is affecting European beech even in the center of its distribution below a hydrological threshold that is mainly determined by mid-summer rainfall
Interview with Florian Bieber
No full textInterview with Florian Bieber, lecturer in East European Politics at the University of Kent in Canterbury, England. Interview conducted in Ithaca, NY on March 13, 2009. Dr. Bieber has worked in Belgrade (Serbia) and Sarajevo (Bosnia-Herzegovina) for the European Centre for Minority Issues and has taught at the Central European University, at the University of Sarajevo and at the University of Bologna. He is also the author of a book about Serbian nationalism, entitled Nationalism in Serbia from the Death of Tito to the Fall of Milosevic (Muenster: Lit Verlag, 2005, in German), and another book, Post-War Bosnia: Ethnic Structure, Inequality and Governance of the Public Sector (London: Palgrave, 2006). He?s at Cornell this spring semester of 2009 as the Luigi Einaudi Chair in European and International Studies.Bieber's current book project (01:30)
Bieber's reflections on the 20th anniversary of 1989 (02:00)
On Bieber's background in political science and history (03:19)
When interdisciplinarity works best (5:22)
On the "ghettoization" of the Balkans and its causes/possible solutions (6:30)
Unique contribution of our field to other fields (9:38)
Addressing the ongoing perception of a division of Europe into "East" and "West" (12:04)
On Bieber's interest in the study of nationalism (16:17)
Is there such a thing as "good nationalism"? (19:12)
On Bieber's "European" upbringing and early education (21:34)
Bieber on experiences/opportunities all Europeans should ideally have (24:56)
On the future of Southeastern Europe (26:17)1_ruh0kx6
Fables de Florian
No full textNouvelle édition, ornée de figures. This diminutive but complete edition (3¼ x 5¼) is not in Bodemann. The British Library seems to have an edition of Florian published by Genets Jeune in 1808. There are four illustrations here: The Cat and the Binoculars (56); The Children and the Partridges (122); The Savant and the Farmer (138); The Countryman and the River (182). There is an AI at the back. The first title-page lists 1821 as the publication date, but the second title-page has 1820.This is a hardbound book (hard cover)Language note: FrenchJean-Pierre Claris de Floria
Jakub Deml's Letters to Josef Florian
No full textTitle: The Letters of Jakub Deml to Josef Florian Author: Igor Pejchal Department: Institute of Czech Literature and Literary Theory Thesis Supervisor: Mgr. Daniela Iwashita, Ph.D. Key Words: correspondence, Jakub Deml, Josef Florian, Josef Ševčík, Otokar Březina, František Bílek, Pavla Kytlicová, Curia of Brno, Studium edition Abstract: The diploma thesis named The Letters of Jakub Deml to Josef Florian includes the edition of all the letters of the writer Jakub Deml (1878-1961). The correspondence from 1903 to 1935 includes 346 units and exploits 6 sources: the copies of letters done by Jaroslav Staněk, handwritten letters archived in Moravian Museum in Brno and LA PNP, Prague, letters addressed to Josef Florian as edited by Jiří Olič and hand-written originals possessed by two private owners. The edition of the collected letters is accompanied by a list of letters, an editorial note and translations of excerpts which are not in Czech. An accompanying study deals with the editorial history of these collected letters, the relationship of Jakup Deml and Josef Florian in the time of their collaboration and provides an outline of the future research tasks regarding this edition. The letters of Jakub Deml to Josef Florian are published in print in..
Climate Responses of Aboveground Productivity and Allocation in Fagus sylvatica: A Transect Study in Mature Forests
No full textAccording to recent climate change scenarios, temperate forests will be increasingly exposed to droughts in the 21st century which are thought to affect productivity. Although decreasing timber yield with reduced precipitation has frequently been reported from temperate forests, the dependence of forest net primary production (NPP) on precipitation is little understood. In a 3-year transect study (2009–2011) carried out in 12 mature beech forests (Fagus sylvatica) along a precipitation gradient (820–540 mm y−1) in Northern Germany, we measured all aboveground NPP components (NPPa; stem wood, leaf mass, flower and fruit production) and analyzed relationships with monthly weather data. Because we measured NPPa under a broad range of precipitation levels, drought lengths and mast fruiting intensities, the climatic controls of aboveground productivity and carbon allocation could be analyzed in detail. Despite a significant decrease in annual (and growing season) precipitation sums along the transect, NPPa remained largely invariant in each of the years, but varied remarkably between the years (means of 981, 702, 955 g DM m−2 y−1, respectively). Variation in NPPa was most closely related to current year’s early summer weather conditions (June–July), whereas the patterns of biomass allocation to wood, leaf, and fruit production responded to the previous summer’s weather. Wood production cannot predict NPPa in beech due to alternative allocation priorities of vegetative and reproductive growth. Our results show that apparent drought-induced reductions in beech timber yield often are the result of allocation shifts toward fruit production triggered by warm and dry weather in the previous summer
Determination of the Fiber Orientation from low resolution Computer Tomography images using Neural Networks
No full textAuthor Florian Schininger, BScMasterarbeit Universität Linz 2023Arbeit gesperr
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