1,720,965 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Raisonner sur la manipulation dans les systèmes multi-agents : une approche fondée sur les logiques modales
No full textIn recent decades, computer development has shifted from designing individual software to designing intelligent, self-contained software called agents and interacting with others to form multi-agent systems. In such systems, malicious agents sometimes implement complex strategies to induce other agents to make decisions in their favor, without the latter noticing them. We are talking about manipulation strategies. These strategies may in some cases cause problems for the agents which are victims. Such strategies are always hidden from agents and therefore hard to detect. How detect them and better fight them? Firstly, it is necessary to define manipulation. Thus, based on work from computer sciences and social sciences, we define manipulation as the deliberate intention of an agent to instrumentalize a victim while making sure to conceal that intent. We propose to answer this question, a logical system named KBE which expresses manipulation. We prove that KBE is correct and complete, and is able to express strategies based on knowledge and beliefs of agents, like lying or bullshiting. This system can also express notions such as coercion and persuasion. Secondly, since trust is a mechanism to regulate the interactions between agents when agents may be malicious or unreliable, we propose another logical system named TB. This system, proved to be correct and complete, expresses a notion of trust in sincerity which represents the choice of an agent to take the risk of believing another agent for its sincerity. Finally, we propose an algorithmic method to reason with such systems. This method is adapted to the TB system and decides on its satisfiability problem by directly using the constraints of the framework to build a model.Ces dernières décennies, le développement informatique est passé de la conception de logiciels individuels, à la conception de logiciels intelligents, autonomes, appelés agents et interagissant avec d'autres en formant des systèmes multi-agents. Dans de tels systèmes, il arrive que des agents malintentionnés mettent en œuvre des stratégies complexes pour inciter d'autres agents à prendre des décisions en leur faveur et ce, sans que ces derniers ne s'en aperçoivent. Nous parlons alors de stratégies de manipulation. Ces stratégies peuvent dans certains cas causer des problèmes aux agents qui en sont victimes. De telles stratégies sont toujours dissimulées aux agents et donc difficiles à détecter. Comment les détecter et mieux les combattre ? Dans un premier temps, il est nécessaire de définir la manipulation. Ainsi, sur la base de travaux issus de l'informatique mais aussi des sciences sociales, nous définissons la manipulation comme l'intention délibérée d'un agent d'instrumentaliser une victime tout en veillant à lui dissimuler cette intention. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous proposons un système logique nommé KBE. Ce système, prouvé correct et complet, permet alors d'exprimer et de raisonner sur la manipulation ainsi que sur des stratégies fondées sur les connaissances et les croyances des agents comme le mensonge ou le baratinage. Ce système nous permet également d'exprimer des notions connexes à la manipulation comme la coercition et la persuasion. Dans un second temps, puisque la confiance est un mécanisme permettant de réguler les interactions entre agents lorsque des agents sont malintentionnés ou non fiables, nous proposons un second système logique nommé TB. Ce système, correct et complet, exprime une notion de confiance en la sincérité qui représente le choix d'un agent de prendre le risque de croire un autre agent vis-à-vis de sa sincérité. Enfin, dans un dernier temps, nous proposons une méthode algorithmique pour raisonner avec de tels systèmes. Cette méthode est adaptée au système TB et décide de son problème de satisfiabilité en utilisant directement les contraintes du cadre pour construire un modèle
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Reasoning about manipulation in multi-agent systems : an approach based on modal logics
No full textCes dernières décennies, le développement informatique est passé de la conception de logiciels individuels, à la conception de logiciels intelligents, autonomes, appelés agents et interagissant avec d'autres en formant des systèmes multi-agents. Dans de tels systèmes, il arrive que des agents malintentionnés mettent en œuvre des stratégies complexes pour inciter d'autres agents à prendre des décisions en leur faveur et ce, sans que ces derniers ne s'en aperçoivent. Nous parlons alors de stratégies de manipulation. Ces stratégies peuvent dans certains cas causer des problèmes aux agents qui en sont victimes. De telles stratégies sont toujours dissimulées aux agents et donc difficiles à détecter. Comment les détecter et mieux les combattre ? Dans un premier temps, il est nécessaire de définir la manipulation. Ainsi, sur la base de travaux issus de l'informatique mais aussi des sciences sociales, nous définissons la manipulation comme l'intention délibérée d'un agent d'instrumentaliser une victime tout en veillant à lui dissimuler cette intention. Pour répondre à cette problématique, nous proposons un système logique nommé KBE. Ce système, prouvé correct et complet, permet alors d'exprimer et de raisonner sur la manipulation ainsi que sur des stratégies fondées sur les connaissances et les croyances des agents comme le mensonge ou le baratinage. Ce système nous permet également d'exprimer des notions connexes à la manipulation comme la coercition et la persuasion. Dans un second temps, puisque la confiance est un mécanisme permettant de réguler les interactions entre agents lorsque des agents sont malintentionnés ou non fiables, nous proposons un second système logique nommé TB. Ce système, correct et complet, exprime une notion de confiance en la sincérité qui représente le choix d'un agent de prendre le risque de croire un autre agent vis-à-vis de sa sincérité. Enfin, dans un dernier temps, nous proposons une méthode algorithmique pour raisonner avec de tels systèmes. Cette méthode est adaptée au système TB et décide de son problème de satisfiabilité en utilisant directement les contraintes du cadre pour construire un modèle.In recent decades, computer development has shifted from designing individual software to designing intelligent, self-contained software called agents and interacting with others to form multi-agent systems. In such systems, malicious agents sometimes implement complex strategies to induce other agents to make decisions in their favor, without the latter noticing them. We are talking about manipulation strategies. These strategies may in some cases cause problems for the agents which are victims. Such strategies are always hidden from agents and therefore hard to detect. How detect them and better fight them? Firstly, it is necessary to define manipulation. Thus, based on work from computer sciences and social sciences, we define manipulation as the deliberate intention of an agent to instrumentalize a victim while making sure to conceal that intent. We propose to answer this question, a logical system named KBE which expresses manipulation. We prove that KBE is correct and complete, and is able to express strategies based on knowledge and beliefs of agents, like lying or bullshiting. This system can also express notions such as coercion and persuasion. Secondly, since trust is a mechanism to regulate the interactions between agents when agents may be malicious or unreliable, we propose another logical system named TB. This system, proved to be correct and complete, expresses a notion of trust in sincerity which represents the choice of an agent to take the risk of believing another agent for its sincerity. Finally, we propose an algorithmic method to reason with such systems. This method is adapted to the TB system and decides on its satisfiability problem by directly using the constraints of the framework to build a model
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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