1,720,970 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Late-onset sepsis in very preterm infants : role of cause of preterm birth and of early antibiotic exposure
No full textLes infections néonatales tardives sont des infections qui surviennent après 72 heures de vie chez les nouveau-nés. Elles touchent 10 à 30% des enfants grands prématurés, c’est à dire nés avant 32 semaines d’aménorrhée. Elles sont responsables d’une mortalité élevée et elles pourraient également avoir des conséquences à plus long terme en augmentant le risque de survenue de troubles du neuro-développement. Certains facteurs de risque d’infection néonatale tardive sont bien identifiés, tels que le faible âge gestationnel de naissance et le petit poids de naissance. En revanche, le rôle des facteurs périnataux dans la survenue des infections néonatales tardives a été peu étudié. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier l’association entre les facteurs de risque potentiels de la période périnatale, en particulier la cause de prématurité et les antibiothérapies néonatales précoces, et les infections néonatales tardives chez les enfants nés grands prématurés. Nous avons utilisé les données de la cohorte française en population EPIPAGE 2 qui a inclus toutes les naissances entre 22 et 34 semaines d’aménorrhée en 2011. Nous avons tout d’abord mis en évidence une association entre la cause de prématurité et les infections néonatales tardives. Les enfants nés dans un contexte de pathologie hypertensive maternelle et/ou de retard de croissance intra-utérin présentaient un risque augmenté d’infection néonatale tardive par rapport aux enfants nés après mise en travail spontané. En revanche, il n’y avait pas de différence pour les enfants nés dans un contexte de rupture prématurée des membranes avant terme ou d’hématome rétro-placentaire. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés aux antibiothérapies néonatales précoces, administrées précocément (J0 ou J1 de vie) à une population d’enfants nés grands prématurés ne présentant pas de facteur de risque d’infection précoce. Nous avons montré que ces antibiothérapies étaient instaurées à des enfants avec des présentations cliniques initiales plus sévères. L’antibiothérapie précoce n’était pas associée à une augmentation du risque de décès, d’infection néonatale tardive ou d’entérocolite ulcéro-nécrosante, mais elle était associée à un risque augmenté de lésions cérébrales sévères et de dysplasie broncho-pulmonaire, ce qui persistait après prise en compte de l’état clinique à l’instauration du traitement. En conclusion, ces résultats apportent de nouveaux arguments pour une meilleure individualisation de la prise en charge des grands prématurés, en ne tenant plus compte seulement de l’âge gestationnel et du poids de naissance, mais également du contexte de la naissance prématurée.Late-onset sepsis (LOS) occurs in newborns after 72 hours of life. LOS affects 10 to 30% of very premature babies, i.e. those born before 32 weeks of gestation. It is associated with a high risk of mortality and could also have longer-term consequences by increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Some late-onset sepsis risk factors are well identified, such as low gestational age at birth and low birth weight. However, the role of perinatal factors in the occurrence of LOS has received little attention. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the association between potential risk factors in the perinatal period, in particular the cause of preterm birth and early neonatal antibiotic treatment, and late-onset sepsis in very preterm infants. We used data from the French population-based EPIPAGE 2 cohort, which included all births between 22 and 34 weeks of gestation in 2011. We began by underlining an association between the cause of preterm birth and late-onset sepsis. Neonates born in a context of maternal hypertensive disorders or intrauterine growth retardation had an increased risk of late-onset sepsis compared to neonates born after preterm labor. In contrast, there was no difference with neonates born after preterm premature rupture of membranes or after placental abruption. We then looked at early neonatal antibiotic treatment, administered at Day 0 or Day 1 of life in a population of very preterm infants with no risk factor for early infection. We showed that these antibiotic treatments were initiated in neonates with more severe initial clinical presentations. In this study, early antibiotic treatment was not associated with an increased risk of death, late-onset sepsis, or necrotizing enterocolitis, but was associated with an increased risk of severe cerebral lesions and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In conclusion, our results provide new arguments for the individualization of the management of very preterm infants, by not only focusing on gestational age and birth weight, but by also taking into account the context of the prematurity
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Les infections néonatales tardives chez les enfants nés grands prématurés : rôle de la cause de prématurité et de l’exposition précoce aux antibiotiques
No full textLate-onset sepsis (LOS) occurs in newborns after 72 hours of life. LOS affects 10 to 30% of very premature babies, i.e. those born before 32 weeks of gestation. It is associated with a high risk of mortality and could also have longer-term consequences by increasing the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders. Some late-onset sepsis risk factors are well identified, such as low gestational age at birth and low birth weight. However, the role of perinatal factors in the occurrence of LOS has received little attention. The objective of this thesis was to investigate the association between potential risk factors in the perinatal period, in particular the cause of preterm birth and early neonatal antibiotic treatment, and late-onset sepsis in very preterm infants. We used data from the French population-based EPIPAGE 2 cohort, which included all births between 22 and 34 weeks of gestation in 2011. We began by underlining an association between the cause of preterm birth and late-onset sepsis. Neonates born in a context of maternal hypertensive disorders or intrauterine growth retardation had an increased risk of late-onset sepsis compared to neonates born after preterm labor. In contrast, there was no difference with neonates born after preterm premature rupture of membranes or after placental abruption. We then looked at early neonatal antibiotic treatment, administered at Day 0 or Day 1 of life in a population of very preterm infants with no risk factor for early infection. We showed that these antibiotic treatments were initiated in neonates with more severe initial clinical presentations. In this study, early antibiotic treatment was not associated with an increased risk of death, late-onset sepsis, or necrotizing enterocolitis, but was associated with an increased risk of severe cerebral lesions and bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In conclusion, our results provide new arguments for the individualization of the management of very preterm infants, by not only focusing on gestational age and birth weight, but by also taking into account the context of the prematurity.Les infections néonatales tardives sont des infections qui surviennent après 72 heures de vie chez les nouveau-nés. Elles touchent 10 à 30% des enfants grands prématurés, c’est à dire nés avant 32 semaines d’aménorrhée. Elles sont responsables d’une mortalité élevée et elles pourraient également avoir des conséquences à plus long terme en augmentant le risque de survenue de troubles du neuro-développement. Certains facteurs de risque d’infection néonatale tardive sont bien identifiés, tels que le faible âge gestationnel de naissance et le petit poids de naissance. En revanche, le rôle des facteurs périnataux dans la survenue des infections néonatales tardives a été peu étudié. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier l’association entre les facteurs de risque potentiels de la période périnatale, en particulier la cause de prématurité et les antibiothérapies néonatales précoces, et les infections néonatales tardives chez les enfants nés grands prématurés. Nous avons utilisé les données de la cohorte française en population EPIPAGE 2 qui a inclus toutes les naissances entre 22 et 34 semaines d’aménorrhée en 2011. Nous avons tout d’abord mis en évidence une association entre la cause de prématurité et les infections néonatales tardives. Les enfants nés dans un contexte de pathologie hypertensive maternelle et/ou de retard de croissance intra-utérin présentaient un risque augmenté d’infection néonatale tardive par rapport aux enfants nés après mise en travail spontané. En revanche, il n’y avait pas de différence pour les enfants nés dans un contexte de rupture prématurée des membranes avant terme ou d’hématome rétro-placentaire. Nous nous sommes ensuite intéressés aux antibiothérapies néonatales précoces, administrées précocément (J0 ou J1 de vie) à une population d’enfants nés grands prématurés ne présentant pas de facteur de risque d’infection précoce. Nous avons montré que ces antibiothérapies étaient instaurées à des enfants avec des présentations cliniques initiales plus sévères. L’antibiothérapie précoce n’était pas associée à une augmentation du risque de décès, d’infection néonatale tardive ou d’entérocolite ulcéro-nécrosante, mais elle était associée à un risque augmenté de lésions cérébrales sévères et de dysplasie broncho-pulmonaire, ce qui persistait après prise en compte de l’état clinique à l’instauration du traitement. En conclusion, ces résultats apportent de nouveaux arguments pour une meilleure individualisation de la prise en charge des grands prématurés, en ne tenant plus compte seulement de l’âge gestationnel et du poids de naissance, mais également du contexte de la naissance prématurée
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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