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Assessment of types of damage and causes of human-wildlife conflict in Gera district, south western Ethiopia
No full textHuman-wildlife conflict (HWC) exists in different forms all over the world and is experienced more in
developing countries. The conflict between human and wildlife ranks among the main threats to
biodiversity conservation and has become frequent and severe in different parts of Africa. In the author
s’ previous study, five species of wildlife were identified as the main crop raiding species in Gera,
southwestern Ethiopia. The current study was conducted to assess causes of HWC and types of
damage in this area. Data were collected through semi- structured questionnaires, focus group
discussion, direct observation and key informant interview. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze
the socioeconomic profile of the respondents. One-way ANOVA and Chi-square test were used to
analyze causes of HWC. The result showed that 50 and 22% of the respondent reported that the
prevalence of HWC is manifested through crop damage and livestock predation, respectively. There
was a significant difference between causes of HWC (F=4.2, P=0.000). In this study, habitat disturbance
and increase in population of wildlife was the highest and least causes of HWC, respectively. HWC is
increasing in both severity and frequency in the study area. Therefore, to minimize the
conflict occurring in the whole scope of society in the proper selection of investment site (mainly
modern coffee production in the area) is crucial. Furthermore, the wildlife authorities and local
institutions are encouraged to address the needs of the local communities or to find the source of
alternative livelihood to the societ
Assessmnt Of Human Wild Animals Conflict And Management Strategy In Gera District, South Western Ethiopia
No full textHuman-wildlife conflict exists in different forms all over the world and experienced more in
developing countries. Presently in south western Ethiopia wild animals compete for resource
with human being and in conflict with each other. Therefore, this study was conducted to
investigate the current status of human wild animals’ conflict and management strategy in
Gera, south western Ethiopia. Data were collected in two trips via semi-structured
questionnaires, focus group discussion, direct observation and key informant. Total count was
used to estimate population of top ranked wild animals in sampled forest. One-way ANOVA
was used to analyses cause of human wild animal’s conflict whereas One-way ANOVA and t
test were used to analyze damage caused by wild animals. Pearson correlation was used to
test the relation between distance of study village and family size with damage events. Chisquare test was used to analyze number of top ranked wild animals between dry and wet
season and traditional methods used by the respondents. The result showed that of all
respondents about 50% and 22% of them reported that the existence of HWC manifested
through crop damage and livestock predation respectively. The response of respondents was
significantly different on each conflict type namely crop and livestock damage and crop
damage only (P=0.00). Respondents report habitat disturbance, proximity to natural forest,
increased subsistence agriculture, increased coverage of plantation forest, increased of wild
animals’ population as causes of HWC. Olive Baboon, Bush Pig, Warthogs, Grivet Monkey
and Porcupine were the identified damage causing wild animals. The most predators on small
ruminant and chickens were Olive Baboons. A total of 912 damage events were registered on
five sample sites which was sown maize, teff and sorghum in the production season
2013/2014. The registered damage event were significantly different from site to site (P
=0.037) in which it was high in sites which have less distance from forest edge. A total of 259
and 240 Olive Baboons, and 126 and 148 Grivet Monkey were estimated in the sampled forest
in dry and wet season respectively. There was no significant difference between the number of
both wild animals in wet and dry (P > 0.05). Respondents used guarding, chasing, fencing,
scarecrow and smoking to defend crop raiders. There was significant difference between
respondents (P = 0.000) in using those traditional methods in which about 30% of them used
guarding and 0.8% of them used smoking which was the highest and lowest methods used by
respondents respectively. The present study identified the existence of HWC in Gera south
western Ethiopia and manifested through crop damage and livestock predation. Therefore
encouraging local communities to grow unpalatable crops to wild animals, cooperatively
keep their crop and changing their means of farming to cash crops like coffee, chat and
livestock raring. Therefore, investment should base on proper site selection which is feasible
economically and ecologically and encouraging the development of ecotourism is a way out,
the food habits of wild animals should be systematically studied
Assessmnt of human wild animals conflict and management strategy in gera district, south western Ethiopia
No full textHuman-wildlife conflict exists in different forms all over the world and experienced more in
developing countries. Presently in south western Ethiopia wild animals compete for resource
with human being and in conflict with each other. Therefore, this study was conducted to
investigate the current status of human wild animals’ conflict and management strategy in
Gera, south western Ethiopia. Data were collected in two trips via semi-structured
questionnaires, focus group discussion, direct observation and key informant. Total count was
used to estimate population of top ranked wild animals in sampled forest. One-way ANOVA
was used to analyses cause of human wild animal’s conflict whereas One-way ANOVA and t
test were used to analyze damage caused by wild animals. Pearson correlation was used to
test the relation between distance of study village and family size with damage events. Chisquare test was used to analyze number of top ranked wild animals between dry and wet
season and traditional methods used by the respondents. The result showed that of all
respondents about 50% and 22% of them reported that the existence of HWC manifested
through crop damage and livestock predation respectively. The response of respondents was
significantly different on each conflict type namely crop and livestock damage and crop
damage only (P=0.00). Respondents report habitat disturbance, proximity to natural forest,
increased subsistence agriculture, increased coverage of plantation forest, increased of wild
animals’ population as causes of HWC. Olive Baboon, Bush Pig, Warthogs, Grivet Monkey
and Porcupine were the identified damage causing wild animals. The most predators on small
ruminant and chickens were Olive Baboons. A total of 912 damage events were registered on
five sample sites which was sown maize, teff and sorghum in the production season
2013/2014. The registered damage event were significantly different from site to site (P
=0.037) in which it was high in sites which have less distance from forest edge. A total of 259
and 240 Olive Baboons, and 126 and 148 Grivet Monkey were estimated in the sampled forest
in dry and wet season respectively. There was no significant difference between the number of
both wild animals in wet and dry (P > 0.05). Respondents used guarding, chasing, fencing,
scarecrow and smoking to defend crop raiders. There was significant difference between
respondents (P = 0.000) in using those traditional methods in which about 30% of them used
guarding and 0.8% of them used smoking which was the highest and lowest methods used by
respondents respectively. The present study identified the existence of HWC in Gera south
western Ethiopia and manifested through crop damage and livestock predation. Therefore
encouraging local communities to grow unpalatable crops to wild animals, cooperatively
keep their crop and changing their means of farming to cash crops like coffee, chat and
livestock raring. Therefore, investment should base on proper site selection which is feasible
economically and ecologically and encouraging the development of ecotourism is a way out,
the food habits of wild animals should be systematically studied
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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