1,721,020 research outputs found
Land use impact on the spatial and seasonal variation of contaminant loads to Abou Ali river and its coastal zone in North Lebanon
No full textAssessment of contaminant loads to surface water bodies is important for the proper use and management of these water resources. Many pollution assessment studies have focused on heavily polluted rivers of industrialized countries as well as major rivers in other less developed countries. Studies concerning relatively small rivers in developing countries are rather limited although water quality in such rivers may be impacted by human activity and land use patterns resulting inconsiderable ecological changes. This study assesses the land use impact on water quality in the Abou Ali River Basin and its coastal zone in North Lebanon, based on multiple indicators, primarily concentrations of nutrients, metals and pesticides. The assessment was conducted during the dry season in 2002 and wet season in 2003. The water quality of the Abou Ali River is not significantly degraded (as generally perceived) and exhibits slight seasonal differences in the interaction between land use and water quality. The worst water quality is apparent in the Tripoliarea where the total pollution of the upstream flow accumulates exacerbated by local wastewater discharge. The steep profile of the Abou Ali River flushes contaminants towards the estuary and the sea. Future work requires the development of the approach that assists in evaluating current and future environmental conditions at a river/estuary/sea interface within a rigorous framewor
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Factors influencing development of management strategies for the Abou Ali River in Lebanon. I: Spatial variation and land use
No full textSurface water bodies are progressively subject to increasing stress as a result of environmentally degrading processes primarily related to anthropogenic activities. This study assesses and examines the impact of land use and land-based activities on the spatial variation in water quality of the Abou Ali River in North Lebanon. It is the first detailed study of its kind in Lebanon and adds to the existing knowledge by shedding light on a relatively small Mediterranean river in a developing country where there is a paucity of such studies. The assessment was conducted at the end of the dry season in 2002 and 2003 and the end of the wet season in 2003 and 2004. The study has demonstrated the importance of anthropogenic influences on the water quality of the Abou Ali River Basin, as concentrations of most contaminants were higher at locations with greatest human activity. The most adversely affected area was the section of the river that flows through an entirely urbanized and highly populated region, the Tripoli conurbation. Upstream rural sites were enriched by contaminants primarily from non-point sources such as agricultural runoff and poultry litter whereas contaminant concentrations at the urban sites were enriched by a combination of sewage discharge and flow of contaminants from upstream. If the Abou Ali River is to be utilized as a managed water resource and its water quality sustained, point source discharges will require treatment and land use management must be planned to minimize the impact of diffuse source pollution on the river. A high priority should be given to the implementation and enforcement of the precautionary and polluter pays principles. Moreover, an effective legal, economic and institutional framework is required to encourage investment in waste reduction and control and to introduce environmentally sound practices. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Albek E, 2003, WATER AIR SOIL POLL, V147, P229, DOI 10.1023-A:1024592815576; APHA-AWWA-WEF, 1998, STAND METH EX WAT WA; Bellos D, 2004, ENVIRON INT, V30, P105, DOI 10.1016-S0160-4120(03)00153-3; Blackmore DJ, 1995, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V32, P15, DOI 10.1016-0273-1223(95)00642-7; Boorman DB, 2003, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V314, P379, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(03)00064-0; *CES BTD LYSA, 2001, 1342 CES BTD LYSA; Da Silva AMM, 2001, WATER RES, V35, P1609, DOI 10.1016-S0043-1354(00)00415-2; Dassenakis M, 1998, APPL GEOCHEM, V13, P197, DOI 10.1016-S0883-2927(97)00065-6; *ECODIT, 2001, SOER; Ekholm P, 2000, WATER RES, V34, P3709, DOI 10.1016-S0043-1354(00)00126-3; Gburek WJ, 1999, J HYDROL, V217, P1, DOI 10.1016-S0022-1694(98)00282-0; Gomes RL, 2003, ENDOCRINE DISRUPTERS IN WASTEWATER AND SLUDGE TREATMENT PROCESSES, P177; Greiner R, 2000, OCEAN COAST MANAGE, V43, P29, DOI 10.1016-S0964-5691(99)00067-8; HADDAD M, 1996, WATER PEACE MIDDLE E; Hanratty MP, 1998, J ENVIRON QUAL, V27, P1524; *JICA CDR, 2001, STUD ENV FRIENDL INT; Johnson N., 2002, WATER POLICY, V3, P507; Jones KB, 2001, LANDSCAPE ECOL, V16, P301, DOI 10.1023-A:1011175013278; Karafistan A, 2002, DEEP-SEA RES PT I, V49, P67, DOI 10.1016-S0967-0637(01)00042-5; Kepner WG, 2004, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V94, P115, DOI 10.1023-B:EMAS.0000016883.10110.15; Lester J.N., 1999, MICROBIOLOGY CHEM EN; Magner JA, 2004, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V91, P183, DOI 10.1023-B:EMAS.0000009235.50413.42; MASSOUD M, 2005, WATER POLICY, V6, P519; Massoud MA, 2003, OCEAN COAST MANAGE, V46, P875, DOI 10.1016-S0964-5691(03)00068-1; Meador MR, 2003, ENVIRON MANAGE, V31, P504, DOI 10.1007-s00267-002-2805-5; Meissner R, 1999, WATER SCI TECHNOL, V40, P1, DOI 10.1016-S0273-1223(99)00423-0; MILLER A, 1983, ESTUARIES ENCLOSED S; Neal C, 2002, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V282, P3, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(01)00934-2; Neal C, 2003, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V314, P801, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(03)00085-8; OGUCHI T, 2000, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V251, P5; Parr LB, 2004, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V321, P273, DOI 10.1016-j.scitotenv.2003.09.004; Perona E, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V241, P75, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(99)00334-4; Peters NE, 2000, WATER INT, V25, P185; Rabeni CF, 2001, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V71, P177, DOI 10.1023-A:1017523115381; Ryan T. J., 2002, ENV CONDITION UPPER; Simeonov V, 2003, WATER RES, V37, P4119, DOI 10.1016-S0043-1354(03)00398-1; Storelli MM, 2001, ENVIRON INT, V26, P505, DOI 10.1016-S0160-4120(01)00034-4; Wells PG, 2002, OCEAN COAST MANAGE, V45, P77, DOI 10.1016-S0964-5691(02)00047-9; YAUN L, 2004, ENVIRON MONIT ASSESS, V94, P23; Young K, 1999, SCI TOTAL ENVIRON, V228, P157, DOI 10.1016-S0048-9697(99)00043-127232
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Synthetic polymers blend used in the production of high activated carbon for pesticides removals from liquid phase
No full textFor the activated carbon (AC) production, we used the most common industrial and consumer solid waste, namely polyethyleneterephthalate (PET), alone or blended with other synthetic polymer
such polyacrylonitrile (PAN). By mixing PET, with PAN, an improvement in the yield of the AC
production was found and the basic character and some textural and chemical properties were
enhanced. The PET–PAN mixture was subjected to carbonisation, with a pyrolysis yield of 31.9%,
between that obtained with PET (16.9%) or PAN (42.6%) separately. The AC revealed a high
surface area (1400, 1230 and 1117 m2 g−1) and pore volume (0.46, 0.56 and 0.50 cm3 g−1),
respectively, for PET, PAN and PET–PAN precursors. Selected ACs were successfully tested for 4-
chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) and diuron removal from the liquid phase, showing a
higher adsorption capacity (1.7 and 1.2 mmol g−1, respectively, for MCPA and diuron) and good
fits with the Langmuir (PET) and Freundlich equation (PAN and PET–PAN blend). With MCPA, the
controlling factor to the adsorption capacity was the porous volume and the average pore size.
Concerning diuron, the adsorption was controlled essentially by the external diffusion. A
remarkable result is the use of different synthetic polymers wastes, as precursors for the
production of carbon materials, with high potential application on the pesticides removals from
the liquid phase
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