1,720,955 research outputs found
The development of novel tools for the assessment of UK firefighter nutritional status for use in a multi-component worksite nutrition intervention programme
Get PDFFirefighters are at elevated risk of cardiovascular disease and myocardial infarction. Overweight and obesity prevalence in this occupational group may be greater than in the general population. This is the first nutrition-based study for UK firefighters, involving 28 fire stations and 575 firefighters based in London. This study was designed to develop population specific tools: body composition reference charts, a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and a cookery book for use in a multicomponent worksite intervention.
The validity of BMI for classification of firefighter adiposity status was investigated. Combined prevalence of male firefighter (n=497) overweight and obesity by BMI was 80%, which contrasted widely with the adiposity indices: percentage body fat (BF%) (63%), waist circumference (WC) (43%) and waist-to-height-ratio (WHtR) (59%). Female firefighters (n=78) exhibited lower combined prevalence of overweight and obesity compared to the male firefighters: BMI (43%), BF% (18%), WC (36%) and WHtR (27%). However, misclassification caused by BMI was widespread for both sexes, showing BMI’s specificity to be particularly poor, leading to high rates of false positives. This represents the first study to assess the adiposity of UK female firefighters and the first to comprehensively identify BMI to generate widespread misclassification of UK firefighters. Following this, a novel body composition reference system for UK firefighters was developed. This took the form of centile reference curves illustrating age-related changes in fat mass and skeletal muscle mass of firefighters, offering an improvement upon the limitations of BMI and BF%. Overweight and obesity cut-offs were defined at the 85th and 95th centiles which were chosen due to relative suitability and good agreement (97%; Kappa 0.86, p< 0.001) between the BF% reference curves and the fat-mass index reference curves at these centiles.
A novel FFQ was developed via population specific modification of the EPIC-Norfolk FFQ and validated against three 24hr recalls. Correlations between the methods were significant (p95% of cases falling between the BA limits of agreement. This constitutes the first FFQ validated for UK firefighters.
A worksite cookery workshop intervention and accompanying cookery book were developed and tested, demonstrating practical methods of healthy meal preparation along with environmental modification suggestions designed to ameliorate the established obesogenic food environment. This resulted in several key significant (p< 0.01) improvements to the mess, including 8 firefighting watches reinstating smaller plates, 10 watches leaving leftovers in the kitchen, 11 watches incorporating wholegrain products and 8 watches switching to making sauces/soups from scratch. Finally, the efficacy of a fire station-based nutrition intervention was tested in a cluster-controlled trial. This encompassed group education on non-communicable disease risk factors and the health benefits of adopting a Mediterranean diet. Dietary assessment was undertaken utilising the newly developed FFQ, which informed personalised nutrition consultation for each participant. Mixed design ANOVAS demonstrated significant improvements at 4-months post-intervention (p< 0.01) in daily mean intakes of energy (-244 kcal), total fat (-12 g), saturated fatty acids (-5g), sodium (-311 mg), sugars, preserves and snacks (-19 g). This contributed to concomitant mean body composition improvements in fat mass (-2 kg), BF% (-1.7%), WC (-1.7 cm), weight (-1.7 kg), BMI (-0.5 kg/m2), mood (+0.9) and energy level (+1.2) compared with the control group increasing in WC (+1.9 cm).
In conclusion, the population specific tools can be utilised in a worksite intervention which led to improvements in nutrient intake and body composition. The external validity of the tools, along with the intervention’s high level of feasibility further renders it suitable for rollout on a national level
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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