1,720,998 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Etude des dysfonctions immunologiques induites par la circulation extracorporelle
No full textNosocomial infections can occur among patients under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) used during cardiac surgery or suffering from a cardiogenic schock (ECMO). These infections darken the patients’ prognosis and they are the translation of immune dysfunctions induced by CPB. The first aim of our work was to assess the phenotypic modifications induced by ECMO. We concluded that this device induces a recruitment of immatures neutrophils, increases lymphocytes apoptosis and diminishes their ability to proliferate. Therefore, we comprehensively examine the impact of CPB on every neutrophil’s functions. We observed that CPB does not impact neutrophils bactericidal functions and induces a recruitment of matures neutrophils. These cells are not responsible for the development of nosocomial infections. Finally, CPB, as ECMO, induces lymphocyte’s apoptosis and inhibit their proliferation ability. Moreover, we observed the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells: Myeloïd Derived Suppressor Cells. These cells catabolize the arginine (via an arginase pathway) which is an essential amino-acid for the lymphocyte. Our knowledge of the arginine metabolism during severe inflammatory conditions helped us to show that citrulline is more suitable to correct hypoargininemia. The citrulline supplementation could be propose to patients having cardiac surgery with CPB in order to prevent nosocomial infections.La circulation extracorporelle (CEC) utilisé en chirurgie cardiaque ou en réanimation pour la prise en charge d’un choc cardiogénique (ECMO) est associé à la survenue d’infections nosocomiales assombrissant le pronostic des patients. Ces infections sont l’expression de dysfonctions immunitaires induites par la CEC. La première partie de notre travail s’est attaché à décrire les modifications phénotypiques des différentes populations immunitaires induites par l’ECMO. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence que cette CEC induisait un recrutement de polynucléaires neutrophiles (PMN) immatures et une anergie lymphocytaire caractérisée par une apoptose marquée ainsi qu’une diminution des capacités de prolifération. Nous avons poursuivi notre travail par l’étude exhaustive des PMN au cours de la chirurgie cardiaque avec CEC. Cette technique induit le recrutement de PMN matures aux fonctions de bactéricidie intactes n’expliquant donc pas la susceptibilité des patients aux infections post-opératoires. Finalement, comme l’ECMO, la CEC de chirurgie cardiaque induit une augmentation de l’apoptose lymphocytaire ainsi qu’une diminution des capacités de prolifération. Ces anomalies sont associées au recrutement de cellules immunosuppressives, les Myeloïd Derived Supressor Cells qui, via leur activité arginase, entraine une diminution de la disponibilité en arginine. Cet acide aminé est indispensable aux fonctions lymphocytaires et notre connaissance du métabolisme de l’arginine au décours des état inflammatoires sévères nous a permis de montrer que la supplémentation en citrulline permet de corriger plus efficacement l’hypoargininémie. La supplémentation en citrulline laisse entrevoir de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques afin de limiter les conséquences des phénomènes immunosuppresseurs induits par la CEC
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Immune dysfunctions induced by cardiopulmonary bypass
No full textLa circulation extracorporelle (CEC) utilisé en chirurgie cardiaque ou en réanimation pour la prise en charge d’un choc cardiogénique (ECMO) est associé à la survenue d’infections nosocomiales assombrissant le pronostic des patients. Ces infections sont l’expression de dysfonctions immunitaires induites par la CEC. La première partie de notre travail s’est attaché à décrire les modifications phénotypiques des différentes populations immunitaires induites par l’ECMO. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence que cette CEC induisait un recrutement de polynucléaires neutrophiles (PMN) immatures et une anergie lymphocytaire caractérisée par une apoptose marquée ainsi qu’une diminution des capacités de prolifération. Nous avons poursuivi notre travail par l’étude exhaustive des PMN au cours de la chirurgie cardiaque avec CEC. Cette technique induit le recrutement de PMN matures aux fonctions de bactéricidie intactes n’expliquant donc pas la susceptibilité des patients aux infections post-opératoires. Finalement, comme l’ECMO, la CEC de chirurgie cardiaque induit une augmentation de l’apoptose lymphocytaire ainsi qu’une diminution des capacités de prolifération. Ces anomalies sont associées au recrutement de cellules immunosuppressives, les Myeloïd Derived Supressor Cells qui, via leur activité arginase, entraine une diminution de la disponibilité en arginine. Cet acide aminé est indispensable aux fonctions lymphocytaires et notre connaissance du métabolisme de l’arginine au décours des état inflammatoires sévères nous a permis de montrer que la supplémentation en citrulline permet de corriger plus efficacement l’hypoargininémie. La supplémentation en citrulline laisse entrevoir de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques afin de limiter les conséquences des phénomènes immunosuppresseurs induits par la CEC.Nosocomial infections can occur among patients under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) used during cardiac surgery or suffering from a cardiogenic schock (ECMO). These infections darken the patients’ prognosis and they are the translation of immune dysfunctions induced by CPB. The first aim of our work was to assess the phenotypic modifications induced by ECMO. We concluded that this device induces a recruitment of immatures neutrophils, increases lymphocytes apoptosis and diminishes their ability to proliferate. Therefore, we comprehensively examine the impact of CPB on every neutrophil’s functions. We observed that CPB does not impact neutrophils bactericidal functions and induces a recruitment of matures neutrophils. These cells are not responsible for the development of nosocomial infections. Finally, CPB, as ECMO, induces lymphocyte’s apoptosis and inhibit their proliferation ability. Moreover, we observed the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells: Myeloïd Derived Suppressor Cells. These cells catabolize the arginine (via an arginase pathway) which is an essential amino-acid for the lymphocyte. Our knowledge of the arginine metabolism during severe inflammatory conditions helped us to show that citrulline is more suitable to correct hypoargininemia. The citrulline supplementation could be propose to patients having cardiac surgery with CPB in order to prevent nosocomial infections
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Etude des dysfonctions immunologiques induites par la circulation extracorporelle
No full textNosocomial infections can occur among patients under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) used during cardiac surgery or suffering from a cardiogenic schock (ECMO). These infections darken the patients’ prognosis and they are the translation of immune dysfunctions induced by CPB. The first aim of our work was to assess the phenotypic modifications induced by ECMO. We concluded that this device induces a recruitment of immatures neutrophils, increases lymphocytes apoptosis and diminishes their ability to proliferate. Therefore, we comprehensively examine the impact of CPB on every neutrophil’s functions. We observed that CPB does not impact neutrophils bactericidal functions and induces a recruitment of matures neutrophils. These cells are not responsible for the development of nosocomial infections. Finally, CPB, as ECMO, induces lymphocyte’s apoptosis and inhibit their proliferation ability. Moreover, we observed the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells: Myeloïd Derived Suppressor Cells. These cells catabolize the arginine (via an arginase pathway) which is an essential amino-acid for the lymphocyte. Our knowledge of the arginine metabolism during severe inflammatory conditions helped us to show that citrulline is more suitable to correct hypoargininemia. The citrulline supplementation could be propose to patients having cardiac surgery with CPB in order to prevent nosocomial infections.La circulation extracorporelle (CEC) utilisé en chirurgie cardiaque ou en réanimation pour la prise en charge d’un choc cardiogénique (ECMO) est associé à la survenue d’infections nosocomiales assombrissant le pronostic des patients. Ces infections sont l’expression de dysfonctions immunitaires induites par la CEC. La première partie de notre travail s’est attaché à décrire les modifications phénotypiques des différentes populations immunitaires induites par l’ECMO. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence que cette CEC induisait un recrutement de polynucléaires neutrophiles (PMN) immatures et une anergie lymphocytaire caractérisée par une apoptose marquée ainsi qu’une diminution des capacités de prolifération. Nous avons poursuivi notre travail par l’étude exhaustive des PMN au cours de la chirurgie cardiaque avec CEC. Cette technique induit le recrutement de PMN matures aux fonctions de bactéricidie intactes n’expliquant donc pas la susceptibilité des patients aux infections post-opératoires. Finalement, comme l’ECMO, la CEC de chirurgie cardiaque induit une augmentation de l’apoptose lymphocytaire ainsi qu’une diminution des capacités de prolifération. Ces anomalies sont associées au recrutement de cellules immunosuppressives, les Myeloïd Derived Supressor Cells qui, via leur activité arginase, entraine une diminution de la disponibilité en arginine. Cet acide aminé est indispensable aux fonctions lymphocytaires et notre connaissance du métabolisme de l’arginine au décours des état inflammatoires sévères nous a permis de montrer que la supplémentation en citrulline permet de corriger plus efficacement l’hypoargininémie. La supplémentation en citrulline laisse entrevoir de nouvelles perspectives thérapeutiques afin de limiter les conséquences des phénomènes immunosuppresseurs induits par la CEC
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