1,720,955 research outputs found
Text recognition skills and text recall ability of adults who do and do not stutter in oral and typed modes
Get PDFBACKGROUND: Growing evidence suggests subtle weak language and memory skills in adults who stutter (AWS). It is unknown if differences are due to oral task demands; prior memory studies have focused on phonological short-term memory. This study further investigates story retelling and word fluency skills in AWS and adults who do not stutter (AWNS).
METHOD: Fifteen pairs of AWS and AWNS completed story retell and recognition tasks conducted in oral and typed modes. Word fluency (lexical retrieval) skills, digit span in both modes, and vocabulary were also assessed.
RESULTS: No significant differences were found between groups on most measures, across modes, with the exception of word fluency, where AWS produced fewer items in both modes. Vocabulary and word fluency skills correlated with story retell ability in AWNS, but not in AWS. Findings suggest potential lexical access and retrieval differences in AWS, but no specific disadvantages posed by oral responses
Explicit Learning in Developmental Stuttering
No full textStuttering is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by overt speech disfluencies and significant adverse impact on quality of life. Atypical cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loops are theorized to contribute to the onset and development of stuttering. Children who stutter (CWS) also have less efficient executive function skills and reduced neural connectivity in brain regions that support executive function compared to children who do not stutter (CWNS). These brain regions and skills are known to support learning. Dual-learning systems (DLS) models propose two category learning systems. The explicit system supports learning rule-based categories and is scaffolded by executive function. The procedural system supports learning information-integration categories implicitly using feedback and reward. Based on previous findings in CWS that suggest differences in cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical loop connectivity and executive function skills, which may suggest reduced learning performance and inefficient learning strategy use in CWS, we investigated auditory and visual explicit category learning in CWS using DLS models. Sixty-three 7–12-year-old CWS (N = 31) and CWNS (N = 32) completed three online sessions which included a battery of speech, language, cognitive, and auditory and visual explicit category learning tasks. Children learned to categorize auditory (sounds) that varied along temporal and spectral modulation dimensions and visual (lines) stimuli that varied along spatial frequency and orientation dimensions. There were no significant group differences in learning accuracy, reaction times, or learning strategy use. Both groups of children had higher accuracies in the auditory modality at the beginning of learning but showed more improvements in accuracy across learning blocks in the visual modality. Performance on tasks that measured inhibition and cognitive flexibility skills was similar for CWS and CWNS. Inhibition skills did not predict learning performance. Higher cognitive flexibility skills predicted significant improvements in accuracy across learning blocks in the visual modality for both CWS and CWNS. In the auditory modality, higher cognitive flexibility skills predicted improvements in accuracy across learning blocks in CWNS only. Taken together, these findings suggest that explicit category learning is intact in CWS and stronger cognitive flexibility skills in CWNS support learning across modalities, a relationship that is less robust in CWS
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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