183,660 research outputs found
Testing the Marshall-Lerner condition in Kenya
No full textIn this paper we examine the Marshall-Lerner (ML) condition for the Kenyan economy. In particular, we use quarterly data on the log of real exchange rates, export-import ratio and relative (US) income for the time period 1996q1 – 2011q4, and employ techniques based on the concept of long memory or long-range dependence. Specifically, we use fractional integration and cointegration methods, which are more general than standard approaches based exclusively on integer degrees of differentiation. The results indicate that there exists a well-defined cointegrating relationship linking the balance of payments to the real exchange rate and relative income, and that the ML condition is satisfied in the long run although the convergence process is relatively slow. They also imply that a moderate depreciation of the Kenyan shilling may have a stabilizing influence on the balance of payments through the current account without the need for high interest rates.This study is partly funded by the Ministry of Education of Spain (ECO2011-2014 ECON Y FINANZAS, Spain) and from a Jeronimo de Ayanz project of the Government of Navarra
Innovation and Incentives: Evidence from Corporate R&D
No full textBeginning in the late 1980s, American corporations began increasingly linking the compensation of central research personnel to the economic objectives of the corporation. This paper examines the impact of the shifting compensation of the heads of corporate research and development. Among firms with centralized R&D organizations, a clear relationship emerges: more long-term incentives (e.g. stock options and restricted stock) are associated with more heavily cited patents. These incentives also appear to be somewhat associated with more patent filings and patents of greater generality. We address endogeniety concerns in a variety of ways, including examining the impact of compensation for other key managers and utilizing an instrument based on spawning activity in the region. While we cannot determine whether the effect is due to better project selection or better people selection, the results continue to be consistent with our interpretation that performance pay of corporate R&D heads is associated with more innovative firms.
Das Konzept einer Lerner-Grammatik
No full textSchmidt R. Das Konzept einer Lerner-Grammatik. In: Gross H, ed. Grammatikarbeit im Deutsch-als-Fremdsprache-Unterricht. Studium Deutsch als Fremdsprache - Sprachdidaktik ; Bd. 8. München: Iudicium-Verl.; 1990: 153-161
Exchange rate policy and trade balance. A cointegration analysis of the argentine experience since 1962.
No full textUsing multivariate cointegration tests for non-stationary data and vector error correction models, this paper examines the determinants of trade balance for Argentina over the last forty to fifty years. Our investigation confirms the existence of long-run relationships among trade balance, Real Exchange Rate (RER) and foreign and domestic incomes for Argentina during different real exchange rate management policies. Based on the estimations, the Marshall-Lerner condition is examined and, by means of impulse response functions, we trace the effect of a one-time shock to the RER on the trade balance checking the J-curve pattern.Argentina; Marshall-Lerner; J-Curve; cointegration and impulse response analysis
Does market concentration of downstream buyers squeeze upstream suppliers’ market power?
No full textUsing a theoretical model, we examine both the relationship between a downstream dominant firm’s market share and an upstream monopoly’s Lerner index and the relationship between upstream and downstream price elasticities of demand, in a regulated industry context. We undertake an empirical study that confirms our theoretical predictions, namely that the market share of a leader downstream firm is significant in explaining the upstream producers’ Lerner indexes. Also in accordance with the results of the theoretical model, the Lerner index is negatively influenced by the competition that suppliers face and by the level of economies of density, amongst other variables.vertical relations, buyers’ market power
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Antidumping and Market Power in the Agriculture Sector, with a Special Case Study of the Fresh Tomato Industry
No full textIn this article we highlight the anticompetitive nature of antidumping (AD) legislation. Antidumping legislation was set up to protect domestic firms from predatory pricing by foreign firms. We argue that protecting highly concentrated industries drastically reduces competition at home. In cases where the industry consists only of one or two firms, import restriction may breed monopolies at the expense of domestic consumers. This article looks at cases filed by the agriculture sector, and at the market concentration of industries in this sector, to illustrate the above possibility. We study the case of fresh tomatoes in detail to further demonstrate the anticompetitive nature of AD legislation. We show the effect of AD legislation on imports, as well as the change in the Lerner index in the fresh tomato industry.agriculture, antidumping legislation, competition, fresh tomato industry, Crop Production/Industries, International Relations/Trade,
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Lebenslange Lerner – Bildungsbiografische (Dis-)Kontinuitäten differenter Formen des Lernens von Fremdsprachen
No full textIn diesem Artikel wird am Beispiel des Fremdsprachenlernens der wissenschaftlich noch wenig bearbeitete Zusammenhang zwischen Identität und Lernen thematisiert. Annahme ist, dass trotz des bildungspolitischen Appells zum Lebenslangen Lernen das Lernen im Lebenslauf nicht kontinuierlich, sondern diskontinuierlich ist. Es wird die Frage gestellt, wie die Lernenden mit diesen Diskontinuitäten umgehen. Die Wahrnehmung, Beschreibung und Ordnung dieser Diskontinuitäten ist – so die These des Beitrags – abhängig vom Selbstbild als Lerner bzw. von dessen Identität. Drei Formen werden empirisch herausgearbeitet: die Identität als heroische(r) Lerner(in), die Identität als selbstverständliche(r) Lerner(in) und die Identität als potenzielle(r) Lerner(in). In allen drei Formen, die keineswegs ausschließend sind, sondern sich individuell im Lebenslauf abwechseln können und zugleich zeitbezogen unterschiedliche Verbindungen eingehen können, wird Kontinuität als lebenslanger Lerner her- bzw. dargestellt; und dies auch dann, wenn das Lernen diskontinuierlich verläuft.The following article focuses the neglected relation between identity and learning by reconstructing foreign language learning efforts by adults. In spite of educational policy’s proclamation of (continuous) lifelong learning, real learning processes are characterised by various discontinuities. Adults deal with these discontinuities by perceiving, describing and structuring them dependent on their self-images as learners. Interpretations of interviews with adult language learners supply evidence for three strategic forms of identity: the identity as a "heroic" learner; the identity as a "natural" learner; and the identity as a "potential" learner. The different identities, altering during the course of life, maintain continuity even when learning activities turn out to be discontinuous
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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