1,720,956 research outputs found
Modelling of electrochemical processes at microelectrodes
No full textIn this work, the finite element modelling of 2D and 3D scanning electrochemical microsopy (SECM) systems is presented. The main focus has been on the influence oftip geometry and the presence of defects on the limiting current of the SECM tip. The geometry of the electrode of particular interest is conical with conical insulation, as this is the shape of AFM-SECM probes fabricated by our coworkers. This thesis presents an extensive study of the electrochemical response of conical electrodes both in the bulk solution and close to a surface. Key equations were derived for conical electrodes and a thorough quantitative analysis of the influence of the tip geometry, be it the parameters describing it or the presence of defects, is reported. A novel equation was derived to calculate the current in the bulk at a conical electrode with conical insulation and an extensive study of possible defects was conducted to allow users to adjust the expression and obtain a more accurate estimation of the limiting current. The spatial resolution defined as the ability of an electroactive probe to detect a conducting region of a givensize- and the lateral resolution -the distance necessary to fully resolve a conducting region form an inert region- were both investigated for a range of geometries as wellas for a selection of defects. This enables us to draw conclusions on the ideal tip, and how sensitive it would be to features of the substrate. A set of equations was derivedto describe positive and negative feedback approach curves for cones, and steps were defined for users to determine the shape of the electrode from experimental approachcurves. Simulated curves are also provided to help with the extraction of kinetics at the substrate surface from the experimental approach curves. Finally, the influence of a ring disc tip geometry was evaluated by monitoring the collection efficiency as a function of tip-substrate distance for different disc-ring separations
Scanning electrochemical microscopy: diffusion controlled approach curves for conical AFM-SECM tips
No full textThe diffusion controlled response of conical AFM-SECM probes is presented. Accurate expressions are given which describe the dependence of the probe current on the tip radius and aspect ratio, insulating sheath radius and tip–substrate distance for positive feedback and hindered diffusion. A procedure is proposed to determine the tip dimensions from the experimental approach curves
Atomic force microscopy-scanning electrochemical microscopy: influence of tip geometry and insulation defects on diffusion controlled currents at conical electrodes
No full textNumerical simulations were performed to predict the amperometric response of conical electrodes used as atomic force microscopy-scanning electrochemical microscopy (AFM-SECM) probes. A simple general expression was derived which predicts their steady state limiting current as a function of their insulation sheath thickness and cone aspect ratio. Simulated currents were successfully compared with experimental currents. Geometrical parameters such as insulation angle and tip bluntness were then studied to determine their effect on the limiting current. Typical tip defects were also modeled using 3D simulations, and their influence on the current was quantified. Although obtained for SECM-AFM probes, these results are directly applicable to conical micro- and nanoelectrodes.<br/
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Electrochemical current-sensing atomic force microscopy in conductive solutions
Full text linkInsulated atomic force microscopy probes carrying gold conductive tips were fabricated and employed as bifunctional force and current sensors in electrolyte solutions under electrochemical potential control. The application of the probes for current-sensing imaging, force and current-distance spectroscopy as well as scanning electrochemical microscopy experiments was demonstrated
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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