1,721,061 research outputs found
Introduction: Towards Responsible Plant Data Linkage
Full text linkThis is the final version. Available on open access from Springer via the DOI in this recordThe book to which this is the introductory chapter is available in ORE at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/131460This chapter provides a framing for this volume by reviewing the significance and the organisational, technical and social opportunities and challenges related to plant data linkage. We review what “responsible practice” means in relation to the plant environments being documented, the infrastructures used to circulate data, the institutions involved in data governance and the communities involved in plant data work. We show how, across these domains, responsible plant data linkage involves consideration of technical, legal, ethical and conceptual dimensions, thereby: (1) creating and maintaining digital infrastructures, technical standards and discussion venues focused on critical data reuse; (2) developing adequate legal and institutional frameworks that work transnationally; (3) identifying and implementing guidelines for what constitutes acceptable data use, together with systems to monitor and allocate responsibility for breaches and mistakes; and (4) considering the variety of views on what constitutes agricultural development in the first place and how plant research can sustainably, reliably and responsibly contribute to achieving food security. The production of sustainable, responsible and reliable agricultural solutions in the face of climatic and political change depends on the flourishing of transnational, interdisciplinary collaborations such as those represented in this volume.Alan Turing InstituteEuropean Research Council (ERC
Learning from Data Journeys
Full text linkThis is the final version. Available on open access from Springer via the DOI in this recordThis chapter discusses the idea of data journeys as an investigative tool and a
theoretical framework for this volume and broader scholarship on data. Building on a
relational and historicized understanding of data as lineages, I reflect on the
methodological, conceptual and social challenges involved in mapping, analysing
and comparing the production, movement and use of data within and across
research fields - and some of the strategies developed to cope with such difficulties. I
then provide an overview of the significant variation among the data practices
garnered in this volume. Specific nodes of difference and similarity across data
journeys are identified, while also emphasising the extent to which such
commonalities are dependent on specific situations of inquiry. In closing, I highlight
the significance of this approach towards addressing concerns raised by data-centric
science and the emergence of big and open data.European CommissionAlan Turing Institut
Cultivating Responsible Plant Breeding Strategies: Conceptual and Normative Commitments in Data-Intensive Agriculture
Full text linkThis is the final version. Available on open access from Springer via the DOI in this recordThe book in which this chapter appears is available in ORE at http://hdl.handle.net/10871/131460This chapter argues for the importance of considering conceptual and normative commitments when addressing questions of responsible practice in data-intensive agricultural research and development. We consider genetic gain-focused plant breeding strategies that envision a data-intensive mode of breeding in which genomic, environmental and socio-economic data are mobilised for rapid crop variety development. Focusing on socio-economic data linkage, we examine methods of product profiling and how they accommodate gendered dimensions of breeding in the field. Through a comparison with participatory breeding methods, we argue that the conceptual commitments underpinning current methods of integrating socioeconomic data into calculations of genetic gain can preclude the achievement of key social development goals, and that better engagement with participatory approaches can help address this problem. We conclude by identifying three key avenues towards a data-intensive approach to plant breeding that utilises the diverse sources of relevant evidence available, including socio-economic data, and maximises the chance of developing sustainable and responsible strategies and research practices in this domain: (1) reliable, long-term management of data infrastructures; (2) ongoing critical analysis of the conceptual foundations of specific strategies; and (3) regular transdisciplinary consultations including expertise in the social studies of agricultural science as well as participatory breeding techniques.Alan Turing InstituteEuropean Research Council (ERC
Psychological Health of Workers in the New Normal: The Moderating Role of Stress Management Intervention
No full textCultural Proximity and Firm Innovation: The Moderator Role of Digital Technologies
No full textThe paper explores the concept of cultural proximity and its effects on firm innovation, paying specific attention to the moderator role played by digital technologies. In order to improve the innovative performance, firms should construct and maintain relationships with the members of other organizations and should develop and take care of the relationship between the members inside the firm. Previous studies show that innovation is easily reached through the joint efforts of different actors, such as competitors and suppliers, and customers. Cultural proximity refers to cultural compatibility, identity, and shared creativity norms of organization members or between different firms. Similar firms can communicate, transfer, and acquire knowledge more effectively and efficiently. In this paper, we explore the relationship between cultural proximity and innovation. Moreover, we investigate the moderator role of digital technologies on the relationship between cultural proximity and firm innovation. The development of digital technologies allowed firms to implement a remote production control and to promote innovative forms of work organization such as smart working. After the digital revolution, people started to adopt different tools to communicate, cooperate, and be connected with. The virtual face-to-face interactions facilitates economic activities; digital technologies enable the development of shared values stimulating collaborations and interactions between people located in different places. The relationships between people belonging to different cultures (i.e., with low cultural proximity) are facilitated by employing digital tools. Developing testable propositions, we contribute to the debate about the importance of cultural proximity and the development of digital-based interactions on innovative activities
The impact of personality traits and abilities on entrepreneurial orientation in SMEs
No full textEntrepreneurial orientation is especially important for economic growth, innovation, and employment. This paper investigates how entrepreneurs’ narcissism and resilience affect the entrepreneurial orientation of small and medium sized enterprises. We identify two sides of entrepreneur narcissism: exhibitionism and manipulation. Using survey data from 114 firms, our results show that the exhibitionistic sides of narcissism and entrepreneur resilience have a positive effect on entrepreneurial orientation, while the manipulative side of narcissism has a negative impact. Our findings show also that resilience moderates the relationship between narcissism and entrepreneurial orientation. This study contributes to the understanding of the antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation
"I'm Your Leader Now, but Do You Trust Me?”: Analysis of Leadership and Trust in Family Firms
No full textThe impact of personality traits and abilities on entrepreneurial orientation in SMEs
No full textEntrepreneurial orientation is especially important for economic growth, innovation, and employment. This paper investigates how entrepreneurs’ narcissism and resilience affect the entrepreneurial orientation of small and medium sized enterprises. We identify two sides of entrepreneur narcissism: exhibitionism and manipulation. Using survey data from 114 firms, our results show that the exhibitionistic sides of narcissism and entrepreneur resilience have a positive effect on entrepreneurial orientation, while the manipulative side of narcissism has a negative impact. Our findings show also that resilience moderates the relationship between narcissism and entrepreneurial orientation. This study contributes to the understanding of the antecedents of entrepreneurial orientation
Towards Responsible Plant Data Linkage: Data Challenges for Agricultural Research and Development
Full text linkThis is the final version. Available on open access from Springer via the DOI in this recordThis open access book provides the first systematic overview of existing challenges and opportunities for responsible data linkage, and a cutting-edge assessment of which steps need to be taken to ensure that plant data are ethically shared and used for the benefit of ensuring global food security – one of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals. The volume focuses on the contemporary contours of such challenges through sustained engagement with current and historical initiatives and discussion of best practices and prospective future directions for ensuring responsible plant data linkage.
The volume is divided into four sections that include case studies of plant data use and linkage in the context of particular research projects, breeding programs, and historical research. It address technical challenges of data linkage in developing key tools, standards and infrastructures, and examines governance challenges of data linkage in relation to socioeconomic and environmental research and data collection. Finally, the last section addresses issues raised by new data production and linkage methods for the inclusion of agriculture’s diverse stakeholders.
This book brings together leading experts in data curation, data governance and data studies from a variety of fields, including data science, plant science, agricultural research, science policy, data ethics and the philosophy, history and social studies of plant science.Alan Turing InstituteEuropean Research Council (ERC
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