1,720,971 research outputs found
Cemento Nanotech. Nanotecnologie per l’innovazione del costruire
No full textIl libro esplora le recenti innovazioni nel campo dei materiali per l’architettura sviluppate mediante l'apporto delle nanotecnologie, attraverso le quali è possibile controllare la struttura chimico-fisica della materia e progettarne le proprietà finali per ottenere prestazioni su misura. I materiali cementizi nanostrutturati, in particolare, rappresentano un interessante sviluppo delle nanotecnologie nel settore delle costruzioni, per la capacità di offrire significativi vantaggi prestazionali rispetto ai prodotti convenzionali e di garantire al contempo il risparmio di risorse materiali ed energetiche nel ciclo di vita.
Per comprendere la portata di tali innovazioni - tuttora in fase embrionale di sviluppo e spesso difficilmente individuabili proprio per la piccola scala a cui avvengono - è richiesto un approccio conoscitivo finalizzato all’individuazione delle possibili ricadute sul piano del progetto e della realizzazione, considerando i vantaggi conseguibili attraverso un impiego consapevole delle nanotecnologie, senza tuttavia trascurare gli interrogativi scientifici ancora aperti e i fattori di rischio per gli individui e per l’ambiente collegati a un loro uso non controllato.
The book explores the recent innovations in the field of architecture materials developed through nanotechnology, based on the design of material properties in order to obtain specific performances. Nanostructured cementitious materials, in particular, represent an interesting nanotechnology application in the construction industry, considering the significant performance levels compared to conventional products and the potential reduction of resources and energy consumption throughout the life cycle connected to their use.
To understand the relevance of these innovations, an approach aimed at identifying the possible impact on design and construction is required, considering the benefits achievable through a conscious use of nanotechnology, without neglecting the scientific issues still open and the risk factors for humans and environment related to their uncontrolled use
Climate Services to Support Disaster Risk Reduction and Climate Change Adaptation in Urban Areas: The CLARITY Project and the Napoli Case Study
Full text linkClimate services are emerging worldwide as an essential tool to bridge the advancement in climate science and meteo/earth observations with a variety of operational fields in the domains of Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA). It is multidisciplinary study area with promising applications in the field of urban microclimate simulations, supporting climate-resilient redevelopment actions at both the city and neighborhood levels. The CLARITY CSIS (Climate Services Information System, available at https://csis.myclimateservice.eu/), developed within the H2020 CLARITY project, is an innovative hazard/impact modeling tool that takes into account short- to long-term climate change scenarios and urban microclimate variability. Disaster risks associated with climate change, such as heat waves and floods, are concentrated in limited periods of the year and therefore not adequately represented by annually averaged values. To this aim, new datasets have been extracted from Regional Climate Models to estimate the frequency of extreme temperatures and precipitation events until 2100, and a novel modeling methodology has been developed to capture the effect on the urban microclimate due to specific built environment features. The wide amount of data generated by satellite earth observations and made available at pan-European level through the Copernicus datasets (e.g., Urban Atlas, European Settlement Map, etc.) has been processed through specific algorithms and GIS spatial analysis tools to extract detailed information related to key parameters linked to urban morphology and surface types. In addition to the “screening service” available at the pan-European level through the CLARITY CSIS, an “expert service” workflow allows increasing the resolution of hazard and impact simulations at 250 m, by exploiting detailed land use datasets provided by local end-users and assessing the DRR/CCA potential of city-wide adaptation plans, as well as of specific district redevelopment projects. This paper will present the features of CLARITY CSIS and the results of Expert Services implemented for the City of Naples, focusing on the methods adopted to implement hazard/impact assessments and how information from climate services is tailored to support the integration of different DRR/CCA strategies within urban plans and projects
Advanced modelling and digital manufacturing: Parametric design tools for the optimization of UHPFRC (ultra high-performance Fiber reinforced concrete) shading panels
No full textThe “Industry 4.0” production scenarios are determining a paradigm shift in the design of building components. The growing trend of orienting technological innovation in the building sector towards the eco-efficiency of industrial manufacturing processes increasingly requires to identify methods and tools able to support the design/manufacturing/construction process as a whole. In this sense, the intellectual and operational dimension of design is discovering a new digital and data-driven technological paradigm. Digital tools are pushing the investigation of the building component manufacturing process into an increasingly virtual dimension, in which the constant integration between environmental and material/geometric parameters identifies the meta-design phase as the “ideal place” to experiment the creative use of data and technical knowledge. Starting from these assumptions, the paper illustrates an original design methodology and the related digital/parametric workflow aimed at optimizing performances and production of a façade shading system realized in UHPFRC (Ultra High-Performance Fiber Reinforced Concrete). The workflow described in this paper includes all the constraints arising from production and the assembly aspects of the components and, with the support of genetic algorithms, aims to improve indoor thermal comfort and indoor daylight performance while containing costs
Future research and innovation priorities in the field of natural hazards, disaster risk reduction, disaster risk management and climate change adaptation: a shared vision from the ESPREssO project
No full textThe H2020 ESPREssO project (Enhancing Synergies for Disaster Prevention in the European Union), aimed at identifying the existing gaps and key priorities for Research and Innovation (R&I) in the domains of Natural Hazards (NH), Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR), Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA). Key research priorities have been framed within the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015–2030 (SFDRR) and the related EU Action Plan, exploring the opportunities emerging from the linkages with the Sendai priorities and the key overarching issues from the literature review and networking activities carried out by ESPREssO project. The many ongoing initiatives at European and Global levels on NH, DRR, DRM and CCA and have been taken into account, with the aim of providing a harmonised framework able to capture the complexity of these fields, in terms of research and innovation and deliver a synthesized view of the emerging priorities.
The paper identifies five broad areas of R&I in the field of DRR and CCA where EU investment is needed, highlighting for each of them relevant key topics of investigation. These areas (Improved Risk and Impact Assessment; Better Data for Resilient Future; Risk Governance and Partnership; Overcoming the Implementation Gap in DRR and CCA; Human Behaviour and Disaster Risk) have been suggested by the ESPREssO “Vision Paper” [1] as an answer to the relevant gaps and needs as expressed by the network of stakeholders and international experts engaged during the project. The Vision Paper is available at http://www.espressoproject.eu/images/deliverables/ESPREssO_D5.5.pdf
Water Sensitive Cities and Innovative Water Concepts for climate change adaptation and mitigation
No full textGoing Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Valorizzazione della conoscenza locale nella gestione partecipata di trasformazioni sensibili agli effetti del cambiamento climatico
No full textDi fronte alle formule omologanti con cui vengono generalmente affrontate le misure di adattamento al cambiamento climatico, i governi devono più che mai diffidare delle soluzioni top-down, promuovendo l'unicità delle agende urbane in campo ambientale e la qualità di processi di policy making fatti su misura: ovvero nascenti dal rispetto delle caratteristiche spaziali e morfologiche di ciascun territorio, dalla conoscenza dei vincoli procedurali e legislativi attivi in quel determinato contesto, come pure degli stili di vita e dei desiderata di coloro che diventeranno i destinatari finali di ciò che quei processi produrranno.
Integrare gli interessi e le attitudini molteplici e diversificate degli stakeholder, declinando le forme di adattamento in relazione alle specificità del sito e del milieu locale, rappresenta una sfida che si può e si deve raccogliere anche utilizzando il supporto di processi partecipativi multidisciplinari e multiscalari, da tarare ad hoc. Si tratta, in altre parole, di incorporare i punti di vista delle comunità accanto a quelli dei progettisti e dei committenti, stimolando i linguaggi e i Know-how locali ad interfacciarsi con il trattamento delle questioni relative all'adattament
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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