1,720,961 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Untersuchung der Effekte von Ketamin, Etomidat und Pethidin auf humane 5-HT<sub>3A</sub>-Rezeptoren und deren Bedeutung für Nausea und Emesis
No full textEinleitung: Das Serotoninsystem ist an zahlreichen physiologischen Funktionen beteiligt. Hierzu zählen u.a. die Modulation der Emesis sowie der Nozizeption. Aus vorherigen Studien ist bekannt, dass zahlreiche (emetogene) Anästhetika mit dem humanen 5-HT3A-Rezeptor interagieren. Das Freisein von PONV ist für die meisten Patienten ein Qualitätsmerkmal der Anästhesie. Neben dem individuellen Leidensdruck kann PONV auch zu schweren Komplikationen wie Nahtinsuffizienzen und dem Boerhaave-Syndrom führen. Ziel dieser In-vitro-Studie war es, die Effekte der emetogenen Substanzen Ketamin (Hypnoanalgetikum), Etomidat (Hypnotikum) und Pethidin (Analgetikum) auf humane 5-HT3A-Rezeptoren zu untersuchen. Zudem sollte der Einfluss der Lipophilie auf die Potenz der Substanzen analysiert werden. Hieraus sollten Grundlagenkenntnisse zur Vermeidung bzw. zur Therapie von PONV ermittelt werden.Methoden: Mittels Patch-Clamp-Experimenten (excised-Konfiguration, outside-out-Modus) wurden die Effekte von Ketamin, Etomidat und Pethidin auf 5-HT (30 µM)-induzierte Ströme untersucht. Für die Versuche wurden humane embryonale Nierenzellen (HEK 293), die mit der cDNA des humanen 5-HT3A-Rezeptors stabil transfiziert wurden, verwendet.Ergebnisse: Ketamin, Etomidat und Pethidin führten in Äquilibriumexperimenten (Applikation der Testsubstanz 60 s vor und während des Serotoninpulses) zu einer konzentrationsabhängigen, reversiblen Inhibierung der 5-HT-induzierten Maximalstromamplituden sowie der Integrale (IC50-Werte (µM): 181, 121, 42, 30, 89, 81). Die experimentell ermittelten IC50-Werte stimmten gut mit den mittels der Meyer-Overton-Korrelation berechneten Werten überein. Als weiterer Effekt wurde festgestellt, dass die Inaktivierungskinetiken der Stromkurven durch alle drei Substanzen beschleunigt wurden (60 µM Etomidat 57 %; 100 µM Ketamin 42 %; 100 µM Pethidin 37 %). Die Aktivierungskinetik hingegen wurde nicht signifikant beeinflusst. Bei Einwasch- und Auswaschexperimenten zeigten sich zudem initial schnelle Substanzeffekte, denen sich jeweils langsamere anschlossen.Diskussion: Die in dieser Studie untersuchten Substanzen (Ketamin, Etomidat und Pethidin) beeinflussen humane 5-HT3A-Rezeptoren. Die signifikanten Effekte werden erst bei Konzentrationen über den klinisch üblichen gefunden und sprechen eher für eine antiemetische Wirkung. Somit kann man von unspezifischen, jedoch Substanz-spezifischen Effekten sprechen. Auch wenn die emetischen Effekte der Testsubstanzen nicht direkt über 5-HT3A-Rezeptoren vermittelt werden, so könnten doch indirekte Mechanismen am Serotoninsystem (z.B. Beeinflussung des 5-HT-Transporters) für das emetische Potential der Substanen eine Rolle spielen. Die experimentell ermittelten Potenzen (IC50-Werte) entsprechen den jeweiligen hydrophoben Eigenschaften der Substanzen. Damit wird die Vorhersagekraft der Meyer-Overton-Korrelation unterstützt. Sowohl weitere In-vitro- als auch In-vivo-Studien wären somit interessant und notwendig, um die exakten emetogenen Wirkmechanismen von Ketamin, Etomidat und Pethidin besser zu verstehen.The effects of ketamine, etomidate, and meperidine on human 5-HT3A receptorsIntroduction: The 5-HT system is involved in various physiologic functions, including the modulation of emesis and pain. Previous studies showed that several anesthetics show nausea and emesis as side effects and interact with human 5-HT3A receptors. The exemption from PONV is a main anesthesia quality criterion for most patients. Beside the individual psychologial strain, PONV can also lead to severe complications like suture insufficiency and Boerhaave syndrome. The aim of this in-vitro study was to analyze the effects of the emetogenic drugs ketamine (hypnoanalgesic), etomidate (hypnotic), and meperidine (analgesic) on human 5-HT3A receptors. In addition, the influence of lipophilic effects on drug potencies should be analyzed. Basic knowledge for prevention and therapy of PONV should be generated.Methods: To determine the effects of ketamine, etomidate and meperidine on 5-HT (30 µM)-induced currents, human embryonic kidney-293 cells, stably transfected with the human 5-HT3A receptor cDNA, were patch clamped (excised outside-out modus).Results: Experiments in equilibrium mode (i.e. drug application 60 s before and during 5-HT pulse) revealed a concentration dependent and reversible inhibition of 5-HT peak currents and integrals by ketamine, etomidate and meperidine (IC50 values (µM): 181, 121, 42, 30, 89, 81). The experimental IC50 values were of the magnitude calculated by using the Meyer-Overton correlation. Furthermore, current desensitization-kinetics were accelerated (60 µM etomidate 57 %; 100 µM ketamine 42 %; 100 µM meperidine 37 %), whereas the activation-kinetics remained unaffected. Wash-in and wash-out experiments showed fast as well as subsequently slow effects.Discussion: Ketamine, etomidate and meperidine have an influence on human 5-HT3A receptors, though at concentration ranges above the clinically relevant. The effects seem to be rather antiemetogenic and unspecific, but drug-specific. Even though the emetogenic effects of the test drugs are not directly mediated via 5-HT3A receptors, indirect mechanisms of the serotonine system (e.g. 5-HT transporter) might be important. Drug potencies (IC50values) found in this study (IC50values) were of the magnitude expected from the respective hydrophobic properties and thereby support the predictive power of the Meyer-Overton correlation. Future in-vitro as well as in-vivo studies are required to analyze the emetogenic pathways of ketamine, etomidate and meperidine in more detail
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
- …
