133 research outputs found
Residue Management and Nutrient Stoichiometry Control Greenhouse Gas and Global Warming Potential Responses in Alfisols
No full textAlthough crop residue returns are extensively practiced in agriculture, large uncertainties remain about greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and global warming potential (GWP) responses to residue return (RR) rates under different residue placements and nutrient supplements. We conducted a laboratory mesocosm experiment in Alfisol in central India to investigate the responses of soil GHG emissions (CO2, N2O, and CH4) and the global warming potential to four wheat RR rates (R0: no residue; R5: 5 Mg/ha; R10: 10 Mg/ha; R15: 15 Mg/ha) and two placements (surface [Rsur] and incorporated [Rinc]) under three nutrient supplement levels (NSLs) (NS0: no nutrients, NS1: nutrients (N and P) added to balance the stoichiometry of C:N:P to achieve 30% humification in RR at 5 t/ha, NS2: 3 × NS1). The results demonstrated a significant (p R5 (3.8) > R15 (2.6) > R0 (1.6). Our results demonstrated a significant linear response of total GWP to RR rates R15 > R10 > R5 > R0, ranging from 201.4 to 1563.6 mg CO2 eq kg−1 soil. In conclusion, quadratic/linear responses of GHGs to RR rates underscore the need to optimize RR rates with nutrient supplements and residue placement to reduce GHG emissions and GWP while ensuring optimal soil health and crop productivity.This article is published as Singh, Dharmendra, Sangeeta Lenka, Narendra Kumar Lenka, Dinesh Kumar Yadav, Shashi S. Yadav, Rameshwar S. Kanwar, Abhijit Sarkar, and Jitendra Kushwaha. "Residue Management and Nutrient Stoichiometry Control Greenhouse Gas and Global Warming Potential Responses in Alfisols." Sustainability 16, no. 10 (2024): 3997. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/su16103997
Optimizing residue return with soil moisture and nutrient stoichiometry reduced greenhouse gas fluxes in Alfisols
No full textOptimum soil moisture and high crop residue return (RR) can increase the active pool of soil organic carbon and nitrogen, thus modulating the magnitude of greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes. To determine the effect of soil moisture on the threshold level of RR for the wheat production system, we analyzed the relationship between GHG fluxes and RR at four levels, namely 0, 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha−1 (R0, R5, R10, and R15) under two soil moisture content (80% FC and 100% FC) and three levels of nutrient management (NS0: no nutrient; NS1, NS2= 3x NS1). Nutrient input (N and P) in NS1 balanced the residue C/nutrient stoichiometry to achieve 30% stabilization of the residue C input in RR (R5). All RR treatments (cf. R0) were found to significantly reduce N2O emission in moderate soil moisture content (80% FC) by 22–56% across nutrient management due to enhanced soil C mineralization, microbial biomass carbon, and N immobilization. However, averaged across nutrient management, a linear increase in N2O emission was observed with increasing RR under 100% FC soil moisture. A significant decrease in CH4 emission by ca. 46% in most RR treatments was observed in 100% FC compared with the R0. The N2O emission was negatively correlated (p= 0.8) to management variables (RR rate, nitrogen (N) input rate, soil moisture, and nutrient stoichiometry of C: N) and post-incubation soil properties (SMBC and NO3-N) in Alfisols. This study demonstrated that the mechanisms responsible for RR effects on soil N2O, CH4 fluxes, and carbon mineralization depend on soil moisture and nutrient management, shifting the nutrient stoichiometry of residue C: N: P.This article is published as Singh, Dharmendra, Sangeeta Lenka, Narendra Kumar Lenka, Dinesh Kumar Yadav, Shashi S. Yadav, Rameshwar S. Kanwar, Abhijit Sarkar, and Madhumonti Saha. "Optimizing residue return with soil moisture and nutrient stoichiometry reduced greenhouse gas fluxes in Alfisols." Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems 8 (2024): 1490523. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsufs.2024.1490523
Parallel session 7 : Teaching and learning innovations
No full textPresented Titles: COVID-19 Era Embraces a New Culture in Curriculum Design: Risk Society Theory Perspective [Author: David Ho] Innovation in the Education Sector Post-COVID-19: Challenges and Solutions [Authors: Das Bharati; Das Ishita] The Influence of Traditional Family Traditions and Education on Adults and University Students under the Pandemic of COVID-19 [Authors: Lijie Wang; Ya-qiong Kang] Impact of Pandemic on Teaching Learning and Research in Indian Higher Education Institutions: Teachers’ Perceptions [Author: Sangeeta Angom
Impact of Crop Residue, Nutrients, and Soil Moisture on Methane Emissions from Soil under Long-Term Conservation Tillage
No full textGreenhouse gas emissions from agricultural production systems are a major area of concern in mitigating climate change. Therefore, a study was conducted to investigate the effects of crop residue, nutrient management, and soil moisture on methane (CH4) emissions from maize, rice, soybean, and wheat production systems. In this study, incubation experiments were conducted with four residue types (maize, rice, soybean, wheat), seven nutrient management treatments {N0P0K0 (no nutrients), N0PK, N100PK, N150PK, N100PK + manure@ 5 Mg ha−1, N100PK + biochar@ 5 Mg ha−1, N150PK+ biochar@ 5 Mg ha−1}, and two soil moisture levels (80% FC, and 60% FC). The results of this study indicated that interactive effects of residue type, nutrient management, and soil moisture significantly affected methane (CH4) fluxes. After 87 days of incubation, the treatment receiving rice residue with N100PK at 60% FC had the highest cumulative CH4 mitigation of −19.4 µg C kg−1 soil, and the highest emission of CH4 was observed in wheat residue application with N0PK at 80% FC (+12.93 µg C kg−1 soil). Nutrient management had mixed effects on CH4 emissions across residue and soil moisture levels in the following order: N150PK > N0PK > N150PK + biochar > N0P0K0 > N100PK + manure > N100PK + biochar > N100PK. Decreasing soil moisture from 80% FC to 60% FC reduced methane emissions across all residue types and nutrient treatments. Wheat and maize residues exhibited the highest carbon mineralization rates, followed by rice and soybean residues. Nutrient inputs generally decreased residue carbon mineralization. The regression analysis indicated that soil moisture and residue C mineralization were the two dominant predictor variables that estimated 31% of soil methane fluxes in Vertisols. The results of this study show the complexity of methane dynamics and emphasize the importance of integrated crop, nutrient, and soil moisture (irrigation) management strategies that need to be developed to minimize methane emissions from agricultural production systems to mitigate climate change.This article is published as Choudhary, Rajesh, Sangeeta Lenka, Dinesh Kumar Yadav, Narendra Kumar Lenka, Rameshwar S. Kanwar, Abhijit Sarkar, Madhumonti Saha, Dharmendra Singh, and Tapan Adhikari. "Impact of crop residue, nutrients, and soil moisture on methane emissions from soil under long-term conservation tillage." Soil Systems 8, no. 3 (2024): 88. doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/soilsystems8030088
Micro-power Pulsed-Doppler Radar Clutter and Displacement Source Classification Dataset
No full textThis is the official dataset for the ACM BuildSys 2019 publication One Size Does Not Fit All: Multi-Scale, Cascaded RNNs for Radar Classification.
The training code for MSC-RNN can be found at https://github.com/dhruboroy29/MSCRNN
Kindly cite this work as:
@article{roy2019one,
title={One Size Does Not Fit All: Multi-Scale, Cascaded RNNs for Radar Classification},
author={Roy, Dhrubojyoti and Srivastava, Sangeeta and Kusupati, Aditya and Jain, Pranshu and Varma, Manik and Arora, Anish},
journal={arXiv preprint arXiv:1909.03082},
year={2019}
}
</pre
Drivers of greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural soils: the effect of residue management and soil type
No full textDeveloping successful mitigation strategies for greenhouse gases (GHGs) from crop residue returned to the soil can be difficult due to an incomplete understanding of factors controlling their magnitude and direction. Therefore, this study investigates the effects of varying levels of wheat residue (WR) and nutrient management on GHGs emissions (CO2, N2O, and CH4) across three soil types: Alfisol, Vertisol, and Inceptisol. A combination of laboratory-based measurements and a variety of data analysis techniques was used to assess the GHG responses under four levels of WR inputs (0, 5, 10, and 15 Mg/ha; WR0, WR5, WR10, and WR15) and three levels of nutrient (NP0: no nutrient, NP1: nutrients (N and P) were added to balance the residue C/nutrient stoichiometry of C/N/P= 100: 8.3: 2.0 to achieve 30% stabilization of added residue C input at 5 Mg/ha (R5), and NP2: 3 × NP1). The results of this study clearly showed that averaged across residue and nutrient input, Inceptisol showed negative N2O flux, suggesting consumption which was supported by its high legacy phosphorus (19.7 mg kg⁻1), elevated pH (8.49), and lower clay content (13%), which reduced microbial activity, as indicated by lower microbial biomass carbon (MBC) and alkaline phosphatase (Alk-P) levels. N2O emissions were more responsive to nutrient inputs, particularly in Vertisol under high WR (15 Mg/ha) input, while CH4 fluxes were significantly reduced under high residue inputs, especially in Vertisol and Inceptisol. Alfisol exhibited the highest total carbon mineralization and GWP, with cumulative GWP being 1.2 times higher than Vertisol and 1.4 times higher than Inceptisol across residue and nutrient input. The partial least square (PLS) regression revealed that anthropogenic factors significantly influenced CO2 and N2O fluxes more than CH4. The anthropogenic drivers contributed 62% and 44% of the variance explained for N2O and CH4 responses. Our study proves that different biogeochemical mechanisms operate simultaneously depending on the stoichiometry of residue C and nutrients influencing soil GHG responses. Our findings provide insight into the relative contribution of anthropogenic and natural drivers to agricultural GHG emissions, which are relevant for developing process-based models and addressing the broader challenge of climate change mitigation through crop residue management.This article is published as Singh, Dharmendra, Sangeeta Lenka, Rameshwar S. Kanwar, Shashi S. Yadav, Madhumonti Saha, Abhijit Sarkar, Dinesh Kumar Yadav et al. "Drivers of greenhouse gas emissions in agricultural soils: the effect of residue management and soil type." Frontiers in Environmental Science 12 (2024): 1489070. doi: https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1489070
Gender and educational variations in the earnings premiums of occupational credentials
No full textOccupational credentials such as professional licenses and certifications are known to generate significant earnings premiums. Based on this, the federal workforce development policy focuses on industry-recognized occupational credentials for less-educated adults to help them obtain family-supporting jobs without having to invest in a postsecondary degree. This study used data from the 2016-2019 Current Population Survey (CPS) outgoing rotation group samples to examine differences in the earnings premiums associated with occupational credentials by gender and education. Our analyses revealed that the earnings premium of job-required credential holding was greater for women than men. For women, estimates of the earnings premiums do not vary much by education level, while for men, those without a Bachelor’s degree tend to have high premiums than those without.Peer reviewe
Disability among children of immigrants from India and China: is there excess disability among girls?
No full textWe investigate whether there is excess morbidity among daughters of Indian or Chinese immigrants in the US by studying the prevalence of disability among children. We use data from the 2012–14 American Community Surveys on approximately 20,000 US-born children of Indian and Chinese immigrants. Children of US natives are used as a comparison group to account for innate differences in disability between the sexes. Results indicate that there is excess disability among daughters compared with sons among children of Chinese immigrants and children of immigrants from northern or western Indian states; this excess disability declines with younger age at arrival or longer exposure to the host country. Analysis using children of Filipino immigrants as an alternative comparison group yields similar excess disability rates for females.Peer reviewe
‘The Darkest Times of My Life’: Recollections of Child Abuse among Forced Migrants Persecuted because of Their Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity
No full textNumerous studies demonstrate that lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) children and youth are likely to experience abuse by peers, parents, and other adults and that these experiences correlate with a host of mental health problems. However, there is little understanding of the experiences of LGBT children and youth living in countries where social and legal protections for sexual and gender minorities are limited or nonexistent. This qualitative study used thematic analysis to explore the child and adolescent abuse experiences and their impact on the pre-migration mental health of LGBT forced migrants. We analyzed 26 interviews with individuals who obtained refugee or asylee status in the United States or Canada on the basis of sexual orientation or gender identity. Participants originated from countries in Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, Eastern Europe, Latin America, and the Middle East. Analysis revealed the following themes: abuse by parents and caregivers, abuse by peers and school personnel, having nowhere to turn, and dealing with psychological distress. Findings indicate that participants experienced severe verbal, physical, and sexual abuse throughout childhood and adolescence and that this abuse occurred at home, in school, and in the community. Furthermore, there were no resources or sources of protection available to them. Participants linked their abuse to subjective experiences of depression, anxiety, and traumatic stress, as well as suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. We conclude with implications for refugee adjudication practices, mental health care, and international policy.© 2015. This manuscript version is made available under the CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/Peer reviewe
Lasers in medical applications: R&D Mapping
No full textA study of the MEDLINE CDROM database, for the period 1969-2000 was undertaken. The purpose was, to identify core areas of research and development, in the field of applications of lasers to humans, along with other bibliometric indicators of research. A total of 34,833 records were retrieved, downloaded and analysed. The results
indicate a steady increase in the number of publications every year, from 1970 onwards, with 1997 (2767 articles) and 1998 (2914 articles) being the most productive years. The most prolific contributors were J. Haut, with 95 publications to his credit, followed by M. Landthaler (82), G. Coscas (79), S.G. Bown (73) and P. Bjerring (70). Collaboration among the authors was high, with a maximum of 15 contributors observed in a few articles. The top ranking journal in the field was Ophthalmology, which published 769 articles starting from 1978. USA was way ahead as the country with the highest journal productivity (around 40% of the total number of records), followed by UK and Germany.
A total of 103 articles were published from India. English was the preferred language of publication, with 75% of the records being published in English language. In the use of
lasers for humans, maximum number of records were found for adult and middle aged populations. Research focussed on the eye and its various diseases. Lasers were found to
be used for therapeutic purposes, in surgery and in the diagnosis of diseases. Carbondioxide laser was most frequently used for medical applications. Though there
were quite a few references on the adverse effects of lasers, the therapeutic effects far outweighed them
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