630 research outputs found
Drug Insight: choosing a drug treatment strategy for women with osteoporosis-an evidence--based clinical perspective.
No full textMany randomized controlled trials (RCTs) have investigated drug treatment for women at high risk of fracture, with a reduction in fracture risk as their end point. There has also been progress in identifying women at the highest risk of fractures. The most important clinical determinant contributing to the clinical decision of initiating and choosing drug therapy for fracture prevention is a woman's fracture risk, which, in RCTs, was determined by menopausal state, age, bone mineral density, fracture history, fall risks and glucocorticoid use. Women with secondary osteoporosis were excluded, except in studies of glucocorticoid use. A second determinant of drug therapy is the evidence for fracture prevention in terms of spectrum (vertebral, nonvertebral and/or hip fractures), size and speed of effect. In the absence of head-to-head RCTs with fracture risk as the end point, however, the efficacy of antifracture drugs cannot be directly compared. Other determinants include the potential extraskeletal benefits and safety concerns of the drug, patient preferences and reimbursement issues
Sponge-associated fungi and their bioactive compounds - the Suberites case
No full textSpecimens of Suberites domuncula that had been cultured in aquaria for 4 weeks were analyzed for their associated fungi. A total of 81 fungal strains belonging to 20 different genera was isolated and identified by morphological and molecular methods. The most frequently isolated taxa were Cladosporium spp., Penicillium spp., Petriella sp., Phialophora spp. and Engyodontium album. Based on chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis of fungal extracts, as well as on bioassay results, Aspergillus ustus, Penicillium sp., Petriella sp. and Scopulariopsis sp. were selected for in-depth analysis of their natural products. A total of 19 different fungal metabolites, including three new natural products, was isolated and structurally identified. A. ustus yielded two sesquiterpenes, a drimane derivative and deoxyuvidin, as well as a sesterterpene ophiobolin H. The drimane derivative had an ED50 value against L5178Y cells of 1.9 mu g ml(-1) in vitro. The crude extract of Petriella sp. was also strongly cytotoxic against the L5178Y cell line. The cyclic tetrapeptide WF-3161 was primarily responsible for the activity; the ED50 value was <0.1 mu g ml(-1). It was identical to the known compound WF-3161 and had been previously isolated from Petriella guttulata. In addition to WF-3161, three further natural products were obtained and unequivocally identified as new derivatives of infectopyrone by one-and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy and by mass spectroscopy. Of the new compounds, only dihydroinfectopyrone was active against L5178Y cells; the ED50 value was 0.2 mu g ml(-1). Penicillium sp. yielded the largest number of metabolites. Viridicatin, viridicatol, cyclopenin and cyclopenol suppressed larval growth of the polyphagous pest insect Spodoptera littoralis when incorporated into an artificial diet at an arbitrarily chosen concentration of 237 ppm. Viridicatol was the most active compound and had an ED50 value of ca. 50 ppm. Scopulariopsis sp. yielded three metabolites, including the known acetylcholinesterase inhibitors quinolactacin A1 and A2
Development of prediction models to select older RA patients with comorbidities for treatment with chronic low-dose glucocorticoids.
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MULTIPHOTON DISSOCIATION AND IONIZATION OF Ni(CO), AND VARIOUS COBALT COMPLEXES IN A JET-COOLED MOLECULAR BEAM: COMPARISON WITH MPI OF WF.
No full textAuthor Institution: Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at ChicagoMutiphoton ionization spectroscopy of Ni(CO), and various cobalt complexes have been investigated. Their MPI spectra exhibited relatively sharp and narrow peaks, namely atomic lines, in the 410-510nm region. Two-photon resonance ionization spectra of metal atoms have been observed in Ni(CO), and cobalt complexes. The multiphoton process for dissociation and ionization in these complexes will be discussed. However, MPI spectra of WF, have exhibited broad bands over the 450-500nm region. The MPI spectra of WF, are quite different than those of Ni(CO), and cobalt complexes: no atomic bands have been observed. The spectra can be instead assigned to three-photon molecular resonance ionization of WF,. All the MPI spectra observed have been assigned and predicted pathways of the MPD/MPI mechanism have been postulated based on energertic thresholds and a power study. Comparison between molecular MPI and atomic MPI in the supersonic jet expansion will be discussed
Cost-effectiveness and cost-utility of add-on, low-dose prednisolone in patients with rheumatoid arthritis aged 65+: The pragmatic, multicenter, placebo-controlled GLORIA trial.
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