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MATERIAL CONSUMER PROTECTION
Get PDFThe article is an attempted discussion of some regulations introduced into the Polish Civil
Code with the Act of 2nd March 2000 on consumer protection and accountability for a dangerous
product. This regulation sets out the framework of consumer protection in the Polish law by means
of two types of provisions. The provisions of the first type regulate consumer contract: its conclusion,
form and amendments, as well as any additional obligations of the parties involved in the
process of shaping the legal relation. In no way do they, however, refer to the content of the contract
itself; instead, they create formal consumer protection. On the other hand, the other group of
regulations allows an interference with the content of the civil law relation, and it therefore provides
material consumer protection. The author discusses both groups of the regulations, analysing
the extent o f their modification and their effect on the Polish goods market
Waste as an object of civil law transactions in the perspective of circular economy implementation
No full textWydział Prawa i AdministracjiPraca doktorska została przygotowana, aby zrealizować dwa podstawowe cele badawcze. Pierwszym jest dokonanie oceny czy instytucje prawa cywilnego wykorzystywane w obrocie odpadami wspierają realizację założeń gospodarki obiegu zamkniętego. Drugim jest określenie, czy uregulowana w art. 27 ust. 3 u.o. konstrukcja przeniesienia administracyjnoprawnej odpowiedzialności za zagospodarowanie odpadów rzeczywiście zapewnia ochronę zdrowia i życia ludzi oraz środowiska przed negatywnymi konsekwencjami nieprawidłowego postępowania z odpadami, a także czy przyczynia się do ograniczenia skutków użytkowania zasobów i poprawia efektywność takiego użytkowania. Zgodnie z przywołanym przepisem, ciążąca na wytwórcy odpadów lub innym posiadaczu odpadów odpowiedzialność za zagospodarowanie odpadów przechodzi na inny podmiot, posiadający odpowiednie decyzje administracyjne lub wpisy do rejestrów, z chwilą przekazania mu odpadów. Przekazanie takie następuje w wykonaniu umowy cywilnoprawnej łączącej przekazującego i odbiorcę odpadów.The PhD thesis was prepared to realize two main research objectives: The first research objective is assessing whether the civil law instruments applied in waste-related transactions support the realization of circular economy assumptions. The second research objective is determining whether the instrument regulated in art. 27 sec. 3 of Polish Waste Act – the transfer of administrative liability for waste management – ensures the protection of human health and the environment against the adverse impacts of the generation and management of waste and if it contributes to reduction of overall impacts of resource use and improvement of the efficiency of such use. Pursuant to this provision, the liability for waste management, resting on the waste producer or other waste holder, is being transferred onto another waste holder provided that this new holder has appropriate waste permits or is entered into relevant registries, upon the handing over of the waste. The waste hand-over is a result of execution of a civil law contract concluded between waste transferor and waste transferee
Il diritto dell’affittuario per l’acquisto di fondo agricolo a seguito di una risoluzione parziale del contratto
Get PDFThe article analyses the term ‘the entitlement to purchase’, used in article 4 of the Act of 16 September 2011 changing the Act on the Management of Agricultural Property of the State Treasury and changing some other acts (Dziennik Ustaw 2009, item 1382) from the civil law perspective. The Act provided for an institution of the exclusion of a part of the lease (30% of the leased property), which might be interpreted as a partial termination of contract. On the other hand, it allowed the tenant who had accepted the conditions of the Agricultural Property Agency, to purchase of the remaining part of a property already leased. The nature of this entitlement is disputable. It is treated either as a claim for making the contract of purchase or for a pre-emptive right to purchase the property. The analysis presented in the article concludes that the aforementioned entitlement to purchase is equal with claims for reaching the sale agreement of the agricultural property under Article 64 of the Civil Code and article 1047 of the Code of Civil Procedure.L’articolo contiene un’analisi del concetto di “diritto di acquisto” utilizzato nell’articolo 4 della legge del 16 settembre 2011 sulla modifica della legge sulla gestione dei fondi agricoli del Tesoro di Stato e sulla modifica di alcune altre leggi (Dziennik Ustaw del 2011, pos. 1382) da una prospettiva civico-giuridica. La legge in questione prevedeva un istituto della c.d. esclusione di una parte dell’affitto (il 30%), e quindi de facto una risoluzione parziale del contratto. Ugualmente essa concedeva all’affittuario, il quale ha accettato la proposta fattagli dall’Agenzia dei Fondi Agricoli, il diritto di acquistare la parte rimanente del fondo affittato. La natura di questo diritto fa sorgere controversie in giurisprudenza. Esso è considerato o come richiesta di stipulazione del contratto oppure come concessione del diritto di prelazione nell’acquisto del fondo. L’analisi eseguita porta a concludere che il diritto di acquisto in questione fa sorgere una richiesta di stipulazione del contratto di vendita del fondo agricolo, la quale può essere rivendicata in base all’articolo 64 del Codice civile e dell’articolo 1047 del Codice di procedura civile.18114516110Przegląd Prawa Rolneg
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Uwzględnienie skargi kasacyjnej przez Sąd Najwyższy jako podstawa żądania naprawienia szkody wyrządzonej przez wydanie prawomocnego orzeczenia niezgodnego z prawem
Get PDFThis article refers to the liability of the State Treasury for damages for erroneous court decisions in civil cases. To be able to sue the State Treasury for damages, the claimant must first obtain a Supreme Court decision. The Polish Code of Civil Procedure provides for a separate claim to determine that the court decision is in breach of the law, but there is also a regulation by which a successful cassation to the Supreme Court is to be an equivalent of that procedure and allows the claimant to sue for damages. This equivalent regulation, albeit with regard to legal provisions, is not accepted in the reported cases, and this provides grounds for the criticism in the article.Artykuł odnosi się do problematyki odpowiedzialności Skarbu Państwa za szkodę wyrządzoną przez wydanie wyroku niezgodnego z prawem w sprawach cywilnych. Kodeks postępowania cywilnego przewiduje odrębną skargę w celu stwierdzenia, że wyrok sądu narusza prawo, ale istnieje również regulacja, zgodnie z którą uwzględnienie skargi kasacyjnej przez Sąd Najwyższy zrównuje się z tą odrębną procedurą, co umożliwia wniesienie pozwu o naprawienie szkody. To równoprawne rozwiązanie, jakkolwiek jasne, gdy chodzi o brzmienie przepisów prawa, nie jest jednak prawidłowo stosowane w orzecznictwie, co wywołuje krytykę przedstawioną w artykule
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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