1,720,966 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Ambiente alimentar em Juiz de Fora: um enfoque no território das escolas
Get PDFRecent approaches to the obesity epidemic have considered the role of the environment in increasing consumption of unhealthy foods and reducing physical activity. The aim of this study has been to examine how the distribution of food stores and other environmental and socioeconomic factors may affect obesogenicity, with special attention to the distribution of food traders around schools. The study examined the food environment and socioeconomic characteristics in the urban regions and the areas surrounding schools in Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais, Brazil. An ecological study was used to investigate the city’s food environment. Thematic maps and neighborhood clusters were developed. An audit of supermarkets and hypermarkets mas made. 500 meters surrounding schools areas buffers were examined. Univariate and bivariate K functions were used to evaluate the food stores’ distribution. In 25 (30.86%) socio-economically deprived neighborhoods unhealthy establishments were much more common. The centre of the city was most concentrated in all types of establishment, whereas the most deprived areas resembled food deserts. There was more opportunity to buy and consume healthy foods in supermarkets and hypermarkets located in regions of higher socio-economic status. Examination of the areas around schools showed a pattern of low densities of all types of food establishments in regions of low socio-economic status and high densities in regions of high socio-economic status, but, higher densities of establishments selling unhealthy food were found around all schools. This indicates that schools attract food stores in their surroundings. The low quality of food environments around schools in Juiz de Fora shows an urgent need to regulate these spaces, to enable and encourage stores selling healthy food. Socio-economic and environmental inequities reinforce the need to implement public policies that promote a healthy food environment throughout the city and its urban areas.Discussões recentes sobre a epidemia da obesidade têm considerado o papel do ambiente no aumento do consumo de alimentos não saudáveis e na diminuição dos gastos energéticos. A distribuição espacial dos estabelecimentos de venda de alimentos e fatores socioeconômicos ambientais influenciam no ganho de peso. A disposição dos comércios de alimentos ao redor das escolas influencia no ganho de peso de crianças e adolescentes. O estudo teve como objetivo examinar espacialmente o ambiente alimentar e as características socioeconômicas nas Regiões Urbanas (RU) e no entorno das escolas de Juiz de Fora, Minas Gerais. Foi feito um estudo ecológico que investigou o ambiente alimentar do município, considerando regiões de diferentes níveis de privação social. Mapas temáticos e clusters de bairros foram desenvolvidos. Foram estudados buffers de 500 m ao redor das escolas e uma auditoria em supermercados foi realizada. As funções K uni e bivariada foram utilizadas para testar a significância das aglomerações de estabelecimentos. Em relação à privação social, 25 bairros (30,86%) apresentaram alta ou muito alta vulnerabilidade. Estabelecimentos alimentares não saudáveis apresentaram maiores frequências (52,73%) em relação às demais categorias. O centro do município apresentou maiores aglomerações de estabelecimentos. Regiões de maior vulnerabilidade se assemelharam a desertos alimentares. Notou-se maior estímulo à compra e ao consumo de alimentos saudáveis por supermercados localizados em regiões de menor privação social. Buffers ao redor das escolas revelaram padrão de baixas densidades de todos estabelecimentos em regiões de maior vulnerabilidade. Maiores densidades de estabelecimentos não saudáveis em relação aos demais foram encontradas ao redor de todas as escolas. A função K bivariada demonstrou o potencial das escolas em atraírem a instalação de comércios de alimentos. A baixa qualidade do ambiente alimentar ao redor das escolas indica uma urgência de regulamentação. Iniquidades ambientais reforçam a necessidade da implantação de políticas que promovam um ambiente alimentar saudável por todo o espaço urbano das cidades.CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superio
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The school food environment in the city of São Paulo and its associations with ultra-processed foods consumption and overweight in adolescents
No full textA prevalência de excesso de peso e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados têm aumentado entre crianças e adolescentes no Brasil e no mundo. Estudos têm sugerido associações entre características do ambiente alimentar escolar, dentro e no entorno das escolas, e desfechos de consumo alimentar e estado nutricional de estudantes. Realizado na cidade de São Paulo, os objetivos deste estudo foram (i) estimar associações entre a presença de cantinas e a disponibilidade de alimentos ultraprocessados nas cantinas com o consumo desses alimentos entre adolescentes do 9o ano do ensino fundamental das redes pública e particular; (ii) estimar associações entre características do ambiente alimentar escolar no quarteirão da escola e o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados e o excesso de peso entre os mesmos adolescentes; e (iii) investigar e comparar a distribuição de estabelecimentos que vendem alimentos no entorno de escolas municipais, estaduais e particulares que ofertam ensino fundamental e/ou médio. Foram utilizadas diferentes fontes de informações: dados do Projeto São Paulo para o desenvolvimento social de crianças e adolescentes (SP-proso), em amostra de 2.680 adolescentes; dados observacionais do ambiente alimentar no entorno das mesmas escolas amostradas pelo SP-proso; dados censitários de escolas que ofertavam ensino fundamental e médio; dados censitários dos estabelecimentos que vendem alimentos; e dados sociodemográficos dos bairros. Com dados do SP-proso, foram feitos modelos de regressão multinível para avaliar associações entre as exposições presença de cantinas nas escolas e disponibilidade de alimentos ultraprocessados nas cantinas com desfechos de frequência de consumo de ultraprocessados na escola e também para testar associações entre características do ambiente alimentar no quarteirão das escolas e desfechos de frequência de consumo de ultraprocessados e excesso de peso entre os adolescentes. Com os dados censitários, foram traçados buffers circulares de raios de 100 a 500 m, com as escolas como centroides. Foram analisadas concentrações ou dispersões dos tipos de estabelecimentos no entorno das escolas. Foram feitos modelos de regressão para analisar as diferenças entre características do ambiente alimentar entre as três categorias de escolas. A presença de cantinas nas escolas se associou a um maior consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados pelos adolescentes. Foi observado um efeito dose-resposta entre a diversidade de ultraprocessados nas cantinas e a frequência de consumo desses alimentos. A presença de ambulantes, estabelecimentos não especializados na venda de alimentos e quatro ou mais categorias de estabelecimentos no entorno das escolas se associaram a um maior o consumo de alimentos ultraprocessados por alunos de escolas públicas. Bares e vendas informais de alimentos contribuíram para a um maior consumo para alunos de escolas privadas. Bancas de jornal e lanchonetes ou padarias aumentaram a chance de adolescentes de escolas públicas apresentarem excesso de peso; enquanto vendas informais de alimentos em domicílios e estabelecimentos não especializados na venda de alimentos aumentaram a chance de os alunos da rede particular apresentarem excesso de peso. Lojas de doces se concentravam no entorno de escolas municipais e particulares, minimercados no entorno de escolas municipais e lanchonetes, super e hipermercados, hortifrútis e açougues e peixarias no entorno das particulares. Super e hipermercados se dispersavam no entorno das escolas municipais e estaduais. O mesmo aconteceu com açougues e peixarias em relação às escolas estaduais. Lanchonete foi o tipo de estabelecimento mais presente no entorno de todas as escolas. Os menos presentes foram super e hipermercados. O fato da escola ser particular aumenta tanto a quantidade quanto a prevalência dos tipos de estabelecimentos no entorno. O ambiente alimentar de má qualidade dentro e no entorno das escolas expõe crianças e adolescentes a fatores de risco para o consumo excessivo de ultraprocessados e o excesso de peso. Políticas públicas são necessárias para regular a venda de alimentos nos territórios escolaresThe prevalence of overweight and the consumption of ultra-processed foods have increased among children and adolescents in Brazil and worldwide. Studies have suggested associations between characteristics of the school food environment, inside and around schools, and outcomes of food consumption and nutritional status of students. Carried out in the city of São Paulo, the objectives of this study were (i) to estimate associations between the presence of school cafeterias and the availability of ultra-processed food in cafeterias with the consumption of these foods among adolescents in the 9th grade in public and private schools; (ii) estimate associations between characteristics of the school food environment on the school block and the consumption of ultra-processed foods and overweight among the same adolescents; and (iii) investigate and compare the distribution of food stores around municipal, state and private schools that offer elementary and/or secondary education. Different sources of information were used: data from the São Paulo Project for the social development of children and adolescents (SP-proso), with a sample of 2,680 adolescents; observational data on the food environment around the same schools sampled by SP-proso; census data from schools that offered elementary and secondary school education; census data of food stores; and sociodemographic data of the neighborhoods. Using SP-proso data, multilevel regression models were conducted to assess associations between exposures to the presence of canteens in schools and availability of ultra-processed foods in canteens with outcomes of frequency of consumption of ultra-processed foods at school and also to test associations between the food environment characteristics on the school block and outcomes of frequency of consumption of ultra-processed and overweight among adolescents. With the census data, circular buffers of radius from 100 to 500 m were drawn, with schools as centroids. Concentrations or dispersions of the types of establishments around the schools were analyzed. Regression models were made to analyze differences between characteristics of the food environment between the three categories of schools. The presence of canteens in schools was associated with a greater consumption of ultra-processed foods by adolescents. A dose-response effect was observed between the diversity of ultra-processed foods in canteens and the frequency of consumption of these foods. The presence of street vendors, establishments non-specialized in food sales and four or more categories of establishments in the school block were associated with a greater consumption of ultra-processed foods by public school students. Bars and informal food sales contributed to increased consumption for students in private schools. Newsstands and snack bars and bakeries increased the chance of teenagers from public schools being overweight; while informal food sales and establishments non-specialized in food sales increased the chance of students from private schools being overweight. Candy stores were concentrated around municipal and private schools, mini-markets around municipal schools and snack bars, super and hypermarkets, greengroceries and butchers and fishmongers around private ones. Super and hypermarkets were scattered around municipal and state schools. The same happened with butchers and fishmongers in relation to state schools. Snack bar was the most common type of establishment around all schools. The least observed were super and hypermarkets. The fact that the school was private increased both the quantity and the prevalence of food stores in the surroundings. The poor quality food environment in and around schools exposes children and adolescents to risk factors for excessive consumption of ultra-processed foods and overweight. Public policies are needed to regulate the food sale in school territorie
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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