1,720,983 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Infection control strategies for patients and accompanying persons during the COVID-19 pandemic in German hospitals – Results from a cross-sectional study in March-April 2021
No full textkoamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Epidemiology of multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae (MRE) in the hospital setting
No full textNosokomiale Infektionen mit MRE nehmen deutschlandweit stark zu und sind
aktuell die häufigsten Infektionen mit antibiotikaresistenten Bakterien.
Risikofaktoren für eine Besiedlung mit MRE sind assoziiert mit
Hochrisikogebieten wie Asien und Nordafrika. Sie reichen von Reisen bis zu
sozialen oder kulturellen Verbindungen zu diesen Ländern, auch bei in
Deutschland lebenden Menschen. Die Verbreitung von MRE über die Nahrungskette
ist wahrscheinlich und findet in Deutschland am ehesten über die
Schweinefleischproduktion statt. MRE sind resistent gegenüber einer Vielzahl
klinisch eingesetzter antibakterieller Substanzen. Bei rechtzeitiger Gabe
wirksamer antibakterieller Medikamente sind diese Infektionen nicht
unmittelbar mit erhöhtem Sterberisiko assoziiert. Dies gilt allerdings nur für
Carbapenem-sensible MRE. Innerhalb dieser Gruppe gibt es wesentliche
Unterschiede in Bezug auf die Erregerspezies. So zeigen unsere Untersuchungen,
dass K. pneumoniae-Infektionen mit einem schwereren Verlauf assoziiert sind im
Vergleich zu E. coli-Infektionen. Patienten mit Infektionen durch MRE,
insbesondere durch K. pneumoniae, verursachen vermehrt Kosten im Krankenhaus
und weisen eine verlängerte Verweildauer auf im Vergleich zu Infektionen mit
E. coli. Vor Beginn einer ESBL-KP-Infektion sind Patienten signifikant länger
im Krankenhaus und bergen daher vermutlich ein anderes Risikoprofil auf als
Patienten mit E. coli-Infektionen. Dennoch bleiben wichtige Fragen zunächst
ungeklärt und bedürfen weiterer Untersuchung: Wie hoch ist die
epidemiologische Relevanz der Übertragung von Resistenzgenen zwischen
verschiedenen Erregern im Krankenhaus? Welchen Stellenwert nehmen
hochvirulente Stämme wie z.B. E. coli ST131 in der Hierarchie der
Risikofaktoren für nosokomiale Infektionen ein? Welchen Ursprung haben die
gezeigten epidemiologischen Unterschiede zwischen K. pneumoniae- und E. coli-
Patienten? Woher stammen die geographischen Unterschiede in der MRE-
Infektionsinzidenz in Deutschland? Künftige Studien sollten nach den MRE-
Spezies adjustieren und den Einfluss von hochvirulenten MRE-Stämmen auf die
Inzidenz nosokomialer Infektionen untersuchen. Außerdem sollten
epidemiologischen Untersuchungen zu MRE künftig Methoden der Ganzgenomanalyse
in Betracht ziehen. Damit könnten nosokomiale Übertragungen von mobilen
Resistenzgenen detektiert und Präventionsmaßnahmen angepasst werden. Schon
jetzt zeigt sich aber, dass bei Patienten mit multiresistenten K. pneumoniae
strengere Infektionspräventionsmaßnahmen angewendet werden sollten als bei
Besiedlung mit vergleichbaren E. coli.Nosocomial infections with multidrug-resistant Gram-negative organisms
(MDRGNO) are strongly increasing throughout Germany and are currently the most
common infections with antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Risk factors for a
colonization with MDRGNO are associated with high-risk areas such as Asia and
North Africa. They range from travel to social or cultural aspects related to
these countries, affecting also people living in Germany. The distribution of
MDRGNO through the food chain is likely and is in Germany probably associated
with the pork production. MDROs are resistant to a variety of clinically used
antibacterial substances. These infections are not directly associated with an
increased risk of death if these antibiotics are administered in a timely
manner. However, this only applies to carbapenem-sensitive MRE. Within MDRGNOs
there are significant differences between pathogen species. Our studies show
that K. pneumoniae infections are associated with a more severe course of
disease compared to E. coli infections. Patients with infections caused by
MDRGNO, in particular by K. pneumoniae, are associated with increased hospital
costs and have a prolonged length of hospital stay compared to infections with
E. coli. Prior to an infection with multidrug-resistant K. pneumoniae (MDR
KP), patients stay significantly longer in the hospital than patients with
comparable E. coli infections and therefore presumably have a different risk
profile. However, important questions remain unresolved and need further
investigation: What is the epidemiological relevance of the transmission of
resistance genes between different pathogens in the hospital? What is the
significance of highly virulent strains, e.g. E. coli ST131 in the hierarchy
of risk factors for nosocomial infections? What is the origin of the shown
epidemiological differences between K. pneumoniae and E. coli patients? What
are the geographical differences in MRE infection incidence in Germany? Future
studies should adjust for MDRGNO species and investigate the influence of
highly virulent MDRGNO strains on the incidence of nosocomial infections. In
addition, epidemiological studies on these pathogens should consider future
methods of whole genome analysis. Thus, nosocomial transmissions of mobile
resistance genes could be detected and preventive measures adapted. However,
it has already been shown that in patients with MDR KP, more stringent
infection prevention measures should be used than for colonization with MDR E.
coli
- …
