178,689 research outputs found
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Closing the R&D Gap, Evaluating the Sources of R&D Spending"
No full textBoth spending and tax policies have been implemented in the United States with the goal of stimulating private sector research and development (R&D). Karier questions whether current R&D policy, especially the research and experimentation tax credit, can contribute to closing the gap between nondefense expenditures on R&D in the United States and such expenditures in other countries, such as Japan and Germany. He also explores possible changes to our current R&D policy to make it more effective.
Code for "Temporal sampling and abundance measurement influences support for occupancy-abundance relationships"
No full textCode to reproduce the analyses and figures from Dallas, TA, J Pöyry, R Leinonen, and O. Ovaskainen. 2019. "Temporal sampling and abundance measurement influences support for occupancy-abundance relationships"</div
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Letter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer, Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, October 2, 1942
No full textLetter from R. R. Zellick, Assistant Trust Officer at The Anglo California National Bank of San Francisco, to Joseph R. Goodman, regarding property owned by Dave Tatsuno. Zellick mentions a dispute between current tenants and Tatsuno, and that Tatsuno has asked Goodman to help locate trustworthy tenants.Personal correspondence, organizational records, government documents, publications, and other papers created or collected by Joseph R. Goodman documenting the forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans during World War II, as well as organized resistance to incarceration. Included in the collection are records of the Japanese Young Men's Christian Association and the Japanese American Citizens' League in San Francisco, including papers of the Japanese YMCA's executive secretary Lincoln Kanai; Sakai family papers; Goodman's correspondence to and from Japanese American incarcerees, organizations opposing forced removal and incarceration of Japanese Americans, the War Relocation Authority, and others; publications, photographs, and ephemera from the Topaz Relocation Center, where Goodman taught high school; War Relocation Authority records and publications; and newspaper clippings, pamphlets, and reports about forced removal and incarceration created by various government, religious, and civic organizations, in California and nationwide
Dual circularly polarized GNSS-reflectometry for remote sensing of land and sea surfaces
No full textAbstract
Remote sensing of the environment is of utmost importance to better understand the effects of climate change. The utilization of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals reflected from different Earth surfaces allows the investigation of important surface parameters for climate change studies such as the sea level, sea-ice thickness, soil moisture, etc. The polarization reversal of the GNSS transmitted right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signal upon reflection to left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signal enables exploration of this diversity and studying of the reflecting surface properties.
This thesis presents a polarimetric analysis of GNSS Signals-of-Opportunity using a cost-effective dual circularly polarized (DCP) GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) system for remote sensing of land and sea surfaces. A custom-designed, phase-stable DCP antenna and commercial GNSS receivers record direct and reflected GNSS signals. The developed low-cost GNSS-R system allows the simultaneous reception of two low-correlation data streams of orthogonally polarized GNSS signals. This enables utilization of the received carrier-to-noise density ratios (C/N0) for characterizing reflecting surface properties.
GNSS-R measurement campaigns conducted during this thesis investigated surface properties in different seasons and surface conditions. Sea ice thickness was estimated from the total freeboard, which was derived from the difference between the sea level bias calculated using the GNSS-interferometric reflectometry method and the sea level data from the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The signatures of multilayered propagation of the GNSS signals through the sea ice in received LHCP C/N0 data streams enabled sea ice thickness characterization. The statistics of the received LHCP data showed a correlation with the wind speed observations over the open sea. The GNSS-interference pattern technique was used to estimate the RHCP and LHCP reflection coefficients to measure the relative permittivity of the open sea and land by inversion of the Brewster angle. The practicality of performing dynamic measurements using the DCP system was tested onboard a drone for different remote sensing applications. Original papers Regmi, A., Berg, M., & Pärssinen, A. (2019). A method for ice thickness characterization using GNSS C/N0 data. 2019 8th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), 534–538. https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAP47827.2019.9472017 https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAP47827.2019.9472017 Self-archived version Regmi, A., Pärssinen, A., & Berg, M. (2020). Sea surface characterization using dual polarized GNSS reception system. 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP48036.2020.9135227 https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP48036.2020.9135227 Self-archived version Regmi, A., Hänninen, T., Leinonen, M. E., Pärssinen, A., & Berg, M. (2021). Dynamic dual polarized GNSS reflectometry using UAV. 2021 15th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP51087.2021.9411371 https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP51087.2021.9411371 Self-archived version Regmi, A., Leinonen, M. E., Pärssinen, A., & Berg, M. (2022). Monitoring sea ice thickness using GNSS-interferometric reflectometry. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 19, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2022.3198189 https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2022.3198189 Self-archived version Regmi, A., Leinonen, M. E., Pärssinen, A., & Berg, M. (2024). Relative permittivity measurement of sea and land by ground-based dual circularly polarized GNSS-reflectometry. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 62, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3346792 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3346792 Self-archived version Tiivistelmä
Ympäristön kaukokartoitus on tärkeä menetelmä ilmaston muutosten vaikutusten havainnointiin. Globaalin satelliittinavigointisysteemin (GNSS) signaalien heijastuminen maanpinnasta mahdollistaa sen sisältämien materiaalien ja pintojen tutkimuksen kuten myös meren pinnan korkeuden havainnoinnin, meren jään paksuuden tai maaperän kosteuden mittaamisen. GNSS-signaalin polarisaation kääntyminen oikean käden ympyräpolarisaatiosta (RHCP) heijastumisen kautta vasemman käden ympyräpolarisaatioksi (LHCP) mahdollistaa heijastavan pinnan ominaisuuksien tutkimisen.
Tässä väitöstutkimuksessa esitellään GNSS-signaalin polaarimetrinen analyysi, joka perustuu kustannustehokkaan kaksoisympyräpolarisoidun (DCP) GNSS reflektometrisysteemin (GNSS-R) käyttöön maan- ja merenpinnan kaukokartoituksessa. Erikoissuunniteltu, vaihestabiili DCP antenni ja kaupalliset GNSS-vastaanottimet tallentavat suoraan eteneviä ja heijastuneita GNSS-signaaleja. Kehitetty GNSS-R-järjestelmä mahdollistaa kahden samanaikaisen heikosti korreloivan ortogonaalisesti polarisoidun GNSS-signaalin vastaanottamisen. Tämä mahdollistaa vastaanotettujen signaalien signaalikantoaalto-kohinasuhteen (C/N0) käyttämisen heijastavien pintojen ominaisuuksien määrittämiseen.
Tässä työssä esitellyt GNSS-R-mittaukset tutkivat pintojen ominaisuuksia eri vuoden aikoina ja erilaisissa pintaolosuhteissa. Meren jään paksuutta estimoitiin havainnoimalla kokonaiskorkeutta, joka saatiin meren pinnan korkeuksien erotuksena, kun verrattiin GNSS-interfero-reflektometrisiä tuloksia ja Suomen Ilmatieteen laitoksen merenpinnan korkeuden tietoja. Monikerroksisen jään läpi edenneen GNSS-signaalin muutokset havainnoitiin muutoksina LHCP C/N0-parametrissä mahdollistaen jään paksuuden mittaamisen. Vastaanotetun LHCP-datan tilastolliset parametrit havainnoivat korrelaation tuulen nopeuden kanssa avoimella merellä. GNSS-häiriökuviotekniikkaa käytettiin arvioimaan RHCP- ja LHCP-heijastuskertoimet ja niiden kautta mittamaan avomeren ja maan suhteelliset permittiivisyydet Brewsterin kulman avulla. Dynaamisten mittausten käytännöllisyyttä DCP-järjestelmällä testattiin droonilla erilaisissa kaukokartoitustilanteissa. Osajulkaisut Regmi, A., Berg, M., & Pärssinen, A. (2019). A method for ice thickness characterization using GNSS C/N0 data. 2019 8th Asia-Pacific Conference on Antennas and Propagation (APCAP), 534–538. https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAP47827.2019.9472017 https://doi.org/10.1109/APCAP47827.2019.9472017 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Regmi, A., Pärssinen, A., & Berg, M. (2020). Sea surface characterization using dual polarized GNSS reception system. 2020 14th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP48036.2020.9135227 https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP48036.2020.9135227 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Regmi, A., Hänninen, T., Leinonen, M. E., Pärssinen, A., & Berg, M. (2021). Dynamic dual polarized GNSS reflectometry using UAV. 2021 15th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP51087.2021.9411371 https://doi.org/10.23919/EuCAP51087.2021.9411371 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Regmi, A., Leinonen, M. E., Pärssinen, A., & Berg, M. (2022). Monitoring sea ice thickness using GNSS-interferometric reflectometry. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters, 19, 1–5. https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2022.3198189 https://doi.org/10.1109/LGRS.2022.3198189 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Regmi, A., Leinonen, M. E., Pärssinen, A., & Berg, M. (2024). Relative permittivity measurement of sea and land by ground-based dual circularly polarized GNSS-reflectometry. IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, 62, 1–16. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3346792 https://doi.org/10.1109/TGRS.2023.3346792 Rinnakkaistallennettu versio Academic dissertation to be presented with the assent of the Doctoral Programme Committee of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering of the University of Oulu for public defence in the Wetteri auditorium (IT115), Linnanmaa, on 20 March 2025, at 12 noonAbstract
Remote sensing of the environment is of utmost importance to better understand the effects of climate change. The utilization of Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signals reflected from different Earth surfaces allows the investigation of important surface parameters for climate change studies such as the sea level, sea-ice thickness, soil moisture, etc. The polarization reversal of the GNSS transmitted right-hand circularly polarized (RHCP) signal upon reflection to left-hand circularly polarized (LHCP) signal enables exploration of this diversity and studying of the reflecting surface properties.
This thesis presents a polarimetric analysis of GNSS Signals-of-Opportunity using a cost-effective dual circularly polarized (DCP) GNSS-Reflectometry (GNSS-R) system for remote sensing of land and sea surfaces. A custom-designed, phase-stable DCP antenna and commercial GNSS receivers record direct and reflected GNSS signals. The developed low-cost GNSS-R system allows the simultaneous reception of two low-correlation data streams of orthogonally polarized GNSS signals. This enables utilization of the received carrier-to-noise density ratios (C/N0) for characterizing reflecting surface properties.
GNSS-R measurement campaigns conducted during this thesis investigated surface properties in different seasons and surface conditions. Sea ice thickness was estimated from the total freeboard, which was derived from the difference between the sea level bias calculated using the GNSS-interferometric reflectometry method and the sea level data from the Finnish Meteorological Institute. The signatures of multilayered propagation of the GNSS signals through the sea ice in received LHCP C/N0 data streams enabled sea ice thickness characterization. The statistics of the received LHCP data showed a correlation with the wind speed observations over the open sea. The GNSS-interference pattern technique was used to estimate the RHCP and LHCP reflection coefficients to measure the relative permittivity of the open sea and land by inversion of the Brewster angle. The practicality of performing dynamic measurements using the DCP system was tested onboard a drone for different remote sensing applications.Tiivistelmä
Ympäristön kaukokartoitus on tärkeä menetelmä ilmaston muutosten vaikutusten havainnointiin. Globaalin satelliittinavigointisysteemin (GNSS) signaalien heijastuminen maanpinnasta mahdollistaa sen sisältämien materiaalien ja pintojen tutkimuksen kuten myös meren pinnan korkeuden havainnoinnin, meren jään paksuuden tai maaperän kosteuden mittaamisen. GNSS-signaalin polarisaation kääntyminen oikean käden ympyräpolarisaatiosta (RHCP) heijastumisen kautta vasemman käden ympyräpolarisaatioksi (LHCP) mahdollistaa heijastavan pinnan ominaisuuksien tutkimisen.
Tässä väitöstutkimuksessa esitellään GNSS-signaalin polaarimetrinen analyysi, joka perustuu kustannustehokkaan kaksoisympyräpolarisoidun (DCP) GNSS reflektometrisysteemin (GNSS-R) käyttöön maan- ja merenpinnan kaukokartoituksessa. Erikoissuunniteltu, vaihestabiili DCP antenni ja kaupalliset GNSS-vastaanottimet tallentavat suoraan eteneviä ja heijastuneita GNSS-signaaleja. Kehitetty GNSS-R-järjestelmä mahdollistaa kahden samanaikaisen heikosti korreloivan ortogonaalisesti polarisoidun GNSS-signaalin vastaanottamisen. Tämä mahdollistaa vastaanotettujen signaalien signaalikantoaalto-kohinasuhteen (C/N0) käyttämisen heijastavien pintojen ominaisuuksien määrittämiseen.
Tässä työssä esitellyt GNSS-R-mittaukset tutkivat pintojen ominaisuuksia eri vuoden aikoina ja erilaisissa pintaolosuhteissa. Meren jään paksuutta estimoitiin havainnoimalla kokonaiskorkeutta, joka saatiin meren pinnan korkeuksien erotuksena, kun verrattiin GNSS-interfero-reflektometrisiä tuloksia ja Suomen Ilmatieteen laitoksen merenpinnan korkeuden tietoja. Monikerroksisen jään läpi edenneen GNSS-signaalin muutokset havainnoitiin muutoksina LHCP C/N0-parametrissä mahdollistaen jään paksuuden mittaamisen. Vastaanotetun LHCP-datan tilastolliset parametrit havainnoivat korrelaation tuulen nopeuden kanssa avoimella merellä. GNSS-häiriökuviotekniikkaa käytettiin arvioimaan RHCP- ja LHCP-heijastuskertoimet ja niiden kautta mittamaan avomeren ja maan suhteelliset permittiivisyydet Brewsterin kulman avulla. Dynaamisten mittausten käytännöllisyyttä DCP-järjestelmällä testattiin droonilla erilaisissa kaukokartoitustilanteissa
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
No full textWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Liftings for noncomplete probability spaces
No full textThe current state of knowledge concerning liftings for noncomplete probability spaces is discussed. This is a somewhat expanded version of the author's talk given at the 1991 Summer Conference on General Topology and Applications in Honor of Mary Ellen Rudin and Her Work.PT: S; CR: BURKE MR, IN PRESS P AM MATH S BURKE MR, 1991, ISRAEL J MATH, V73, P33 BURKE MR, 1992, ISRAEL J MATH, V79, P289 CARLSON T, THEOREM LIFTING CHRISTENSEN JPR, 1974, TOPOLOGY BOREL STRUC FREMLIN DH, 1989, HDB BOOLEAN ALGEBRAS, P877 INOESCUTULCEA A, 1966, 5TH P BERK S MATH ST, V2 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1967, CONTRIBUTIONS PROB 1, P63 IONESCUTULCEA A, 1969, TOPICS THEORY LIFTIN JECH TJ, 1978, SET THEORY JOHNSON RA, 1980, P AM MATH SOC, V80, P234 JUST W, IN PRESS T AM MATH S KUPKA J, 1983, INDIANA U MATH J, V32, P717 LOSERT V, 1983, LNM, V1080, P95 MAHARAM D, 1958, P AM MATH SOC, V9, P987 SHELAH S, 1983, ISRAEL J MATH, V45, P90 TALAGRAND M, 1982, P AM MATH SOC, V84, P379 VONNEUMANN J, 1931, CRELLES J MATH, V165, P109; NR: 18; TC: 0; J9: ANN N Y ACAD SCI; PG: 4; GA: BZ86BSource type: Electronic(1
Hansen, Lee (Lee R.). Union, non-union, and managerial pay plan state employees, 2008-2019
No full text1 online resource (2 pages)"July 1, 2021."Provides the number of union and non-union state employees in each of the last 14 years. Also provides the number of state employees paid under the state's managerial pay plan during each of those years. Updates OLR research report 2019-R-011
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