1,720,957 research outputs found
Sustainable, environmental policies and distributional effects of green investments
No full textLa complessa relazione tra clima e sistema economico può essere studiata da diverse angolazioni e con vari livelli di granularità. Qualsiasi politica che coinvolga investimenti in mitigazione o adattamento non può essere compresa a pieno adottando un approccio strettamente top-down, ignorando feedback loops e implicazioni distribuzionali di shock e politiche legati al clima. In questa tesi, strutturata in tre capitoli, si affronta l’impatto del cambiamento climatico sull’economia utilizzando un approccio bottom-up, esaminando politiche finanziarie sostenibili in presenza di danno climatico, e l’interazione tra investimenti in mitigazione e preferenze green.
Nel primo capitolo viene mostrato uno spaccato dello stato attuale della letteratura relativa ai modelli Integrated Assessment (IAM), tra gli strumenti più comuni adottati per studiare l’interazione tra clima e sistema economico. Successivamente se ne evidenziano alcune criticità metodologiche e concettuali fondamentali. Chi impiega questi modelli ha recepito queste critiche sviluppando una varietà di soluzioni, tra queste gli Agent-Based IAM (AB-IAM) costituiscono un nuovo promettente filone nella letteratura. Quindi, utilizzando gli AB-IAM, si affrontano due tematiche di ricerca principali.
Il secondo capitolo analizza la capacità di alcune politiche o strategie sostenibili di arginare la crescente fragilità del sistema economico indotta dai danni climatici attraverso l’adattamento. Utilizzando un modello ad agenti Stock-Flow-Consistent calibrato sull’economia statunitense, vengono testati diversi scenari, inclusi l’introduzione di un Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB), secondo i regolamenti di Basilea III, una politica monetaria che tenga conto dei danni climatici, e una strategia di adattamento da parte delle imprese che consiste nell’internalizzazione dei danni climatici attesi. Inoltre, questi scenari vengono testati in caso di shock omogenei ed eterogenei sulla produttività. I risultati indicano lo scarso successo del CCyB nel suo obiettivo di stabilizzazione finanziaria. Tuttavia, quando la banca centrale o le imprese internalizzano il danno climatico nei loro processi decisionali, riescono a contenerne l’impatto negativo su produzione e distribuzione della ricchezza. Tra i due interventi, quello della banca centrale produce risultati migliori, specialmente in presenza di crescenti shock eterogenei.
Nel terzo capitolo, si esamina come le preferenze green endogene dei consumatori possano impattare le decisioni di investimento in riduzione di emissioni di CO2, e gli obiettivi di abbattimento del governo. Mentre la letteratura relativa alla willingness to pay (WTP) per i prodotti green approfondisce i principali driver del consumo green, tuttavia non è ancora chiaro se queste abbiano la capacità di influenzare la traiettoria di sviluppo di un paese, stimolando gli investimenti in abbattimento. Inoltre, le dinamiche sociali connesse potrebbero essere cruciali nel determinare le preferenze di un individuo, potenzialmente facilitando o ostacolando le scelte di consumo. Utilizzando il Multi-Agent model for Transition Risk (MATRIX), un AB-IAM Stock-Flow-Consistent, si osserva come le preferenze green endogene possano accelerare la transizione verde, assistendo il ruolo della carbon tax. Tuttavia, le dinamiche sociali producono un effetto non-triviale: senza investimenti in abbattimento massicci e coordinati da parte delle imprese non viene prodotta la spinta necessaria per direzionare le preferenze verso prodotti più sostenibili. Quindi, mentre una riduzione delle emissioni di CO2 sarebbe ottimale a livello individuale, le tendenze brown collettive prendono il sopravvento, ostacolando la transizione verde.The complex relationship between climate and the economic system can be studied from different perspectives and with a varying degree of granularity. Any policy involving mitigation or adaptation investments cannot be fully understood by employing a strictly top-down approach, ignoring feedback loops and distributional implications of climate shocks and policies. In this thesis, structured in three chapters, we inquire the impact of climate change on the economy by adopting a bottom-up perspective. We analyse sustainable financial policies in conjunction with climate damages, and the interaction between green preferences and investments in mitigation.
In the first chapter we present a snapshot of the current state of Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs), among the most employed tools to study the interaction between climate and the economic system. Then we highlight some fundamental criticisms concerning methodology and conceptualization of these models. Practitioners have addressed them by exploring several directions, among them Agent Based IAMs (AB-IAMs) are a promising new branch in the literature. Thus, by adopting AB-IAMs we address two main lines of research.
In the second chapter we look at how a set of sustainable financial policies and strategies can address climate-induced damages, attempting to limit the economic system’s growing fragility through adaptation. Using a Stock-Flow-Consistent Agent Based model calibrated on U.S. data, we test several scenarios. These scenarios include the introduction of a Countercyclical Capital Buffer (CCyB) in line with the Basel III framework, a monetary policy accounting for climate-related damage, and an adaptation strategy adopted by firms, consisting of internalizing expected climate-related damages. Furthermore, we test those scenarios under both assumptions of homogeneity and heterogeneity of climate shocks to productivity. We find that the CCyB has little to no success in its endeavor for financial stabilization, being equally ineffective when facing both types of climate shocks. On the other hand, when the central bank or firms internalize climate damages in making decisions, they can contain their negative impact on output and wealth distribution. However, the central bank intervention produces better results, especially when facing increasingly heterogeneous shocks.
In the third chapter, we address how endogenously evolving consumer green preferences can affect firms' investment decisions in CO2 emissions reduction, and the government’s abatement goals. While the literature studying the willingness to pay for green products provides insights into the main drivers of green consumption, it is still unclear whether it can influence the development trajectory of the economy and stimulate firms' abatement decisions. Moreover, social dynamics may be crucial in shaping individuals' preferences by potentially hindering or favoring some consumption choices. Using the Multi-Agent model for Transition Risk (MATRIX), an integrated-assessment stock-flow-consistent agent-based macroeconomic model, we find that endogenous green preferences can speed up the green transition by complementing the role of carbon taxation. However, social dynamics and peer imitation produce a non-trivial effect: without a massive and coordinated abatement effort from firms, sporadic investments cannot produce sufficient momentum to redirect preferences toward greener products. Thus, while a complete reduction of CO2 emissions would be optimal at the individual level, collective brown tendencies overcome it and prevent the green transition
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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