5,196 research outputs found
Valorisation of white wine lees: optimisation of subcritical water extraction of antioxidant compounds
No full textThis study explored the extraction of antioxidant compounds from white wine lees using subcritical water extraction (SWE). First, SWE was compared to extraction using conventional solvents mixed with water: 50 % methanol, 50 % ethanol and 50 % acetonitrile. The antiradical activity of the extract increased to 12.8 mg TE/g of extract dry matter (DM) using conventional solvents and to 29.2 mg TE/g DM with SWE, compared to the antiradical activity of dried lees, which was 5.7 mg Trolox Equivalent/g of dry matter (mg TE/g DM). Second, SWE conditions were optimised to obtain lees extracts with a high antioxidant activity by applying a Doehlert design and response surface methodology (RSM). The extraction parameters modulated during RSM optimisation were extraction time (t, 15 – 60 min), temperature (T, 100 – 250 °C) and stirring speed (S, 100 – 1000 RPM). Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and FRAP tests, as well as by measuring the Oxygen Consumption Rate (OCR) of lees extracts. Temperature was found to be the main parameter that had a significant effect on antioxidant activity. The results of the RSM showed the optimal conditions (temperature, duration and speed) for attaining maximum antioxidant activity to be: 240 °C, 15 min and 550 RPM respectively. The best-known antioxidant compounds in white wine lees, Total Polyphenol Content (TPC), Glutathione (GSH) and Total Sulfhydryl groups (TSH) were also quantified. Extracts with the highest antioxidant capacity had the highest TPC and TSH concentrations. In conclusion, this study showed (i) that subcritical water extraction is a green process that has potential as an alternative to using conventional solvents for extracting white wine lees, (ii) the chemical components involved in their antioxidant capacity, and (iii) the potential of the lees for oenological and other industrial applications
The Open Door: Newson Readers, Book Two.
No full textA standard kids' reader in very good condition. Three fables: TH (60), AD (112), and DM (114). Edna Potter is the illustrator for TH.This is a hardbound book (hard cover)Catherine T. Bryce and Rose Lees Hard
A common genetic factor for Parkinson disease in ethnic Chinese population in Taiwan
No full textBackground: Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder, characterized clinically by resting tremor, bradykinesia, postural instability and rigidity. The prevalence of PD is approximately 2% of the population over 65 years of age and 1.7 million PD patients ( age >= 55 years) live in China. Recently, a common LRRK2 variant Gly2385Arg was reported in ethnic Chinese PD population in Taiwan. We analyzed the frequency of this variant in our independent PD case-control population of Han Chinese from Taiwan.Methods: 305 patients and 176 genetically unrelated healthy controls were examined by neurologists and the diagnosis of PD was based on the published criteria. The region of interest was amplified with standard polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR fragments then were directly sequenced in both forward and reverse directions. Differences in genotype frequencies between groups were assessed by the X-2 test, while X-2 analysis was used to test for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.Results: Of the 305 patients screened we identified 27 (9%) with heterozygous G2385R variant. This mutation was only found in 1 (0.5%) in our healthy control samples ( odds ratio = 16.99, 95% CI: 2.29 to 126.21, p = 0.0002). Sequencing of the entire open reading frame of LRRK2 in G2385R carriers revealed no other variants.Conclusion: These data suggest that the G2385R variant contributes significantly to the etiology of PD in ethnic Han Chinese individuals. With consideration of the enormous and expanding aging Chinese population in mainland China and in Taiwan, this variant is probably the most common known genetic factor for PD worldwide
Legume yield and persistence in grass and herb pasture mixtures in Lees Valley, South Island High Country
No full textFour experiments were established to identify productive and persistent dryland pasture mixtures that included legumes to supply nitrogen and a suitable grass and/or herb companion species. There was a Caucasian clover-herbs (plantain and/or chicory) mixture experiment, and three grass-clover mixture experiments: ryegrass cultivars, dryland grass species (brome, cocksfoot, or tall fescue), or timothy +/-herbs (plantain and/or chicory), all sown with white and sub clovers. The site was in Lees Valley, an intermontane basin in North Canterbury (400 m a.s.l.), which experiences long cold winters, has soils of low pH and high aluminium, with low water holding capacity and severe summer soil moisture deficits.
In the first two years of the grass-clover mixtures, the ryegrass and dryland grass-clover pasture mixtures were the most productive with total yields of ~4,400 kg DM/ha. In the dryland grass mixtures, the yield of the brome and cocksfoot grass component increased from Year 1 to 2 (1350 to 2830 kg DM/ha) while tall fescue declined (970 to 800 kg DM/ha). The equivalent timothy grass yields were low averaging ~320 kg DM/ ha/yr.
Across the grass-clover mixtures, the average white clover yield was 1800±210 kg DM/ha in Year 1 and represented 43% of total DM, compared with 8% sub clover. In Year 2, the white clover produced 930±90 kg DM/ha, which represented 29% of total annual yield. Sub clover did not re-establish. Grass cultivars/species in the mixture experiments had no effect on white clover yield. White clover yields peaked in October-November of both years with growth rates of ~16 kg DM/ha/d. At the start of the summer dry period, from November onwards, white clover growth rates declined resulting in lower yields.
In the Caucasian-herbs experiment, total yield in Years 1 and 2 was ~2750 kg DM/ha/yr. In both years Caucasian clover yields were lower when grown in herb-based mixtures compared with a monoculture (Year 1: ~400 versus 1800±270 kg DM/ha, Year 2: 920 versus 1750±210 kg DM/ha). Plantain contributed ~1740 kg DM/ha/yr to the total yield.
The persistence and productivity of grass-legume-herb mixtures for dryland pastures are discussed. Cocksfoot was a productive grass in Lees Valley because of its aggressive growth habit and resilience in dryland conditions. Caucasian clover was a productive when grown as a monoculture
Yield and persistence of legume monocultures grown in the Lees Valley, South Island High Country
No full textSix legume monocultures were established in the Lees Valley, North Canterbury (400 m a.s.l.), which has long cold winters. The stony soils have low pH, high aluminium concentration, and low water holding capacity, which can lead to severe summer soil moisture deficits. The aim was to identify legumes that would survive and persist in this environment and, therefore, increase the available nitrogen in the pastoral system. Legume populations of 88±12 seedlings/m² were established and ranged from 45 (sub clover) to 197 seedlings/m² (Caucasian clover). The highest yields were from ‘Pawera’ red clover at 2.5 and 2.9 t DM/ ha in Years 2 and 3, ‘Demand’ white clover produced 1.7 and 2.6 t DM/ha, and ‘Endura’ Caucasian 1.8 and 1.7 t DM/ha. ‘Kaituna’ lucerne yields were low at 0.7 and 1.4 t DM/ha. Caucasian clover was the most persistent legume. A visual assessment in Year 5 found Caucasian was the only legume still dominating its plot (69%) with the lowest area of bare ground (11%). ‘Leura’ subterranean and ‘Bolta’ balansa annual clovers survived for four years but accumulated annual yields were low (50%). While red and white clover provided the highest yields for two years, Caucasian clover was the most persistent species and is therefore a legume recommended for this environment
Correlation of group C meningococcal conjugate vaccine response with B- and T-lymphocyte activity.
No full textDespite the success of conjugate vaccination against meningococcal group C (MenC) disease, post-vaccination, some individuals still exhibit rapid waning of initially protective bactericidal antibody levels. The mechanism of this relative loss of humoral protection remains undetermined. In this report we have investigated the relationship between T- and B-cell activation and co-stimulation and the loss of protective antibody titers. We have found that healthy volunteers who lose protective MenC antibody levels one year after receipt of glycoconjugate vaccine exhibit no detectable cellular defect in polyclonal B- or T-cell activation, proliferation or the B-memory pool. This suggests that the processes underlying the more rapid loss of antibody levels are independent of defects in either initial T- or B-cell activation
Red wine lees lysis induced by combining mechanical and physical treatments to enhance the extraction of polyphenols and proteins
No full textThis research explored the potential of residual wine lees to enhance the extraction of polyphenols and proteins using different inactivation methods, such as mechanical and physical treatments, from the perspective of integrating in biocomposites for soil treatment. Different combination of methods were used, such as freeze-drying, pestle, ultrasound-thermal treatments at different combination of temperature and time. The results showed that complete inactivation of cells were obtained by ultrasound treatment at temperatures higher than 70 °C for 30–60 min. The variant treated by ultrasound at 80 °C for 30 min showed the highest total polyphenols and flavonoids contents of 2.90±0.13 mg GAE/g DM and 2.96±0.11 mg CE/g DM, respectively, leading to a capacity to inhibit the free radicals of 69.63±0.16 %. The break of cells walls lead to an increase in protein content up to 2.37±0.08 mg/g DM. The cromatographic analysis revealed a different polyphenolic profile, depending on the type and the intensity of the inactivation treatments. Gallic acid and (-)-epigallocatechin were the common compounds in all samples, with the highest content in sample treated by ultrasound at 70 °C for 1 h (22.58±0.71 ng/mL). The highest concentration in (-)-epigallocatechin was observed in the samples ultrasound treated at 70 °C for 1 h (257.51±0.70 ng/mL) and at 80 °C for 30 min (207.65±0.69 ng/mL). A prebiotic effect on Bacillus B5 strain with a 1 log increase was found for the sample treated by ultrasound at 80 °C
Entanglement and quantity in quantum space - About quantum measurement (II)
No full textAs a continuation and extension of "quantity in phase space" "quantity in quantum space" is introduced. With that, the disappearing of quantum interference discussed in a previous paper [S. Durr, et al., Nature 395 (1998) 33] is explained in the same spirit as our recent papers [Ren De-Ming, Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 41 (2004) 685, 833].Physics, MultidisciplinarySCI(E)中国科学引文数据库(CSCD)1ARTICLE133-364
Sneutrino DM in the NMSSM with inverse seesaw mechanism
No full textIn supersymmetric theories like the Next-to-Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (NMSSM), the lightest neutralino with bino or singlino as its dominant component is customarily taken as dark matter (DM) candidate. Since light Higgsinos favored by naturalness can strength the couplings of the DM and thus enhance the DM-nucleon scattering rate, the tension between naturalness and DM direct detection results becomes more and more acute with the improved experimental sensitivity. In this work, we extend the NMSSM by inverse seesaw mechanism to generate neutrino mass, and show that in certain parameter space the lightest sneutrino may act as a viable DM candidate, i.e. it can annihilate by multi-channels to get correct relic density and meanwhile satisfy all experimental constraints. The most striking feature of the extension is that the DM-nucleon scattering rate can be naturally below its current experimental bounds regardless of the higgsino mass, and hence it alleviates the tension between naturalness and DM experiments. Other interesting features include that the Higgs phenomenology becomes much richer than that of the original NMSSM due to the relaxed constraints from DM physics and also due to the presence of extra neutrinos, and that the signatures of sparticles at colliders are quite different from those with neutralino as DM candidate.National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) [11575053]SCI(E)ARTICLE1
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